शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Drury's Electrical Store | Test 101 | IELTS LISTENING PRACTICE - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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This is IELTS Listening Practice Test.
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More listening tests will be continued and keep practicing.
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All answers are end of this video.
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Test 101 Section 1 You will hear a conversation between a man and a woman discussing the repair of a television.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5.
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You will see that there is an example.
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This time only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.
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good morning madam can i help you yes please i bought this small tv set here recently and
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when i got it home i couldn't get it to work
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oh dear well i'd just better take some details for this worksheet
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and then we'll have a look at it okay here we
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are now can you give me your name please Philippa Hutton Could you spell Hutton, please?
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That's H -U -T -T -O -N So, Hutton is the correct answer.
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Now we begin.
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You should answer the questions as you listen, as the recording is not played twice.
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Listen carefully to the conversation and answer questions 1 to 5.
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Good morning, madam.
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Can I help you?
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Yes, please.
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I bought this small TV set here recently, and when I got it home, I couldn't get it to work.
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Oh dear.
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Well, I'd just better take some details for this worksheet, and then we'll have a look at it.
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OK.
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Here we are.
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Now, can you give me your name, please?
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Philippa Hutton.
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Could you spell Hutton, please?
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That's H -U -T -T -O -N Thank you.
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And your address?
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13 Glen Avenue, Westley Do you know the postcode?
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Yes, it's W -E -5 -8 -G -F And what's your phone number?
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My home number is 01748 -524 -965 and my mobile number is 07745 276 145.
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OK, got that.
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Now, did you still have the receipt for the television?
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Yes, it's right here.
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Let's have a look.
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Right, so you bought it on 5th June, that's two days ago, so what exactly is wrong with the TV?
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Well, I bought it two days ago so I could watch TV while I was cooking for the family.
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That's why I just bought a nice small one.
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It could fit on the shelf next to the dining room door.
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Anyway, when I got it back and plugged it in, there was no response.
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Nothing at all.
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No lights, no sound, no buzz.
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And there are no electrical problems in that room?
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No, nothing.
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It isn't just me.
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My husband is very good with these things.
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And when he came back, he checked the plug, the fuse, the connections, everything.
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He couldn't work it out either.
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Hmm, that's very strange.
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Right then, I'll have a look at it.
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I'm actually not busy right now.
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I can finish it in about half an hour.
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Do you want to wait here or come back later today or tomorrow?
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I'll go to the supermarket across the road and get some shopping done and I'll come back in about an hour.
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Is that all right?
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Yes, I'll be able to tell you what's wrong by then.
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By the way, your job number is J25, but it doesn't matter as I'll be here when you get back.
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See you later then.
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Before the conversation continues, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 6 to 10.
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Hi there.
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All my shopping's done.
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Have you finished?
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Oh yes.
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It didn't take me long.
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It was actually the first thing that I checked out, so I had it all figured out in about five minutes.
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What was the problem then?
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It was a loose wire.
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It's amazing that this television even got through its tests.
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I suppose that nowadays not everything is tested properly, and they just assume that everything will be all right.
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With all the things that can go wrong, though, with bad connections, faulty chips, the screen dynamics and everything, it's amazing they all don't go wrong more often.
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So, what can you do about it?
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We can repair it by tomorrow, or we can just give you a new TV.
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We can send the old one back to our suppliers.
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That sounds best to me.
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I'll take a new one, please.
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Do you want the same model and everything?
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Yes, please.
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Oh dear.
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I'm afraid we don't have that one in right now, but we will be able to have it in tomorrow morning if that's okay.
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That's fine.
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And while I'm here, I want to get something else.
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It's my nephew's birthday next Thursday.
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What would you suggest?
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Well, we've got lots of things here, obviously.
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How old is he?
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Let's see.
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He's the same age as my own son.
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He's ten now and his birthday is next week.
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OK.
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We've got lots of computer games over there.
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We've got iPods in the corner if he likes music.
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He can download music from the internet onto his computer and then onto his iPod.
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There are lots of accessories for computers.
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He could need a new mouse, a wireless keyboard, a camera to use when he's chatting.
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There are lots of possibilities and it depends, of course, on how much you want to spend.
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I'm pretty sure he'd like a computer game.
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although i know he's got loads already i'll tell you what i'll go back
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and ask his father what would be best and i'll come back tomorrow
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and buy something while i'm picking up the new tv
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what sort of time shall i come tomorrow then we open
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at nine o 'clock in the morning i hope our other
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shop would be able to send the new telly over this afternoon they might only manage it tomorrow morning though
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so come over at about eleven i'll come an hour later at noon then as I'll be swimming at eleven.
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That's fine.
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I won't be here though at noon.
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I'm taking an early lunch then and I'll be back at one.
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Don't worry.
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I'm sure everything will be okay.
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Thanks very much.
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You're welcome, madam.
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Bye.
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Goodbye.
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That is the end of section one.
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You will now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Now turn to section 2.
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Section 2.
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You will hear a policeman giving a safety talk to new students at the University of Westleigh.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 15.
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Now listen carefully to the safety talk and answer questions 11 to 15.
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Good morning everyone and thank you for coming to this lecture on safety.
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This lecture is of course optional for all students at Westley University, but it has been laid on by your students' union to help you,
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and both the staff at Westley Police Station
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and the staff here at the University urge you to attend the other lectures like it
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and also to get your friends to come too.
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So, that's enough from me.
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I'd like to introduce you to Police Constable Fair from Westley
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Police Station who is going to give you some hints on keeping safe.
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PC Fair.
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Good morning ladies and gentlemen and thank you for allowing me to come here to talk to you.
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It really is a great idea for someone from the police force to come and talk to you, as it may save you time, money, and also it may help to protect you.
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I hope I don't sound condescending when I point out some ideas, as a lot of things really are just common sense.
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But it is often forgetting these common sense things that can lead to problems.
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First of all, the thing that students are most likely to suffer from, whether they are in digs or in hall, is theft.
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You hear a lot of terrible stories about muggings, rape and fraud, but these are not really that widespread, and we'll talk about some of those things later.
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Thieves know very well that student lodgings are a good place to find electronic goods, wallets and bags and the like, with little or no protection.
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So make sure that your room, house or flat is securely locked each time that you go out.
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Don't leave valuables in the open where they can be spotted from the window.
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See if you can get an extra lock on your window too.
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If possible, when you're out, try and leave your valuable things in a cupboard which has an extra lock on it.
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So much for theft prevention.
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If you do get burgled though, there are ways to protect yourself here too.
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Try and get household insurance.
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Make a valuables list of all the items that you own, including things like keys and bank cards.
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Estimate their value and take the list to any reputable high street insurance broker and get a quote for household insurance.
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This is not very expensive and it will give you peace of mind.
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Another thing you can do is to get an ultraviolet pen and write your name and address on all your valuables.
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This will not be able to be seen in normal light
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so your goods won't look any different but your goods will be forever marked as your property.
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Before the safety talk continues, you have some time to look at questions 16 to 20.
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Now listen to the rest of the safety talk and answer questions 16 to 20.
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now more seriously we must look at your personal safety this
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especially applies to women men of course are usually better able to protect themselves
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and are under less risk in any case
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first let's look at where you live again wherever you live you should make sure
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that your door is locked securely even when you're at home
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and even if you're not alone as people can leave your house without you knowing.
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So, in hall, lock that door at all times, especially at night.
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If you're in digs, keep the front door locked at all times and your own bedroom as well.
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If your bedroom has no lock, then get one put in.
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Get your landlord to do it.
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They usually will.
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It's a small price to pay for safety.
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Look at the windows in your house.
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Again, especially the ones in your bedroom.
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Make sure the window fastens securely and try to get an extra lock fitted.
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Keep curtains closed at night and also during the day too if you don't mind, so that people can't see in.
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Get a chain fitted to your front door too and always have the chain on when you're at home.
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If you see someone often hanging around near your home, then let someone know in your hall or the welfare office in the union will be able to advise you.
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We of course at the police station will always welcome you and we will never scoff at your worries.
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We will not laugh at you and we will take everything seriously.
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Next let's look at when you're away from your home and walking about the streets.
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Naturally you're more at risk at night
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but even in the daytime try to keep to busier areas
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which are well lit and always try to have someone with you when you're travelling on foot.
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At night, do the same, but be more careful about it.
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If you're leaving the union late at night, take advantage of the excellent minibus service that your union puts on for you for your safety.
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The minibus gives priority to women and it will take you to your door.
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There are two minibuses available every night, leaving at regular intervals.
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If there's not one available, wait in the queue until one arrives.
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They will get you home safely in the end.
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If you're not at the union and by yourself, try to get a taxi back rather than walk.
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I know it's more expensive, but it's worth the cost.
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I'm sure your parents would prefer you spending the extra money to make you safe.
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Also with taxis, always take a licensed taxi from a proper taxi rank or call a reputable company.
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Keep the number of a reputable company in your wallet and saved in your mobile, then you'll always have access to a Safeway home.
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I hope I haven't panicked you.
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Very few people do actually get attacked, but of course it does happen.
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By following these basic safety rules, you vastly reduce your chances of being a victim.
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The cardinal rule is don't be alone.
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Always have a friend with you if possible.
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That is the end of section 2.
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You'll now have half a minute to check your answers.
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now turn to section 3 section 3 you will hear a student
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and her tutor discussing an essay first you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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Come in.
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Ah, good morning, Rachel.
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Have you come to talk about your extended essay?
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That's right, Dr Jones.
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Have I come at a bad time?
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No, not at all.
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This is a good time, in fact.
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Good, because I wanted to ask you what you thought about my decision on the subject.
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Yes, you initially wanted to write about working conditions in 19th century factories,
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but you were later contemplating looking at the conditions inside hospitals in 19th century northern towns.
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That's right.
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I thought about it for a long time, and weighed up the pros and cons, and I didn't decide for ages.
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Well, I think you were right to stick with your first idea.
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There's so many better sources available on the subject.
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There are plenty of articles in magazines and the odd TV and radio programme on the other subjects, but everything is rather superficial.
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There's no real academic knowledge to draw on.
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Yes, I found that out.
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I found lots of books, but nothing really to help me, even on the internet.
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In the end, when I decided on my first choice topic, I found lots of really good stuff in magazines, books and the internet.
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Particularly one book, which is the major reference that you'll see quoted all over the place.
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Well, I'm glad you came to that decision.
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Let's have a look at that essay now.
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What did you think?
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I've spent ages on it, but I'm only about 80 % happy with it.
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Well, I wouldn't be too down about it.
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I think most of it is pretty good.
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I like the introduction, which really set out your ideas clearly.
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The middle needs some attention, but the end was really first rate.
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What are the areas that need more work, then?
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The main problem lies with your analysis of the statistics.
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You quote all the right numbers and you've got lots of fine tables and everything,
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but you need to look more closely at what the numbers mean and what implications they hold.
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Look at them again and try and explain more clearly the important parts.
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After that, you need to have a look at your bibliography, which is a bit shoddy.
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Yes, I was afraid of that.
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I always think that once I've finished the essay, then I'm done, and so I don't put enough care into things like the bibliography.
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Still, I've plenty of time to get that and the other stuff sorted out.
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You've plenty of time, but don't leave it until the last minute, because you'll need to check it all again carefully when you're finished,
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and it would be a good idea if I looked over it again before its final submission.
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The deadline is the 28th of April, so shall I get it to you on the 24th?
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Will that be okay?
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Well, that won't leave you much time to change anything if I find anything else to do.
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How about a few days earlier than that?
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The 21st of April?
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I'll be able to get it back to you the day after on the 22nd then.
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That sounds great.
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Thank you.
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You now have some time to look at questions 27 to 30.
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Now listen to the rest of the discussion and answer questions 27 to 30.
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I'd also like to ask you about that presentation that I have to give next month.
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Yes, what's the problem?
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Well, I've started work on it as I want to do a good job, but I can't seem to find much information on the subject in the library.
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OK.
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I'll jot down some ideas for you then.
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What subject are you presenting again?
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The Three Cs of the Great Reform Act in England in 1832.
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Ah, yes, The Causes, Course and Consequences.
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Well, there should be plenty of material in the library on that, as it's such an important subject.
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Well, there should be, but it looks as though some first years are doing an essay on it, and so most of the books are out.
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I also don't want the run -of -the -mill books.
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I want my presentation to be a bit more in -depth.
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The best book for you would be Great Nineteenth Century Reform by Mark Needham.
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That book you can't take out.
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It's in the reference section only.
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You'll have to read it actually in the library itself.
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Then there was a great article in History Monthly on the Great Reform Act by Jim Wood.
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The issue was August 2003, I think.
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You'll find it in the library stack system.
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That's great.
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Anything else?
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Yes, there's another really good book on the subject that looks at the whole thing from a slightly different point of view.
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I remember when it came out, it ruffled a few feathers.
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It's called Political Reform and it's by Rob Jenkins.
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The thing is, though, that I know our library hasn't got it.
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As you're preparing so far in advance, though, you'll be able to order it through Interlibrary Loan.
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Just go to the library reception and they'll give you the forms to fill out.
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It'll come in about a week, I expect.
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OK, I'll do that straight away.
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Finally, there's the book, Reform and the Nineteenth Century, which I actually wrote.
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The library used to have a copy, but it's been lost, I think.
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I've got a copy at home, so I'll bring it in tomorrow.
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If you pop in tomorrow morning sometime, I'll let you borrow it for a week or so.
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Oh, that's fantastic.
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I didn't know you were an author, Dr. Jones.
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Yes, I've done a few things.
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You'd better not lose it or spill coffee on it or anything, though.
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I'll take very good care of it.
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I promise you.
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I know you will, or I wouldn't lend it to you.
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So I'll see you tomorrow, then.
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Yes, thanks again.
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See you tomorrow.
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Bye.
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Bye.
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That is the end of section 3.
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You'll now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Now turn to section 4.
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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a food science lecture.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 36.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 36.
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Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to this food science lecture.
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Today, we're going to look at a foodstuff I'm sure we all recognize and use, garlic.
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We will explore a little of its history and examine some of the many different ways it's been used over time.
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All around the world, for over 4 ,000 years, garlic has held many important roles in daily human life.
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It's been taken therapeutically and nutritionally.
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Folklore attributes garlic with good luck, and with protection against evil.
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Its smell has been said to ward off sorcerers, werewolves, warlocks, and of course, vampires.
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Although it's not certain when garlic was first discovered, it was probably dispersed by nomadic humans several thousand years ago.
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Garlic is originally indigenous to the desert region of Siberia.
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In this region, the summers are dry and hot, and there's very little precipitation.
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In order for the wild garlic plant to survive, it had to adapt to this harsh climate.
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Garlic had to grow when there was moisture, in the spring and fall,
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and it also had to be able to survive without water for the exceptionally dry summer and winter months.
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Garlic adapted to its environment, so that the growing cycle began in the fall to take advantage of the available precipitation.
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When the cold winters or the hot dry summers arrived, it became dormant.
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The cloves of the garlic plant store large amounts of food, which enable it to withstand long durations of dormancy.
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When the spring rains arrive, the plant can continue on its growth process.
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A healthy root system with relatively small leaves is a key to the survival of the plant.
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These traits make garlic a very hearty plant, capable of growing in poor soil in harsh climates with little or no care.
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Once discovered by humans, it's no wonder that garlic quickly became a staple crop of almost every civilization in the world.
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An Egyptian papyrus from 1500 BC recommends garlic for 22 ailments.
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The Egyptians fed it to slaves building the pyramids to increase their stamina, and during the building of the Great Pyramid,
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the construction workers lived on a diet consisting primarily of onion and garlic.
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When the workers were deprived of their ration of garlic, it caused work stoppages.
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Garlic was so valuable to the Egyptians that 15 pounds of garlic would purchase a healthy male slave.
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Ancient Egyptians worshipped garlic as a god, and its name was often invoked at oath takings.
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In ancient Greece and Rome, it was claimed to have more uses, everything from repelling scorpions, to treating dog bites and bladder infections,
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to curing leprosy and asthma.
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Chinese scholars mentioned garlic in Sanskrit writings as early as 3000 BC
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Garlic was so prized in ceremony and ritual it's said
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that lambs offered for sacrifice in China were seasoned with garlic to make them more pleasing to the gods
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Crusaders returning to Europe after faraway battles are generally credited with bringing garlic back with them to Europe and there,
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in the Middle Ages, it was thought to prevent the plague.
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You now have some time to look at questions 37 to 40.
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Now listen to the rest of the lecture and answer questions 37 to 40.
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Modern research has confirmed the health benefits of garlic that our ancestors believed in.
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Garlic may even prevent cancer because it contains vitamins such as C,
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A and B, which stimulate the immune system to eliminate toxins and combat carcinogens.
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Research in 1858 by Louis Pasteur documented that garlic also kills bacteria.
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During World War II, when penicillin and sulfur drugs were scarce,
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garlic was used as an antiseptic to disinfect open wounds and prevent gangrene.
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The properties responsible for these medicinal effects are not clearly understood could.
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Recent research identifies hundreds of volatile sulfur compounds in the herb.
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For this reason, it may also become a valuable treatment for AIDS.
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A study in China showed that people with the highest levels of dietary garlic have a reduced risk of stomach cancer.
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It can also kill 60 types of fungi and yeast, among them the common cause of athlete's foot.
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Japanese scientists test its effects on patients with lumbago and arthritis.
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Experts are split on the recommended daily amount of dietary garlic, from 1 to 10 cloves.
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However, most agree that fresh garlic is better than in supplement form.
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How garlic is prepared also affects how it can be used.
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When the clove is cut or crushed, an enzyme contained within the plant cells combines with an amino acid.
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This creates a new compound called allicin, which has been shown to kill 23 types of bacteria,
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including Salmonella and Staphylococcus.
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When garlic is heated, a different compound is formed that can prevent arteries from clogging and reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
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The blood thinning quality of garlic may also be helpful in preventing heart attacks and strokes.
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India doctors have long pointed to studies that demonstrate garlic has a preventative effect on the development of arteriosclerosis,
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thrombosis and hypertension.
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Now let's look at some other things.
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And what's your phone number?
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My home number is 01748524965 and my mobile number is 07745276145.
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Okay, got that.
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Now, did you still have the receipt for the television?
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Yes, it's right here.
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Let's have a look.
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Right, so you bought it on the 5th of June, that's two days ago, so what exactly is wrong with the TV?
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Well, I bought it two days ago so I could watch TV while I was cooking for the family.
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That's why I just bought a nice small one.
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It could fit on the shelf next to the dining room door.
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Anyway, when I got it back and plugged it in, there was no response.
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Nothing at all.
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No lights, no sound, no buzz.
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and there are no electrical problems in
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that room no nothing it isn't just me my husband is very good with these things and
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when he came back he checked the plug the fuse the
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connections everything he couldn't work it out either hmm that's very
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strange right then i'll have a look at it i'm actually
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not busy right now i can finish it in about half an hour do you want to wait here
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or come back later today or tomorrow.
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I'll go to the supermarket across the road and get some shopping done, and I'll come back in about an hour.
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Is that all right?
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Oh yes, it didn't take me long.
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It was actually the first thing that I checked out, so I had it all figured out in about five minutes.
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What was the problem then?
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It was a loose wire.
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It's amazing that this television even got through its tests.
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Fine.
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And while I'm here, I want to get something else.
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It's my nephew's birthday next Thursday.
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What would you suggest?
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Well, we've got lots of things here obviously.
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How old is he?
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Let's see.
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He's the same age as my own son.
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He's 10 now and his birthday is next week.
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Okay.
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We've got lots of computer games over there.
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We've got iPods in the corner if he likes music.
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He can download music from the internet onto his computer and then onto his iPod.
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There are lots of accessories for computers.
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He could need a new mouse, a wireless keyboard, a camera to use when he's chatting.
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There are lots of possibilities and it depends of course on how much you want to spend.
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I'm pretty sure he'd like a computer game, although I know he's got loads already.
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I'll tell you what.
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I'll go back and ask his father what would be best
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and I'll come back tomorrow and buy something while I'm picking up the new TV.
404
What sort of time shall I come tomorrow then?
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We open at nine o 'clock in the morning.
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I'd hope our other shop would be able to send the new telly over this afternoon.
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They might only manage it tomorrow morning, though, so come over at about 11.
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I'll come an hour later at noon, then, as I'll be swimming at 11.
409
That's fine.
410
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for coming to this lecture on safety.
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This lecture is, of course, optional for all students at Westley University, but it has been laid on by your students' union to help you,
412
and both the staff at Westley Police Station
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and the staff here at the university urge you to attend the other lectures like it
414
and also to get your friends to come too.
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So, that's enough from me.
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I'd like to introduce you to Police Constable Fair from Wesley
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Police Station who is going to give you some hints on keeping safe.
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PC Fair.
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Good morning ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for allowing me to come here to talk to you.
420
It really is a great idea for someone from the police force to come
421
and talk to you as it may save you time, money, and also it may help to protect you.
422
I hope I don't sound condescending when I point out some ideas, as a lot of things really are just common sense,
423
but it is often forgetting these common sense things that can lead to problems.
424
First of all, the thing that students are most likely to suffer from, whether they are in digs or in hall is theft.
425
You hear a lot of terrible stories about muggings, rape and fraud but these are not really that widespread and we'll talk about some of those things later.
426
Thieves know very well that student lodgings are a good place to find electronic goods, wallets and bags and the like with little or no protection.
427
So make sure that your room, house or flat is securely locked each time that you go out.
428
Don't leave valuables in the open where they can be spotted from the window.
429
See if you can get an extra lock on your window too.
430
If possible, when you're out, try and leave your valuable things in a cupboard which has an extra lock on it.
431
So much for theft prevention.
432
If you do get burgled though, there are ways to protect yourself here too.
433
Try and get household insurance.
434
Make a valuables list of all the items that you own, including things like keys and bank cards.
435
Estimate their value and take the list to any reputable high street insurance broker and get a quote for household insurance.
436
This is not very expensive and it will give you peace of mind.
437
Another thing you can do is to get an ultraviolet pen and write your name and address on all your valuables.
438
Now more seriously we must look at your personal safety.
439
This especially applies to women.
440
Men of course are usually better able to protect themselves and are under less risk in any case.
441
First let's look at where you live.
442
Again wherever you live you should make sure
443
that your door is locked securely even when you're at home
444
and even if you're not alone as people can leave your house without you knowing.
445
So in hall lock that door at all times especially at night.
446
If you're in digs keep the front door locked at all times and your own bedroom as well.
447
If your bedroom has no lock then get one put in.
448
Get your landlord to do it, they usually will.
449
It's a small price to pay for safety.
450
Look at the windows in your house, again especially the ones in your bedroom.
451
Make sure the window fastens securely and try to get an extra lock fitted.
452
Keep curtains closed at night and also during the day too if you don't mind so that people can't see in.
453
Get a chain fitted to your front door too and always have the chain on when you're at home.
454
If you see someone often hanging around near your home then let someone know in your hall
455
or the welfare office in the union will be able to advise you.
456
We of course at the police station will always welcome you and we will never scoff at your worries.
457
We will not laugh at you and we will take everything seriously.
458
Next, let's look at when you're away from your home and walking about the streets.
459
Naturally, you're more at risk at night, but even in the daytime, try to keep to busier areas which are well lit, and always try to have someone with you when you're travelling on foot.
460
At night, do the same, but be more careful about it.
461
If you're leaving the union late at night, take advantage of the excellent minibus service that your union puts on for you for your safety.
462
The minibus gives priority to women and it will take you to your door.
463
There are two minibuses available every night, leaving at regular intervals.
464
If there's not one available, wait in the queue until one arrives.
465
They will get you home safely in the end.
466
If you're not at the Union and by yourself, try to get a taxi back rather than walk.
467
I know it's more expensive, but it's worth the cost.
468
I'm sure your parents would prefer you spending the extra money to make you safe.
469
Also with taxis, always take a licensed taxi from a proper taxi rank or call a reputable company.
470
Keep the number of a reputable company in your wallet and saved in your mobile.
471
Then you'll always have access to a Safeway home.
472
I hope I haven't panicked you.
473
Very few people do actually get attacked, but of course it does happen.
474
By following these basic safety rules, you vastly reduce your chances of being a victim.
475
The cardinal rule is don't be alone.
476
Always have a friend with you if possible.
477
Ah, good morning, Rachel.
478
Have you come to talk about your extended essay?
479
That's right, Dr Jones.
480
Have I come at a bad time?
481
No, not at all.
482
This is a good time, in fact.
483
Good, because I wanted to ask you what you thought about my decision on the subject.
484
Yes, you initially wanted to write about working conditions in 19th century factories,
485
but you were later contemplating looking at the conditions inside hospitals in 19th century northern towns.
486
That's right.
487
I thought about it for a long time and weighed up the pros and cons, and I didn't decide for ages.
488
Well, I think you were right to stick with your first idea.
489
There's so many better sources available on the subject.
490
There are plenty of articles in magazines and the odd TV and radio programme on the other subjects, but everything is rather superficial.
491
There's no real academic knowledge to draw on.
492
Yes, I found that out.
493
I found lots of books, but nothing really to help me, even on the internet.
494
In the end, when I decided on my first choice topic, I found lots of really good stuff in magazines, books and the internet.
495
Particularly one book, which is the major reference that you'll see quoted all over the place.
496
Well, I'm glad you came to that decision.
497
Let's have a look at that essay now.
498
What did you think?
499
I've spent ages on it, but I'm only about 80 % happy with it.
500
Well, I wouldn't be too down about it.
501
I think most of it is pretty good.
502
I like the introduction, which really set out your ideas clearly.
503
The middle needs some attention, but the end was really first rate.
504
What are the areas that need more work, then?
505
The main problem lies with your analysis of the statistics.
506
You quote all the right numbers and you've got lots of fine tables and everything,
507
but you need to look more closely at what the numbers mean and what implications they hold.
508
Look at them again and try and explain more clearly the important parts.
509
After that, you need to have a look at your bibliography, which is a bit shoddy.
510
Yes, I was afraid of that.
511
I always think that once I've finished the essay, then I'm done, and so I don't put enough care into things like the bibliography.
512
Still, I've plenty of time to get that and the other stuff sorted out.
513
You've plenty of time, but don't leave it until the last minute, because you'll need to check it all again carefully when you're finished,
514
and it would be a good idea if I looked over it again before its final submission.
515
The deadline is the 28th of April, so shall I get it to you on the 24th?
516
Will that be okay?
517
The best book for you would be Great 19th Century Reform by Mark Needham.
518
That book you can't take out.
519
It's in the reference section only.
520
You'll have to read it actually in the library itself.
521
Then there was a great article in History Monthly on the Great Reform Act by Jim Wood.
522
The issue was August 2003, I think.
523
You'll find it in the library stack system.
524
That's great.
525
Anything else?
526
Yes, there's another really good book on the subject that looks at the whole thing from a slightly different point of view.
527
I remember when it came out, it ruffled a few feathers.
528
It's called Political Reform and it's by Rob Jenkins.
529
The thing is, though, that I know our library hasn't got it.
530
As you're preparing so far in advance, though, you'll be able to order it through Interlibrary Loan.
531
Just go to the library reception and they'll give you the forms to fill out.
532
It'll come in about a week, I expect.
533
OK, I'll do that straight away.
534
Finally, there's the book, Reform and the Nineteenth Century, which I actually wrote.
535
The library used to have a copy, but it's been lost, I think.
536
I've got a copy at home, so I'll bring it in tomorrow.
537
If you pop in tomorrow morning sometime, I'll let you borrow it for a week or so.
538
Oh, that's fantastic.
539
I didn't know you were an author, Dr. Jones.
540
Yes, I've done a few things.
541
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to this food science lecture.
542
Today, we're going to look at a foodstuff I'm sure we all recognise and use, garlic.
543
We will explore a little of its history and examine some of the many different ways it's been used over time.
544
All around the world, for over 4 ,000 years, garlic has held many important roles in daily human life.
545
It's been taken therapeutically and nutritionally.
546
Folklore attributes garlic with good luck, and with protection against evil.
547
Its smell has been said to ward off sorcerers, werewolves, warlocks, and of course, vampires.
548
Although it's not certain when garlic was first discovered, it was probably dispersed by nomadic humans several thousand years ago.
549
Garlic is originally indigenous to the desert region of Siberia.
550
In this region, the summers are dry and hot, and there's very little precipitation.
551
In order for the wild garlic plant to survive, it had to adapt to this harsh climate.
552
Garlic had to grow when there was moisture, in the spring and fall,
553
and it also had to be able to survive without water for the exceptionally dry summer and winter months.
554
Garlic adapted to its environment, so that the growing cycle began in the fall to take advantage of the available precipitation.
555
When the cold winters or the hot dry summers arrived, it became dormant.
556
The cloves of the garlic plant store large amounts of food, which enable it to withstand long durations of dormancy.
557
When the spring rains arrive, the plant can continue on its growth process.
558
A healthy root system with relatively small leaves is a key to the survival of the plant.
559
These traits make garlic a very hearty plant, capable of growing in poor soil in harsh climates with little or no care.
560
Once discovered by humans, it's no wonder that garlic quickly became a staple crop of almost every civilization in the world.
561
An Egyptian papyrus from 1500 BC recommends garlic for 22 ailments.
562
The Egyptians fed it to slaves building the pyramids to increase their stamina, and during the building of the Great Pyramid,
563
the construction workers lived on a diet consisting primarily of onion and garlic.
564
When the workers were deprived of their ration of garlic, it caused work stoppages.
565
Garlic was so valuable to the Egyptians that 15 pounds of garlic would purchase a healthy male slave.
566
Ancient Egyptians worshipped garlic as a god, and its name was often invoked at oath takings.
567
In ancient Greece and Rome, it was claimed to have more uses, everything from repelling scorpions, to treating dog bites and bladder infections,
568
to curing leprosy and asthma.
569
Chinese scholars mentioned garlic in Sanskrit writings as early as 3000 BC
570
Garlic was so prized in ceremony and ritual it's said
571
that lambs offered for sacrifice in China were seasoned with garlic to make them more pleasing to the gods
572
Crusaders returning to Europe after faraway battles are generally credited with bringing garlic back with them to Europe And there,
573
in the Middle Ages, it was thought to prevent the plague.
574
Modern research has confirmed the health benefits of garlic that our ancestors believed in.
575
Garlic may even prevent cancer because it contains vitamins such as C,
576
A, and B, which stimulate the immune system to eliminate toxins and combat carcinogens.
577
Research in 1858 by Louis Pasteur documented that garlic also kills bacteria During World War II,
578
when penicillin and sulfur drugs were scarce garlic was used as an antiseptic to disinfect open wounds and prevent gangrene
579
The properties responsible for these medicinal effects are not clearly understood Recent research identifies hundreds of volatile sulfur compounds in the herb.
580
For this reason, it may also become a valuable treatment for AIDS.
581
A study in China showed that people with the highest levels of dietary garlic have a reduced for risk of stomach cancer.
582
It can also kill 60 types of fungi and yeast, among them the common cause of athlete's foot.
583
Japanese scientists test its effects on patients with lumbago and arthritis.
584
Experts are split on the recommended daily amount of dietary garlic, from 1 to 10 cloves.
585
However, most agree that fresh garlic is better than in supplement form.
586
How garlic is prepared also affects how it can be used.
587
When the clove is cut or crushed, an enzyme contained within the plant cells combines with an amino acid.
588
This creates a new compound called allicin, which has been shown to kill 23 types of bacteria,
589
including Salmonella and Staphylococcus.
590
When garlic is heated, a different compound is formed that can prevent arteries from clogging and reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels
591
The blood -thinning quality of garlic may also be helpful in preventing heart attacks and strokes
592
India doctors have long pointed to studies that demonstrate garlic has a preventative effect on the development of arteriosclerosis thrombosis and hypertension.
593
That is the end of section four.
594
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
595
More listening tests will be continued and keep practicing.
596
That is the end of the listening test.
597
You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 597 वाक्य और 7018 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 52:21 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 134 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। 84% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| garlic संज्ञा | /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/ | लहसुन |
| lecture संज्ञा | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | लेक्चर |
| essay संज्ञा | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | निबंध |
| bedroom संज्ञा | /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ | शयनकक्ष, ख़्वाबगाह |
| taxi संज्ञा | /ˈtæksi/ | टैक्सी, टेक्सी |
| compound संज्ञा | /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ | मिश्रण |
| arrive क्रिया | /əˈɹaɪv/ | पहुँचना, आना |
| slave संज्ञा | /sleɪv/ | दास, ग़ुलाम |
| gentleman संज्ञा | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/ | सज्जन |
| harsh विशेषण | /ˈhɑɹʃ/ | क्रूर |
| theft संज्ञा | /θɛft/ | चोरी |
| noon संज्ञा | /nun/ | दोपहर |
| madam संज्ञा | /ˈmædəm/ | महोदया, साहिबा |
| topic संज्ञा | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | प्रसंग, विषय |
| acid संज्ञा | /ˈæsɪd/ | अम्ल, एसिड |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| come back क्रिया | वापस आना | |
| fill out क्रिया | /fɪl ˈaʊt/ | भरना |
| go out क्रिया | बाहर निकलना, निकलना | |
| pick up क्रिया | उठाना | |
| sort out क्रिया | ठीक करना |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + क्रिया — बीती आदत या स्थिति जो अब नहीं है | used to have |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | Have you finished · has been laid · haven't panicked |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | will be continued · will be played · is not played |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | cupboard which has · book, which is · bibliography, which is |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 174 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'll, you're, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: theft /θɛft/, oath /ˈoʊθ/, thief /ˈθiːf/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/, precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn̩/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: bibliography /bɪbliˈɒɡɹəfi/, precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn̩/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, primarily /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.ɹə.li/, ceremony /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर garlic, lecture, essay जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।