शैडोइंग अभ्यास: QC 7 tools – Cause and Effect Analysis (Fishbone) Diagram Introduction - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
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Hello everyone, this is Working Bear.
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Today I want to introduce you to something called the Fishbone Diagram, also known as a Cause and Effect Analysis Diagram.
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Many of you might already know what a Fishbone Diagram is, but do you know how to actually draw one?
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And what should you watch out for when creating one?
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As the name suggests, the diagram looks like the skeleton of a fish.
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That's where it gets its nickname.
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Its formal name is Cause and Effect Analysis Diagram, because it's used to trace a problem, effect, back to its possible causes.
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Originally, fishbone diagrams were used in product design to analyze causes of failure, or in manufacturing to find the root cause of quality issues and come up with solutions.
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Nowadays, people use it in many industries to solve everyday work and life problems, too.
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Some people also call it the Ishikawa Diagram, named after Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert who developed this tool.
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Drawing a fishbone diagram is actually very simple.
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The basic version just uses a few arrows.
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If you're someone who likes a little more creativity, check out Working Bear's YouTube video, How to Draw a Unique Fishbone Diagram in PowerPoint.
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When quality instructors teach us how to draw fishbone diagrams, they usually mention that there are two main styles, based on the direction the fish's head points.
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When the fish head points to the right, it's a cause-oriented fishbone diagram.
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The head represents the problem, and the bones show possible causes.
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So you write the problem that has already occurred at the fish's head.
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The topic usually starts with why or directly names the issue, like, oh, why am I often late to work?
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Oh, why is the SMT component attrition rate so high?
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Then list the possible causes along the bones of the fish.
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When the fish head points to the left, it's a solution-oriented fish bone diagram.
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The head represents a goal, and the bones list potential solutions or actions.
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The topic often starts with how to improve, prevent, solve, like, oh, how to avoid being late to work, oh, how to reduce the SMT component attrition rate,
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then write possible countermeasures along the bones.
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When used correctly, a fishbone diagram can be a powerful tool to solve tough problems.
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In everyday life or at work, we often face issues.
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Some problems are simple.
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You can identify the cause right away, so no diagram is needed.
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But other times, the cause is hidden and hard to figure out.
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Our thoughts may become too scattered or unfocused to find the real root.
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That's when a fishbone diagram comes in handy.
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It helps you sort out all those scattered thoughts, narrow them down, and find the main possible causes.
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After that, you can collect data, use stratification analysis, or prioritize the possible causes, verify them one by one,
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and finally take action with a solid long-term solution.
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So, before you draw a fishbone diagram, you should already have some ideas about what might be causing the problem.
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Actually, whether you have ideas or not, Working Bear strongly recommends gathering a cross-functional team for a brainstorming session.
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List all possible causes based on the problem, then use the fishbone diagram method to organize and discuss the likelihood of each cause.
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As the saying goes, two heads are better than one, and this kind of teamwork helps prevent blind spots or tunnel vision.
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Now let's walk through how to hold a meeting to create a fishbone diagram.
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One, gather the right people.
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Bring together everyone related to the issue or those with relevant knowledge or experience.
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Avoid having just one person draw the diagram alone.
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A good group size is around 4 to 10 people.
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Two, use a whiteboard or large sheet of paper.
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It's a good idea to have several colored markers.
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Each person can use a different color.
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These days, many people also use mind mapping software to draw the diagram digitally.
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Three, start drawing the fishbone diagram.
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Begin by sketching a basic fishbone shape on the board or paper, with the head pointing to the right, arrow to the right.
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Write the problem clearly at the head of the fish.
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Be sure to describe the issue in detail, its characteristics, symptoms, or signs, so everyone understands the context.
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Label the main bones with major causes, the branches with subcauses, and the small tips with minor causes.
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If you're analyzing design or manufacturing issues, many experienced teams use the classic 6M categories for the major causes,
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manpower, method, material, machine, measurement, and mother nature, also call environment.
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These six categories usually cover all types of causes and often relate to different departments, helping the team think broadly and clarify responsibilities.
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Of course, you're free to group your main causes differently.
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It doesn't have to follow the 6M structure.
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Also, remember to place more likely or direct causes closer to the fish's head
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and less likely or distant causes nearer the tail.
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This helps focus attention on the most probable causes.
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The goal is to make it easy for others, especially people unfamiliar with the issue or decision makers, to quickly see which causes are major and which are minor.
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After all, reports are often made for others, so if your fishbone diagram is clear, there's less need for further explanation.
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Four, take turns sharing causes.
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Each participant should take 15-20 seconds to say one possible cause.
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Keep going without interruptions.
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No criticizing or questioning allowed during this phase.
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The host or a note taker writes down each point on the diagram.
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5. Time Limits Limit each person's speaking time to 20 seconds before moving to the next.
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After a few rounds, once you've gathered 60-80 potential causes or people stop contributing, wrap up the brainstorming.
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Try to keep the whole session under 30 minutes.
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6. Prioritize the causes Now go through the list of causes.
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Have each participant pick the ones they believe are most significant.
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Circle these in red on the diagram once the group agrees.
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Seven, narrow down the key causes.
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Next, go through the circled causes again.
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Let everyone pick out the most critical ones from the red circles.
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Mark those with a second colored circle.
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Repeat this process until no more can be added.
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Finally, review the entire fishbone diagram.
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The causes with the most circles are likely the main culprits behind the problem.
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Now it's time to take action and find solutions based on those key causes.
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Now, let's take a look at this fishbone diagram example.
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Why have I been showing up late to work recently?
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This is a typical right-facing fishbone diagram,
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used to trace the possible causes of a problem problem.
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And here's another one.
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How can I avoid being late to work?
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This is a left-facing fishbone diagram that focuses on finding solutions.
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The next example is something Working Bear previously shared on the blog, a fishbone diagram about the source of oil contamination on keypad circuits.
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Back then, Working Bear explained that a product at a previous company had a serious DOA, dead on arrival, complaint.
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Most of the defective units had unresponsive keypads, specifically on the 3, 6, and 9 keys.
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The root cause turned out to be oil contamination.
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My company formed a temporary task force to investigate, even sending engineers to the contract manufacturer's factory.
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To their credit, the factory was cooperative and had already done some internal troubleshooting on their own.
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After a detailed investigation and summarizing findings with a cause and effect diagram,
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the most likely root cause pointed to an operator mistakenly using flux instead of IPA, isopropyl alcohol, as a cleaner.
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This flux was applied directly to the keypad contact circuits on the PCB.
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Even though the source of the oil was identified, verifying it became another challenge.
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Here, Working Bear briefly explained the two-part verification process simply.
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First, we sent the returned defective units to a lab for chemical analysis.
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We used FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, because EDS, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy,
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only detects elements, not compounds.
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The results showed a mixture of IPA and flux.
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Second, we simulated three possible contamination scenarios.
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A mixture of IPA and flux, we applied each substance to the PCB circuit,
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then assembled the units immediately and let them sit for 24, 48, and 72 hours.
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The results showed that the flux-only samples looked most similar to the actual oil stain issue, but didn't show any white powder.
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The IPA and flux mixture did produce white powder, but didn't recreate the oily appearance.
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So the likely culprit was a flux-heavy mixture of IPA and flux.
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Eventually, the contract manufacturer admitted that their operators may have mistakenly used flux instead of IPA.
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And during our on-site audit, we found that both flux and IPA were stored in the same cabinet.
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To a new operator, the two containers might have looked the same, which made it easy to confuse one for the other.
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This mix-up likely led to cross-contamination and the use of the wrong cleaning agent.
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If you're interested in this oil contamination case, check out Working Bear's video.
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The case study, oil and white powder contamination on PCB keypad contact, circuits causing keypad failures.
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That's it for today's sharing.
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If you're interested in electronics manufacturing, be sure to subscribe to Working Bear's YouTube and podcast channels.
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Don't forget to like, subscribe, and share.
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And if you can, please leave us a five-star review on Apple Podcasts.
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It helps more people discover Working Bear's show.
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All related links can be found in the episode description.
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That's it for now.
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Bye bye!
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इस पाठ के बारे में
इस वीडियो में, आप "फिशबोन डायग्राम" के बारे में जानेंगे, जो एक प्रभाव और कारण विश्लेषण उपकरण है। यह उपकरण समस्याओं के संभावित कारणों को समझने और उन्हें हल करने में मदद करता है। आप इस प्रक्रिया को सीखेंगे जिसमें समस्या को पहचानना, संभावित कारणों की सूची बनाना और फिर उनके समाधान के लिए कदम उठाना शामिल है। इस अभ्यास में, आप अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास भी करेंगे, जिससे आपकी संवादात्मक कौशल में सुधार होगा।
मुख्य शब्दावली और वाक्यांश
- फिशबोन डायग्राम - एक उपकरण जो समस्याओं के कारणों का विश्लेषण करता है।
- कारण और प्रभाव - समस्याओं के कारणों और उनके परिणामों के बीच का संबंध।
- समस्या - एक चुनौती या कठिनाई जिसका समाधान ढूंढना है।
- समाधान - किसी समस्या का हल या उपाय।
- कार्य समूह - उन लोगों का समूह जो समस्या पर चर्चा करने के लिए एकत्र होते हैं।
- ब्रेनस्टॉर्मिंग - विचारों को उत्पन्न करने की प्रक्रिया।
- 6M श्रेणियाँ - प्रमुख कारणों के वर्गीकरण के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली श्रेणियाँ: मानवता, मशीन, सामग्री, विधि, माप, और पर्यावरण।
अभ्यास के टिप्स
वीडियो में दिए गए संवाद का अनुसरण करते समय, निम्नलिखित सुझावों का पालन करें:
- धीरे बोलें: जब आप वीडियो में संवाद का अभ्यास करें, तो धीरे-धीरे बोलने का प्रयास करें। इससे आपकी उच्चारण और शब्दावली बेहतर होगी।
- नकल करें: वीडियो में बोलने की शैली और टोन की नकल करें। यह आपकी संवादात्मक कौशल को बढ़ाने में मदद करेगा। "शैडोस्पीक" तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए, आप अपने उच्चारण को सुधार सकते हैं।
- दृश्य सामग्री का उपयोग करें: वीडियो में दिखाए गए चित्रों और उदाहरणों का ध्यानपूर्वक अवलोकन करें। इससे आपको संवाद समझने में मदद मिलेगी।
- दोहराएँ: महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांशों और शब्दों को बार-बार दोहराएँ। इससे आपकी स्मृति में उन्हें मजबूत करने में मदद मिलेगी।
- समूह में अभ्यास करें: अगर संभव हो तो, अपने दोस्तों या सहकर्मियों के साथ अभ्यास करें। समूह में कार्य करने से आप नए विचारों को साझा कर सकते हैं और एक-दूसरे से सीख सकते हैं।
इस प्रकार, आप इस वीडियो के माध्यम से अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास करते हुए नई शब्दावली और संवाद कौशल हासिल कर सकते हैं। "वीडियो से अंग्रेजी सीखें" और "शैडो स्पीक" तकनीक को अपनाकर आप अपने कौशल में सुधार कर सकते हैं।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is needed · is hidden · are often made |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has already occurred · you've gathered |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | someone who likes · and which are |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।