शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Firefox and Tor hit with 9.8 critical level exploit - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

Last week, we talked about a major exploit discovered in the Chromium-based Arc browser, and all the smart people in the comments were like, thank god I use Firefox.

Unfortunately, the turns have tabled, and now another 9.8 critical vulnerability has crashed into a second browser, this time Firefox.

And this time, it's been actively exploited in the wild.

Now, before you go in the comments and say, thank god I use Tor, it even affects everybody out there doing totally not illegal stuff on the Tor browser, which itself is Firefox-based.

This time, though, it wasn't a silly mistake involving a misconfigured Firebase security rule, but rather a used-after-free flaw on their implementation of the CSS animation timeline property.

They left a pointer dangling, which is far more difficult to detect and audit, and in this case could be used by bad guys to take full control of your browser with remote code execution.

If you're running one of these Firefox versions, you're probably already dead, but if not, you'll want to update immediately.

In today's video, you'll learn all about the interesting and terrifying world of use-after-free exploits.

It is October 15th, 2024, and you're watching the Code Report.

Before we get started, though, I have some other bad news for internet browser users, specifically those on Chrome using uBlock Origin, or any other ad blocker for that matter.

We all knew this day was coming, but shots were fired yesterday when this ominous message appeared on the plugin's install page, warning users that uBlock's execution date is drawing near.

Now, this is all part of a grand conspiracy to get you to watch ads and be happy, and Google is achieving that by updating the manifest for plugins from version 2 to version 3,

which eliminates the web request API where plugins can see all the incoming network requests

so they can block all the garbage from known ad servers.

I made a video on this a while ago if you want all the details, but now let's get back to Firefox.

Slovakian company ESET has been credited with discovering and reporting the vulnerability.

Where an attacker is able to achieve code execution by exploiting a use after free flaw in the CSS animation timeline.

I use the animation timeline all the time to create scroll animations on websites that nobody asked for, and never would have expected it to be an attack vector.

But to understand why this is so bad, we need to understand what use after free actually means.

Exploits like this have affected all the other browsers, including Chrome and Safari, and useAfterFree was even responsible for the iOS jailbreak of 2019.

The Firefox browser is free and open source, but you won't find it on GitHub.

Its code is actually self-hosted and uses Mercurial for version control.

It's primarily written in C++, although more and more of its code is now being written in Rust, a language that was created by a software engineer at Mozilla.

Firefox itself contains over 30 million lines of code, because building a browser is extremely complex.

At a high level, here's how a use-after-free flaw could be introduced.

In the C code, let's imagine we need to allocate some memory for a value.

To achieve that, we create a pointer and then use malloc to allocate memory for it.

From there we can assign a value to it and use it in our program to do something useful, like in the case of Firefox, render an animation.

At some later point, when we no longer need that memory, we'll want to deallocate it with free.

But now we have a problem called a dangling pointer.

The memory is free, but the pointer itself still exists and is now being used in our code with undefined behavior.

If an attacker can figure out how to get some malicious code into that memory, it can cause the program to crash, or even worse, remote code execution.

Now, this could be easily fixed by setting the pointer to null or a different object, but in the case of Firefox, the issue is likely a lot more complex and above my pay grade.

It's still being analyzed, so there's not a ton of detail, but Mozilla stated that they have had reports of the vulnerability being exploited in the wild.

The good news, though, is that it's completely fixed, and it doesn't appear anything catastrophic has happened.

In addition, if you're using the anonymous Tor browser, an attacker could take control of your browser, but probably not totally de-anonymize you, assuming you're on Tails OS,

which recently merged with the Tor browser as one project.

Now, another browser that was affected by all this is Zen, which is an awesome open source project based on Firefox.

They quickly update it to the fixed version, but it just goes to show how one little flaw can affect a lot of downstream projects.

But if your goal is to write robust, bulletproof code, you'll need to start with computer science fundamentals.

And you can start doing that today for free thanks to this video's sponsor, Brilliant.

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This has been the Code Report, thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.

📺 उसी चैनल से

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Firefox and Tor hit with 9.8 critical level exploit” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: code, browser, Firefox, pointer, animation। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 47 वाक्य और 991 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:27 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 223 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। केवल 80% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 13 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्द	उच्चारण	अर्थ
animation संज्ञा	/ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/	एनिमेशन
attacker संज्ञा	/əˈtækɚ/	आक्रमणकारी
allocate क्रिया	/ˈæl.ə.keɪt/	आवंटन करना, आवंटित करना
assign क्रिया	/əˈsaɪn/	निर्दिष्ट, आवंटित करना
malicious विशेषण	/məˈlɪʃəs/	द्वेषी
manifest संज्ञा	/ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/	घोषणापत्र
analyze क्रिया	/ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/	विश्लेषण करना
scroll संज्ञा	/skɹoʊl/	पुस्तक
vector संज्ञा	/ˈvɛktɚ/	सदिश
subscription संज्ञा	/səbˈskɹɪpʃən/	सदस्यता
mathematics संज्ञा	/mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/	गणित, गणित-विधा
anonymous विशेषण	/əˈnɒn.ə.məs/	अनाम, अज्ञात
garbage संज्ञा	/ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/	कचरा, कूड़ा

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	were fired · has been credited · being written
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	have tabled · has been credited · have affected
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	dangling, which is · Zen, which is

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 13 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे you're, you'll, doesn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, malicious /məˈlɪʃəs/, subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, deallocate /diːˈæləkeɪt/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

/v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, vector /ˈvɛktɚ/
/z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/
शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: scroll /skɹoʊl/, sponsor /ˈspɒn.səː/, scan /skæn/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर animation, attacker, allocate जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Firefox and Tor hit with 9.8 critical level exploit - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?