शैडोइंग अभ्यास: A Tale of Two Markets - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
163 वाक्य
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This is The Markets.
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I'm Chris Hussey, and today is Wednesday, May 13th, and I'm here on the Goldman Sachs trading floor with Sean Tateja,
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who oversees the ETF and Custom Basket's Vol Options Trading Desk within Global Banking and Markets.
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Sean, thanks so much for joining us.
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It's always fun to be on.
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All right, Sean.
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SPX is up 16 percent.
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NASDAQ's up 26 percent.
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I think semis are up like 70 percent off those March 30th lows.
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What's going on?
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What happened?
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Yeah, it's amazing because we're still in the middle of a large geopolitical conflict where oil prices are still very elevated.
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And as you mentioned, you just look at it and S&P is up 8% on the year now.
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NASDAQ is up about 15% or 16% on the year.
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Semis, you know, they go up every single day, it feels like.
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And it really feels to me like it's a tale of two markets.
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There's the AI stocks within U.S equities and anything that's related to the AI trade, whether it's the hyperscalers, the semiconductors, the data centers, the equipment,
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and then there's the rest of the market.
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And the indices that you mentioned, the S&P, the NASDAQ, so much of the concentration in those is now these AI names.
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And so we've just gone through another earning season just about here in the S&P.
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We're about 90% of the way through, and EPS growth is tracking at plus 17% year over year,
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which is the sixth consecutive quarter of double-digit earnings growth.
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Now, as remarkable as that is, what's even more remarkable is
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that the expectations for the next 12 months of EPS growth have now been ticking up to plus 13%.
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And if you look at it, in one way, you would say, well, the S&P is up 8% year to date.
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EPS growth over the next 12 months is up 13%.
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So the multiple has actually compressed from 22 to 21 times.
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So if anything, earnings are doing most of the heavy lifting.
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Now, that's not to say
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that a 21 times multiple is historically cheap by any metrics based on everything that's going on in the world.
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But I think what it does show is that so much of these indices are concentrated to AI.
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And the AI story is still fundamentally intact in terms of earnings.
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And they're still growing at a very rapid rate.
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Yeah, that's a great point.
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AI is driving so much earnings.
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It's funny, though, because going into the year, we had this call around halo stocks outperforming even the AI stocks, and it was working.
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What happened to that?
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You're talking about a tale of two markets.
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What happened to the other side of the market, that halo side?
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It's amazing because when we sat here three months ago and did this podcast at the beginning of the year, the whole theme around the market was a broadening out trade.
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It was that the conventional leaders, U.S tech, hyperscalers, et cetera, were getting sold in exchange for more cyclical equities to start the year.
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The view was that there was going to be above trend growth,
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below trend inflation and a Federal Reserve who could start cutting rates as soon as the summer into a very hot economy.
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And so a lot of our clients at the beginning of the year said in a world that has plentiful growth, we should be looking for names in the home builder space,
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in the consumer space, which was supposed to get relief from the tax refunds
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that were part of the one big beautiful bill last year, as well as from potentially the Supreme Court striking down tariffs, which ended up happening.
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And there were a lot of things to get bullish on in terms of the real economy, whether it be as well the industrials, what we call the cyclical equities.
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And what's ended up happening is you can't really see it in the price of S&P because it's so dominated by AI.
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But there has been a real growth shock and inflation shock
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because of how high oil prices have been because of the geopolitical conflict that we're seeing right now.
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And so that's affected a lot of these cyclical equities.
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And we're seeing this massive rotation back into the hyperscalers back into the AI names as people view
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that story as more inelastic demand and able to withstand the things that the consumers aren't.
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Because now we're in a really murky macro world where there's very high inflation
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and we thought the Fed was going to be cutting.
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Now we're hearing clients say that the next move might actually be a hike just given
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that we had an extremely high PPI this morning, really high CPI yesterday, and the growth numbers are starting to deteriorate and the Fed might be a little handcuffed,
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which is not a good setup for the rest of the economy or the real economy, we should say.
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So square the circle there, because, you know, as you pointed out, six straight quarters of double digit EPS gains.
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But all this ahead of us, maybe a Fed hike.
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And as you say, the real economy actually showing some stress.
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Are we in a bubble?
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No, I don't think we're in a bubble.
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And the way that I define a bubble would be you have a stock
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or a group of stocks that go up for, call it a day, a month, a year, two years, whatever it is, on air.
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and when the bubble pops, so to speak, they go back to the levels that they were at to start all of this.
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And when I look at the AI complex, there are a lot of things that fundamentally are working in that complex.
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If you look at the hyperscalers, they've committed to spend $755 billion this year in CapEx, which that number is just completely mind-blowing.
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That's up 38% year over year in terms of CapEx growth.
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And that's why the semiconductor earnings are always beating because there's just so much CapEx going into the trade.
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So do I think that when things start to draw down
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that they're going to go back to levels that we saw two years ago?
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No, I don't.
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But what I will say is that we have something called the GS risk appetite indicator, which is effectively a measure of how willing our clients are to take risk
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and how willing the market is to put on risk.
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That's at five-year highs.
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You look at our prime book, semiconductor exposure is making new record highs every single day.
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And so what I do think the market is underappreciating is that even in uptrends, you can have two-way volatility.
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Things don't just go up all the time, they can also have violent corrections.
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And we haven't really seen that.
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And what worries me a bit more about the market right now, especially the semiconductors and AI story, is how much leverage there is in the system.
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There are a lot of levered ETF products that have launched
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that get you two times exposure to semiconductors or three times exposure to semiconductors.
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And those products inherently are what we call short gamma products, meaning to keep their constant leverage on days when the underlier is up, they need to buy a bunch on the rebalance.
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And when days when it goes down, they need to sell a lot.
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And so the reason that worries me is as leverage increases and as positioning and exposure increases,
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you could have a moment where something fundamental comes out that's negative and a stock should be down 3%.
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But because of all these deleveraging forces that exist in the market, 3% can turn into 10% very quickly on the downside, just like we've seen it turn into that on the upside.
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And I think that that's something that's underappreciated.
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Now, does that mean that we're in a bubble because we can have a 10 or 20 percent drawdown?
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Absolutely not.
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But it does mean that there could be some two-way volatility in the market.
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That's a great point.
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When you have a forced seller in there in a leverage situation, it can exacerbate downturns.
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Talk to me a little bit more about the AI trade then.
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Where is it now?
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What's the theme that you want to play in that AI trade?
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You know, so for the past three, three and a half years, AI has been the talk of not just the U.S markets now, but even more so now recently, the international markets.
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And when I look at the evolution of the AI trade, you know, at the end of 2022, beginning of 2023, it started with people looking for the picks and shovels, which were the semiconductors.
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Then it kind of expanded to the people funding AI, which are the hyperscalers via CapEx.
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And then it transitioned to the data centers, the people who are powering the AI trade, and then AI equipment.
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So in the last six months, what's really been in trend has been memory chips.
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Memory chips are things that have been around for decades.
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But now that there's an AI application, there is a lot of euphoria in names that have to do with AI memory.
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More recently, it's shifted to fiber optic cables,
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which are effectively the cables that allow for high-speed transfer of data within these AI data centers.
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And those are more efficient than the previously used copper cables.
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And so this optical networking theme is up over 100% year to date.
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Yeah, it's fascinating.
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It's almost like walking through the AI hardware store and trying to pick out the shovels that we're short of.
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Absolutely.
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That's a great idea.
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All right.
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So what's the tray.
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Our baskets team sees the next spinoff or the next iteration of the AI equipment trade being within liquid cooling.
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So traditional data centers consume a lot of electricity using traditional air cooling systems.
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Almost as much goes into cooling as it does to actually producing the AI.
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But with liquid cooling technology you can significantly reduce by as much as 10 times the amount of electricity
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that goes towards cooling.
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And you can shift that more towards the power and distribution of actually fueling the AI trade.
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And so we think that's where the puck is going.
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The theme's up about 30 percent year to date.
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And we're seeing that trend catch on with a lot of data centers looking for that type of equipment.
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All right.
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We're in the middle of May.
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Traditionally, this is selling May.
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Go away.
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What are you looking for, though, over the next month or two?
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I think the most important thing is to watch back-end bond yields.
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So this morning, as we're talking, 30-year yields have eclipsed the 5% mark, which is a huge psychological level to even equity investors who
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look at yields for a lot of their tech investments or a lot of their more levered equity investments, etc. And I think that,
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again, it speaks to the tough position that we're in with rising inflation into a potentially weaker growth environment.
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We also have about 10 to 15 percent of the earnings season left with the largest company in the United States, largest company in the world reporting earnings next week,
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which will continue to show signs of how CapEx is being spent in the AI trade
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and the next steps of the AI trade.
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And then lastly, you have the U.S and China meeting this week.
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And I think that that's really important because when you look at China equities, those have been the notable underperformer in terms of the rest of the world.
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You've had such strong performance in Japan, Korea, Brazil.
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And I think that a lot of investors are looking to China as are things going to open up more?
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And are some of the China tech companies and China AI an investable story going forward?
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And maybe we'll learn more after these meetings.
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Yeah, three important things to look at.
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Rates, semis, and China.
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We will keep our eyes open.
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Sean, thanks so much for joining us today.
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Thank you for having me.
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That does it for this week's episode of The Markets.
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I'm Chris Hussey.
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Thanks for listening.
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संदर्भ और पृष्ठभूमि
इस वीडियो में क्रिस हसी और शॉन टेटेजा के बीच बातचीत में, अमेरिकी बाजारों की मौजूदा स्थिति पर चर्चा की गई है। शॉन, जो ETF और कस्टम बैस्केट के वोल अOptions ट्रेडिंग डेस्क का संचालन करते हैं, हमें बताते हैं कि कैसे उच्च तेल की कीमतों और भू-राजनीतिक संघर्षों के बावजूद, कुछ तकनीकी और एआई संबंधित स्टॉक्स में अत्यधिक वृद्धि हो रही है। यह बातचीत दर्शाती है कि वर्तमान में दो तरह के बाजार हैं, एक जो एआई से संबंधित स्टॉक्स पर केंद्रित है और दूसरा जो पारंपरिक स्टॉक्स पर आधारित है।
दैनिक संचार के लिए शीर्ष 5 वाक्यांश
- “यह एक दो बाजारों की कहानी है।” - यह वाक्यांश बाजार की विविधता को दर्शाता है।
- “हम एक गंभीर भू-राजनीतिक संघर्ष के बीच में हैं।” - यह वाक्यांश वर्तमान वैश्विक स्थिति को समझाता है।
- “एआई स्टॉक्स की वृद्धि अद्वितीय है।” - यह स्थिति को स्पष्ट करता है जिसमें एआई स्टॉक्स बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हो गए हैं।
- “उम्मीदें बढ़ रही हैं।” - यह दर्शाता है कि बाजार में सकारात्मक 전망 है।
- “किसी भी मेट्रिक्स के आधार पर यह बहुत सस्ता नहीं है।” - यह अध्ययन में मूल्यांकन की गंभीरता को इंगित करता है।
चरण-दर-चरण शैडोइंग गाइड
इस वीडियो के कठिनाई स्तर को समझने और सीखने के लिए निम्नलिखित कदम उठाएँ:
- वीडियो को ध्यान से सुनें: पहले बार में बिना किसी लेखन के, केवल सुनें। इससे आपको बातचीत के प्रवाह और उच्चारण का अनुभव होगा।
- मौखिक पुनरावृत्ति करें: shadowspeak तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए, वाक्यों को सुनें और उनके तुरंत बाद बोलने का प्रयास करें। इससे आपका उच्चारण और धाराप्रवाही में सुधार होगा।
- महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांशों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करें: ऊपर बताए गए शीर्ष 5 वाक्यांशों का विशेष अभ्यास करें। इन्हें कई बार बोलने से आपकी संवाद क्षमता बढ़ेगी।
- सुनने की प्रक्रिया को दोहराएं: वीडियो को फिर से सुनें, इस बार उन शब्दों और वाक्यों के लिए ध्यान दें जिनमें आप संघर्ष कर रहे हैं।
- समय-समय पर अभ्यास करें: अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग का नियमित अभ्यास करें, ताकि आपके लिए बोलने में सहजता आ सके। यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें एवं अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार के लिए यह एक प्रभावी तरीका है।
इस प्रक्रिया का पालन करने से, आप न केवल अपने अंग्रेजी कौशल में सुधार कर पाएंगे, बल्कि बातचीत को और अधिक प्रभावी ढंग से संभालने में भी सक्षम होंगे।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | we've just gone · has actually compressed · has been |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are concentrated · being spent · is intended |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | space, which was · indicator, which is · shovels, which were |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।