शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Matilda - By Roald Dahl: Chapters 1 - 3 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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1
Hello everybody!
2
Today the Bookworms are going to be reading the first few chapters of Matilda by Roald Dahl and illustrated by Quentin Blake.
3
It's a funny thing about mothers and fathers.
4
Even when their own child is the most disgusting little blister you could ever imagine, they still think that he or she is wonderful.
5
Some parents go further.
6
They become so blinded by adoration, they manage to convince themselves their child has qualities of genius.
7
Well, there is nothing very wrong with all this.
8
It's the way of the world.
9
It is only when the parents begin telling us about the brilliance of their own revolting offspring that we start shouting, Bring us a basin!
10
We're going to be sick!
11
School teachers suffer a good deal from having to listen to this sort of twaddle from proud parents, but they usually get their own back when the time comes to write the end-of-term reports.
12
If I were a teacher, I would cook up some real scorchers for the children of dotting parents.
13
Your son, Maximilian, I would write, is a total washout.
14
I hope you have a family business you can push him into when he leaves school, because he sure as heck won't get a job anywhere else.
15
Or if I were feeling lyrical that day, I might write, It is a curious truth that grasshoppers have their hearing organs in the sides of the abdomen.
16
Your daughter, Vanessa, judging by what she's learned in this term, has no hearing organs at all.
17
I might even delve deeper into natural history and say, The periodic cicada spends six years as a grub underground,
18
and no more than six days as a free creature of sunlight and air.
19
Your son Wilfred has spent six years as a grub in this school, and we are still waiting for him to emerge from the chrysalis.
20
A particularly poisonous little girl might sting me into saying, Fiona has the same glacial beauty as an iceberg,
21
but unlike the iceberg, she has absolutely nothing below the surface.
22
I think I might enjoy writing end-of-term reports for the stinkers in my class.
23
But enough of that.
24
We have to get on.
25
Occasionally, one comes across parents who take the opposite line, who show no interest at all in their children.
26
And these, of course, are far worse than the dotting ones.
27
Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood were two such parents.
28
They had a son called Michael and a daughter called Matilda.
29
And the parents looked upon Matilda in a particular as nothing more than such a scab.
30
A scab is something you have to put up with until the time comes
31
when you pick it off and flick it away.
32
Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood looked forward enormously to the time when they could pick their little daughter off and flick her away,
33
preferably into the next county or even further than that.
34
It is bad enough when parents treat ordinary children as though they were scabs and bunions, but it becomes somehow a lot worse when the child in question is extraordinary,
35
and by that I was mean sensitive and brilliant.
36
Matilda was both of these things, but above all she was brilliant.
37
Her mind was so nibble and she was so quick to learn that her ability should have been obvious, even to the most half-witted of parents.
38
But Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood were both so gormless and
39
so wrapped up in their own silly little lives that they failed to notice anything unusual about their daughter.
40
To tell the truth, I doubt they would have noticed had she crawled into the house with a broken leg.
41
Matilda's brother, Michael, was a perfectly normal boy.
42
But the sister, as I said, was something to make your eyes pop.
43
By the age of one and a half, her speech was perfect and she knew as many words as most grown-ups.
44
The parents, instead of applauding her, called her a noisy chatterbox and told her sharply that small girls should be seen and not heard.
45
By the time she was three, Matilda had taught herself to read by studying newspapers and magazines that lay around the house.
46
At the age of four, she could read fast and well, and she naturally began hankering after books.
47
The only book in the whole of this enlightened household was something called Easy Cooking, belonging to her mother.
48
And when she had read this from cover to cover and had learned all the recipes by heart, she decided she wanted something more interesting.
49
Daddy, she said, do you think you could buy me a book?
50
A book? he said.
51
What do you want a flaming book for?
52
To read, Daddy.
53
What's wrong with the telly?
54
For heaven's sake, we've got a lovely telly with a 12-inch screen, and now you come asking for a book?
55
You're getting spoiled, my girl.
56
Nearly every weekday afternoon, Matilda was left alone in the house.
57
Her brother, five years older than her, went to school.
58
Her father went to work and her mother went out playing bingo in a town eight miles away.
59
Mrs. Wormwood was hooked on bingo and play at five afternoons a week.
60
On the afternoon of the day when her father had refused to buy her a book, Matilda set out all by herself to walk to the public library in the village.
61
When she arrived, she introduced herself to the librarian, Mrs. Phelps.
62
She asked if she might sit a while and read a book.
63
Mrs. Phelps, slightly taken aback at the arrival of such a tiny girl, unaccompanied by a parent, nevertheless told her she was very welcome.
64
Where are the children's books, please?
65
Matilda asked.
66
They're over there, on those lower shelves, Mrs. Phelps told her.
67
Would you like me to help you find a nice one with lots of pictures in it?
68
No, thank you, Matilda said.
69
I'm sure I can manage.
70
From then on, every afternoon, as soon as her mother had left for bingo, Matilda would toddle down to the library.
71
The walk took only ten minutes
72
and this allowed her two glorious hours sitting quietly by herself in a cozy corner devouring one book after another.
73
When she had read every single children's book in the place, she started wandering around in search of something else.
74
Mrs. Phelps, who had been watching her with fascination for the past few weeks, now got up from her desk and went over to her.
75
Can I help you, Matilda? she asked.
76
I'm wondering what to read next, Matilda said.
77
I finished all the children's books.
78
You mean you looked at the pictures?
79
Yes, but I've read the books as well.
80
Mrs. Phelps looked down at Matilda from her great height, and Matilda looked right back up at her.
81
I thought some were very poor, Matilda said, but others were lovely.
82
I liked the secret garden best of all.
83
It was full of mystery.
84
The mystery of the room behind the closed door and the mystery of the garden behind the big wall.
85
Mrs. Phelps was stunned.
86
Exactly how old are you, Matilda? she asked.
87
Four years and three months, Matilda said.
88
Mrs. Phelps was more stunned than ever, but she had the sense not to show it.
89
What sort of a book would you like to read next?
90
She asked.
91
Matilda said, I would like a really good one that grown-ups read.
92
A famous one.
93
I don't know any names.
94
Mrs. Swelps looked along the shelves, taking her time.
95
She didn't quite know what to bring out.
96
How?
97
She asked herself.
98
Does one choose a famous grown-up book for a four-year-old girl?
99
Her first thought was to pick a young teenager's romance of the kind that is written for the 15-year-old schoolgirls.
100
But for some reason, she found herself instinctively walking past the particular shelf.
101
Try this, she said at last.
102
It's very famous and very good.
103
If it's too long for you, just let me know and I'll find something shorter and a bit easier.
104
Great Expectations, Matilda read, by Charles Dickens.
105
I'd love to try it.
106
I must be mad, Mrs. Phelps told herself, but to Matilda she said.
107
Of course you may try it.
108
Over the next few afternoons, Mrs. Phelps could hardly take her eyes from the small girl
109
sitting for hour after hour in the big armchair at the far end of the room with the book on her lap.
110
It was very necessary to rest, it on the lap because it was too heavy for her to hold up, which meant she had to sit leaning forward in order to read.
111
And a strange sight it was, the tiny dark-haired person sitting there with her feet nowhere near touching the floor,
112
totally absorbed in the wonderful adventures of Pip and old Miss Havisham,
113
and her cobwebbed house and by the spell of magic that Dickens the great storyteller had woven with his words.
114
The only movement from the reader was the lifting of the hand every now and then to turn over a page,
115
and Mrs. Phelps always felt sad when the time came for her to cross the floor and say, It's ten to five, Matilda.
116
During the first week of Matilda's visit, Mrs. Phelps had said to her, Does your mother walk you down here every day and then take you home?
117
My mother goes to Aylesbury every afternoon to play bingo, Matilda had said.
118
She doesn't know I come here.
119
But that's surely not right, Mrs. Phelps said.
120
I think you'd better ask her.
121
I'd rather not, Matilda said.
122
She doesn't encourage reading books, nor does my father.
123
But what do they expect you to do every afternoon in an empty house?
124
Just mooch around and watch the telly?
125
I see.
126
She doesn't really care what I do, Matilda said, a little sadly.
127
Mrs. Phelps was concerned about the child's safety on the walk through the fairly busy village High Street
128
and the crossing of the road, but she decided not to interfere.
129
Within a week, Matilda had finished Great Expectations, which in that edition contained 411 pages.
130
I loved it, she said to Mrs. Phelps.
131
Has Mr. Dickens written any others?
132
A great number, said that astound Mrs. Phelps.
133
Shall I choose you another?
134
Over the next six months, under Mrs. Phelps' watchful and compassionate eye,
135
Matilda read the following books. by H.G.
136
Wells, The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway, The Sound and the Furry by William Faulkner, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steakman,
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The Good Companions by J.B.
138
Presley, Brighton Rock by Graham Greene, Animal Farm by George Orwell.
139
It was a formidable list and by now Mrs. Phelps was filled with wonder and excitement,
140
but it was probably a good thing that she did not allow herself to be completely carried away by it all.
141
Almost anyone else witnessing the achievements of this small child would have been tempted to make a great fuss
142
and shout the news all over the village and beyond.
143
But not so, Mrs. Phelps.
144
She was someone who minded her own business
145
and she had long since discovered it was seldom worthwhile to interfere with other people's children.
146
Mr. Hemingway says a lot of things I don't understand, Matilda said to her, especially about men and women, but I loved it all the same.
147
The way he tells it, I feel I am right there on the spot watching it all happen.
148
A fine writer will always make you feel that, Mrs. Phelps said, and don't worry about the bits you can't understand.
149
Sit back and allow the words to wash around you like music.
150
I will, I will.
151
Did you know, Mrs. Phelps said, that public libraries like this allow you to borrow books and take them home?
152
I didn't know that, Matilda said.
153
Could I do it?
154
Of course, Mrs. Phelps said.
155
When you have chosen the book you want, bring it to me so I can make a note of it and it's yours for two weeks.
156
You can take more than one if you wish.
157
From then on, Matilda would visit the library only once a week in order to take out new books
158
and return the old ones.
159
Her own small bedroom now became her reading room and there she would sit and read most afternoons, often with a mug of hot chocolate beside her.
160
She was not quite tall enough to reach things around the kitchen, but she kept a small box in the outhouse,
161
which she brought in and stood on in order to get whatever she wanted.
162
Mostly it was hot chocolate she made, warming the milk in a saucepan on the stove before mixing it.
163
Occasionally, she made Bovril or Ovaltine.
164
It was pleasant to take her a hot drink up there to her room
165
and have it beside her as she sat in her silent room reading in the empty house in the afternoons.
166
The books transported her into new worlds and introduced her to amazing people who lived exciting lives.
167
She went on olden days sailing ships with Joseph Conrad, she went to Africa with Ernest Hemingway, and came to India with Rudyard Kipling.
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She traveled all over the world while sitting in her little room in an English village.
169
Chapter 2.
170
Mr. Wormwood, the Great Car Dealer Matilda's parents owned quite a nice house with three bedrooms upstairs.
171
While on the ground floor there was a dining room and a living room and a kitchen.
172
Her father was a dealer in second-hand cars and it seemed he did pretty well at it.
173
Sawdust, he would say proudly, is one of the great secrets of my success.
174
And it costs me nothing.
175
I get free from the sawmill.
176
What do you use it for?
177
Matilda asked him.
178
Ha! the father said.
179
Wouldn't you like to know?
180
I don't see how sodas can help you to sell second-hand cars, daddy.
181
That's because you're an ignorant little twit, the father said.
182
His speech was never very delicate, but Matilda was used to it.
183
She also knew that he liked to boast and she would egg him on shamelessly.
184
You must be very clever to find a use for something that costs nothing, she said.
185
I wish I could do it.
186
You couldn't, the father said.
187
You're too stupid, but I don't mind telling young Mike here about it, seeing he'll be joining me in the business one day.
188
Ignoring Matilda, he turned to his son and said, I'm always glad to buy a car
189
when some fool has been crashing the gear so badly they're all worn out and rattle like mad.
190
I get it cheap, Then all I do is mix a lot of sawdust with the oil in the gearbox
191
and it runs as sweet as a nut.
192
How long will it run like that before it starts rattling again?
193
Matilda asked him.
194
Long enough for the buyers to get a good distance away, the father said, running about a hundred miles.
195
But that's dishonest, Daddy, Matilda said.
196
It's cheating.
197
No one ever got rich being honest, the father said.
198
Customers are there to be diddled.
199
Mr. Wormwood was a small, ratty-looking man whose front teeth stuck out underneath a thin, ratty mustache.
200
He liked to wear jackets with large, brightly-colored cheeks, and he sparted ties that were usually yellow or pale green.
201
Now take mileage, for instance, he went on.
202
Anyone who's buying a second-hand car, the first thing he wants to know is how many miles it's done, right?
203
Right, the son said.
204
So I buy an old dump that's got about 150,000 miles on the clock.
205
I get it cheap, but no one's going to buy it with a mileage like that, are they?
206
And these days, you can't just take the speedometer out and fiddle the numbers back like you're supposed to 10 years ago.
207
They fixed it so it's impossible to tamper with it unless you're a ruddy watchmaker or something.
208
So what do I do?
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I use my brains.
210
Laddie, that's what I do.
211
How?
212
Young Michael asked, fascinated.
213
He seemed to have inherited his father's love of crookery.
214
I sit down and say to myself,
215
how can I convert a mild reading of 150,000 into only 10,000 without taking the speedometer to pieces?
216
Well, if I were to run the car backwards for long enough, then obviously that would do it.
217
The numbers would click backwards, wouldn't they?
218
But who's going to drive a flaming car in reverse for thousands and thousands of miles?
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You couldn't do it.
220
Of course you couldn't do it, young Michael said.
221
So I scratched my head, the father said.
222
I used my brain.
223
When you've been given a fine brain like I have, you've got to use it.
224
And all of a sudden, the answer hits me.
225
I tell you, I felt exactly like that other brilliant fellow must have fell when he discovered penciling.
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Eureka!
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I cried.
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I've got it.
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What did you do, Dad?
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The son asked him.
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The speedometer, Mr. Warmore said, is run off a cable that is coupled up to one of the front wheels.
232
So I disconnect the cable where it joins the front wheel.
233
Next, I get one of those high-speed electric wheels and couple
234
that up to the end of the cable in such a way that when the drill turns, it turns me the cable backwards.
235
You got me so far?
236
You following me?
237
Yes, Daddy, young Michael said.
238
These drills run at a tremendous speed, the father said.
239
So when I switch on the drill, the mileage numbers on the speedo spin backwards at a fantastic rate.
240
I can knock 50,000 miles off the clock in a few minutes with my high-speed electric drill.
241
And by the time I finished, the car's only done 10,000 and it's ready for sale.
242
She's almost new, I said to the customer.
243
She's hardly done 10, though.
244
Belongs to an old lady who can only use it once a week for shopping.
245
Can you really turn the mileage back with an electric drill?
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Young Michael asked.
247
I'm telling you trade secrets, the father said.
248
So don't go you talking about this to anyone else.
249
You don't want me putting in a jug, do you?
250
I won't tell a soul, the boy said.
251
Do you do this to many cars, Dad?
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Every single car that comes through my hands gets the treatment, the father said.
253
They all have their mileage cut to under 10, though, before they offer it for sale.
254
And to think I've invented that all by myself, he added proudly.
255
It's made me admit, Matilda, who had been listening closely, said.
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But Daddy, that's even more dishonest than the sawdust.
257
It's disgusting.
258
You're cheating people who trust you.
259
If you don't like it, then don't eat the food in this house, the father said.
260
It's bought with the profits.
261
It's dirty money, Matilda said.
262
I hate it.
263
Two red spots appear on the father's cheeks.
264
Who the heck do you think you are?
265
He shouted.
266
The Archbishop of Sancherbury or something, preaching to me about honesty?
267
You're just an ignorant little squirt who hasn't the foggiest idea.
268
What you're talking about?
269
Quite right, Harry, the mother said.
270
And to Matilda, she said, You've got a nerve talking to your father like that.
271
Now keep your nasty mouth shut so we can all watch this program in peace.
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They were in the living room eating their suppers on their knees in front of the telly.
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The suppers were TV dinner in flopping aluminum containers with the separate compartments for the stewed meats, the boiled potatoes and the peas.
274
Mrs. Wormwood sat munching her meal with her eyes glued to the American soap opera on the screen.
275
She was a large woman whose hair was dyed plantainy
276
and blonde except where you could see the mousy brown bits growing out from the roots.
277
She tuned in bulging fingers where the flesh appears to be
278
strapping in all around the body to prevent it from falling out.
279
Mommy, Matilda said, would you mind if I ate supper in the dining room so I could read my book?
280
The father glanced up sharply.
281
I would mind, he snapped.
282
Supper is a family gathering and no one leaves the table till it's over.
283
But we're not at the table, Matilda said.
284
We never are.
285
were always eating off our knees and watching the telly.
286
What's wrong with watching the telly, may I ask?
287
The father said.
288
His voice had suddenly become soft and dangerous.
289
Matilda didn't trust herself to answer him, so she kept quiet.
290
She could feel the anger boiling up inside her.
291
She knew it was wrong to hate her parents like this, but she was finding it very hard not to do so.
292
The reading she had done had given her a view of life that they had never seen.
293
If only she would read at Little Dickens of Kipling, they would soon discover there was more to life than cheating people and watching television.
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Another thing, she resented being told constantly that she was ignorant and stupid when she knew she wasn't.
295
The anger inside her went on boiling and boiling and as she lay in bed that night, she made a decision.
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She decided that every time her father and her mother was beastly to her, she would get her own back in some way or another.
297
A small victory or two would help her to tolerate their idices and would stop her from going crazy.
298
You must remember that she was still hardly five years old
299
and it is not easy for somebody as small as that to score points against an all-powerful grown-up.
300
Even so, she was determined to have a go.
301
Her father, after what had happened in front of the telly that evening, was first on her list.
302
Chapter 3.
303
The Hat and the Super Glue.
304
The following morning, just before the father left for his beastly second-hand car garage,
305
Matilda slipped into the cloakroom and got hold of the hat he wore each day to work.
306
She had to stand on her toes
307
and reach as high as she could with a walking stick in order to hook the hat off the peg.
308
And even then she only just made it.
309
The hat itself was one of those flat-topped pork pie jobs with a jay's feather stuck in the hat band
310
and Mr. Wormwood was very proud of it.
311
He thought it gave him a rakish daring look, especially when he wore it in an angle with his loud check jacket and green tie.
312
Matilda, holding the hat in one hand and a thin tube of super glue in the other,
313
proceeded to squeeze a line of glue very neatly all around the inside of the rim of the hat.
314
Then she carefully hooked the hat back onto the peg with a walking stick.
315
She timed this operation very carefully, applying the glue just as her father was getting up from the breakfast table.
316
Mr. Wormwood didn't notice anything when he put the hat on, but when he arrived at the garage, he couldn't get it off.
317
Super glue is very powerful stuff, so powerful it will make your skin off if you pull too hard.
318
Mr. Wormwood did not want it to be scalped, so he had to keep the hat on his head the whole day long.
319
Even when putting sawdust in gearboxes and fiddling the mileages off cars with his electric drill.
320
In an effort to save face, he adopted a casual attitude, hoping that his staff would think
321
that he actually meant to keep his hat on all day long just for the heck of it.
322
like gangsters do in the films.
323
When he got home that evening, he still couldn't get the hat off.
324
Don't be silly, the wife said.
325
Come here, I'll take it off for you.
326
She gave the hat a sharp yank.
327
Mr. Wormwood let out a yell that rattled the window panes.
328
Ow!
329
He screamed.
330
Don't do that!
331
Let go!
332
You'll take half the skin off my forehead!
333
Matilda, nestling in her usual chair, was watching this performance over the rim of her book with some interest.
334
What's the matter, Daddy?
335
She said.
336
Has your head suddenly swollen or something?
337
The father glared at his daughter with deep suspicion, but said nothing.
338
How could he?
339
Mrs. Wormwood said to him.
340
It must be super glue.
341
It couldn't be anything else.
342
That'll teach you to go playing around with nasty stuff like that.
343
I expect you were trying to stick another feather in your hat.
344
I haven't touched the flaming stuff.
345
Mr. Wormwood shouted.
346
He turned and looked again at Matilda, who looked back at him with large, innocent brown eyes.
347
Mrs. Wormwood said to him, You should read the label on the tube before you start messing with the dangerous products.
348
Always follow the instructions on the label.
349
What in heaven's name are you talking about, you stupid witch?
350
Mr. Wormwood shouted, clutching the brim off his hat to stop anyone trying to pull it off again.
351
Do you think I'm so stupid I'll glue this thing to my head on purpose?
352
Matilda said, there's a boy down the road who got some super glue on his finger without knowing, and then he put his finger into his nose.
353
Mr. Wormwood jumped.
354
What happened to him? he spluttered.
355
The finger got stuck inside his nose, Matilda said, and he had to go around like that for a week.
356
People kept saying to him, stop picking your nose, and he couldn't do anything about it.
357
He looked like an awful fool.
358
Serve him right, Mrs. Wormwood said.
359
He shouldn't have put his finger out there in the first place.
360
It's a nasty habit.
361
If all children had super glue put on their fingers, they'd soon stop doing it.
362
Matilda said, Growing ups do it too.
363
Mommy, I saw you doing it yesterday in the kitchen.
364
That's quite enough from you, Mrs. Wormwood said turning pink.
365
Mr. Wormwood had to keep his hat on all through supper in front of the television.
366
He looked ridiculous and he stayed very silent.
367
When he went up to bed, he tried again to get the thing off, and so did his wife, but it wouldn't budge.
368
How am I going to have my shower? he demanded.
369
You'll just have to do without it, won't you? his wife told him.
370
And later on, as she watched her skinny little husband skulking around the bedroom in his purple striped pajamas, with a porcupine hat on his head, she thought how stupid he looked.
371
Hardly the kind of man a wife dreams about, she told herself.
372
Mr. Wormwood discovered that the worst thing about having a permanent hat on his head was having to sleep in it.
373
It was impossible to lie comfortably on the pillow.
374
Now do stop fussing around, his wife said to him after he had been tossing and churning for about an hour.
375
I expect it will be loose by in the morning, and then I'll slip it off easily.
376
But it wasn't so loose by morning, and it wouldn't slip off.
377
So Mrs. Wormwood took a pair of scissors and cut the thing off his head, bit by bit.
378
First the top and then the brim.
379
Where the inner band had stuck to the hair all around the sides and back, she had to chop the hair off right to the skin
380
so that he finished up with a bald white ring around his head like some sort of monk.
381
And in the front, there was the band stuck directly to the bare skin.
382
There remained a whole lot of small patches of brown leathery stuff that no amount of watching would get off.
383
At breakfast, Matilda said to him, you must try to get those bits off your head, daddy.
384
It looks as though you've got a little brown insect calling all over you.
385
People will think you've got lights.
386
Be quiet, the father snapped.
387
Just keep your nasty mouth shut, will you?
388
All in all, it was most satisfactory exercise, but it was surely too much to hope that he had taught the father a permanent lesson.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह A2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Matilda - By Roald Dahl: Chapters 1 - 3” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: Matilda, father, Wormwood, Phelps। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 388 वाक्य और 4782 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 27:30 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 174 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| glue संज्ञा | /ɡlu/ | गोंद, सरेस |
| daddy संज्ञा | /ˈdædi/ | अब्बा, बाबा |
| drill संज्ञा | /dɹɪl/ | ड्रिल, बरमा |
| shout क्रिया | /ʃaʊt/ | चिल्लाना |
| supper संज्ञा | /ˈsʌpɚ/ | ब्यालू |
| finger संज्ञा | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | उंगली, अंगुल |
| mystery संज्ञा | /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ | रहस्य, राज़ |
| hook संज्ञा | /hʊk/ | अंकुश, आंकड़ा |
| slip क्रिया | /ˈslɪp/ | फिसलना |
| flame संज्ञा | /fleɪm/ | लौ, ज्वाला |
| cheat क्रिया | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | छलना |
| ignorant विशेषण | /ˈɪɡ.nə.ɹənt/ | अज्ञान, गँवार |
| shelf संज्ञा | /ʃɛlf/ | तख़्ता |
| boil क्रिया | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | उबलना |
| thin विशेषण | /ˈθɪn/ | पतला, दुबला |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| go out क्रिया | बाहर निकलना, निकलना |
| sit down क्रिया | बैठना |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- What do you want a flaming book for?
- You mean you looked at the pictures?
- Wouldn't you like to know?
- What's wrong with watching the telly, may I ask?
- You'll just have to do without it, won't you?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| शर्त वाले वाक्य if + उपवाक्य, will/would + क्रिया — शर्त और उसका नतीजा | If I were a teacher, I would cook · If only she would read |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | should be seen · was left · is written |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has spent · I've read · have chosen |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | someone who minded · people who lived · people who trust |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 77 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, you're, couldn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: thin /ˈθɪn/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: shout /ʃaʊt/, shelf /ʃɛlf/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, garage /ɡəˈɹɑʒ/, sharply /ˈʃɑɹpli/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: backward /ˈbækwɚd/, adventure /ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/, sensitive /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/, arrival /əˈɹaɪ.vl̩/, nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: pleasant /ˈplɛz.ənt/, squeeze /skwiːz/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: slip /ˈslɪp/, snap /snæp/, spin /spɪn/, spell /spɛl/, skinny /ˈskɪni/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर glue, daddy, drill जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।