शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How to overcome your mistakes - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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In a 2019 study, over 400 participants were enlisted to learn a mysterious, invented language.
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In a 2019 study, over 400 participants were enlisted to learn a mysterious, invented language.
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Individuals were asked about three pairs of runes.
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For example, which of these two characters represents an animal?
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Then, after a brief break,
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they were asked about the same rune pairs, with questions flipped.
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As in, which of these two runes represents a non-living object?
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But this game had a secret.
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The subject's answers in round one determined the rune's meanings in round two.
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In the first round, participants either had all their answers marked as correct,
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no matter what, or they were forced to fail every question.
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This meant that at the break,
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every participant had the same amount of information.
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And in round two, they were playing for real.
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But despite this even playing field,
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the successful participants from round one rose to the top of the ranks,
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while those cast as failures kept, well, failing.
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People often describe failure as a teachable moment,
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a necessary stumble on our way to improvement.
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But learning from our mistakes isn't always easy,
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especially when those failures are demoralizing,
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overwhelming, or just downright confusing.
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So what exactly prevents us from turning our mistakes into mastery?
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Perhaps the most obvious hurdle to learning from failure is how painful it can be.
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People generally want to think of themselves as capable and competent,
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and experiencing failure threatens that self-image.
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In a survey following a replication of the RUNES study,
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participants in the failure group indicated much lower levels of self-confidence after participating.
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It's tempting to dismiss this pain as a temporary setback,
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but some studies have found that when people feel demoralized or incompetent,
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their brains often stop processing new information.
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This suggests that if a threat to your self-esteem is large enough,
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it can undermine your ability to learn.
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However, your tolerance for failure also depends on your relationship with the task at hand.
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In a study from 2011,
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researchers surveyed a group of American students enrolled in introductory and advanced French courses.
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These students completed a questionnaire asking what kind of teacher they preferred,
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one who emphasized their strengths and successes,
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or one who highlighted their mistakes and corrected their weaknesses.
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In general, responses showed that while beginner students sought positive reinforcement,
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advanced students were more eager for critical feedback.
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Researchers have theorized a handful of explanations for these results.
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Having just started out, beginners are still determining if they enjoy learning French,
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and if they want to continue studying.
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So they might crave praise as a way to stay motivated.
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On the other hand, the advanced students are already invested,
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so they may want to improve their skills as efficiently as possible.
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The process of gaining expertise also comes with its fair share of failure,
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so the advanced students may have built a higher tolerance for making mistakes.
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But whether you're an expert or a novice,
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it's usually much more straightforward to learn from your successes than your failures.
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For example, imagine getting your grade back on an exam.
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If you aced it, you could reasonably assume you made good choices around when,
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what, and how much to study,
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and you can replicate those decisions for the next test.
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But if you failed, it could be for any number of reasons.
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Maybe you didn't study enough.
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Maybe you studied the wrong information.
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Or maybe you did everything right and the test covered things you shouldn't have been expected to know.
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In cases like this, it's unclear exactly what went wrong,
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making it difficult to learn how to improve.
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Wanting to learn from our failures is completely natural,
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and there's a lot to gain by being resilient and cultivating a growth mindset.
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But fixating on your failures can make it easy to forget all your successes.
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And building on what you're doing right can be more effective than focusing on what you did wrong.
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One of the ways we can be more constructive with ourselves is by considering how we talk to ourselves.
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Self-talk can actually play a major role in performance.
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Learn the key to doing it right with this video.
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Or get actionable, science-based advice on how to build character at ed.ted.com slash build character.
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इस पाठ के बारे में
इस वीडियो का उद्देश्य दर्शकों को उनके गलतियों से सीखने के महत्व और इसे कैसे एक प्रभावी तरीका बना सकते हैं, पर केंद्रित है। वीडियो में एक अध्ययन का उदाहरण दिया गया है जिसमें प्रतिभागियों को एक अनजान भाषा के सरल नियमों को सीखने के लिए कहा गया। इससे यह स्पष्ट होता है कि हमारी गलतियों से सीखने की प्रक्रिया में डर और असुरक्षा कितनी बड़ी बाधाएं बन सकती हैं। इस पाठ में, आप अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास कर सकेंगे, विशेषकर उन वाक्यांशों और व्याकरणिक पैटर्नों पर जो आपकी बोलने की दक्षता को सुधारेगा। आप शैडोइंग तकनीक का उपयोग करके अपने उच्चारण और प्रवाह में निखार ला सकेंगे।
महत्वपूर्ण शब्दावली और वाक्यांश
- Capable and competent (क्षमताशील और योग्य) - व्यक्ति की आत्म-छवि को दर्शाने वाला ये शब्द उन क्षमताओं का उल्लेख करता है जो किसी को कार्य में सफल बनाती हैं।
- Teachable moment (सीखने का क्षण) - वह क्षण जब कोई असफलता या चुनौती सीखने का अवसर प्रस्तुत करती है।
- Demoralizing (नैतिक रूप से कमजोर करना) - जब कोई असफलता आत्मविश्वास को कम कर देती है।
- Growth mindset (विकासशील मानसिकता) - सकारात्मक सोच और सुधार के प्रति खुलापन रखने की प्रवृत्ति।
- Resilience (लचीलापन) - कठिनाइयों का सामना करने की क्षमता और उनमें से सीखने का साहस।
इस वीडियो के लिए अभ्यास टिप्स
वीडियो की सामग्री को समझते हुए, आप अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास करने के लिए निम्नलिखित सुझावों का पालन कर सकते हैं:
- शैडोइंग तकनीक का प्रयोग करें: वीडियो को सुनें और उसके बाद बोलें, जिससे आपका उच्चारण और शब्दों का प्रवाह बेहतर हो सके।
- बोलने की गति पर ध्यान दें: अपने शब्दों को धीरे-धीरे बोलें ताकि आप सही उच्चारण कर सकें।
- विभिन्न विषयों पर चर्चा करें: वीडियो में दिए गए विषय के अलावा अन्य विषयों पर भी बोलने का प्रयास करें, ताकि आपकी बोलने की क्षमता में विविधता आए।
- असफलता से न डरे: अगर आप गलती करते हैं तो उसे सीखने के एक अवसर के रूप में देखें, इससे आपका आत्मविश्वास बढ़ेगा।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।
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