Практика Shadowing: QC 7 tools – Cause and Effect Analysis (Fishbone) Diagram Introduction - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Hello everyone, this is Working Bear.
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Today I want to introduce you to something called the Fishbone Diagram, also known as a Cause and Effect Analysis Diagram.
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Many of you might already know what a Fishbone Diagram is, but do you know how to actually draw one?
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And what should you watch out for when creating one?
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As the name suggests, the diagram looks like the skeleton of a fish.
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That's where it gets its nickname.
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Its formal name is Cause and Effect Analysis Diagram, because it's used to trace a problem, effect, back to its possible causes.
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Originally, fishbone diagrams were used in product design to analyze causes of failure, or in manufacturing to find the root cause of quality issues and come up with solutions.
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Nowadays, people use it in many industries to solve everyday work and life problems, too.
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Some people also call it the Ishikawa Diagram, named after Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert who developed this tool.
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Drawing a fishbone diagram is actually very simple.
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The basic version just uses a few arrows.
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If you're someone who likes a little more creativity, check out Working Bear's YouTube video, How to Draw a Unique Fishbone Diagram in PowerPoint.
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When quality instructors teach us how to draw fishbone diagrams, they usually mention that there are two main styles, based on the direction the fish's head points.
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When the fish head points to the right, it's a cause-oriented fishbone diagram.
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The head represents the problem, and the bones show possible causes.
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So you write the problem that has already occurred at the fish's head.
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The topic usually starts with why or directly names the issue, like, oh, why am I often late to work?
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Oh, why is the SMT component attrition rate so high?
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Then list the possible causes along the bones of the fish.
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When the fish head points to the left, it's a solution-oriented fish bone diagram.
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The head represents a goal, and the bones list potential solutions or actions.
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The topic often starts with how to improve, prevent, solve, like, oh, how to avoid being late to work, oh, how to reduce the SMT component attrition rate,
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then write possible countermeasures along the bones.
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When used correctly, a fishbone diagram can be a powerful tool to solve tough problems.
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In everyday life or at work, we often face issues.
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Some problems are simple.
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You can identify the cause right away, so no diagram is needed.
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But other times, the cause is hidden and hard to figure out.
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Our thoughts may become too scattered or unfocused to find the real root.
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That's when a fishbone diagram comes in handy.
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It helps you sort out all those scattered thoughts, narrow them down, and find the main possible causes.
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After that, you can collect data, use stratification analysis, or prioritize the possible causes, verify them one by one,
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and finally take action with a solid long-term solution.
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So, before you draw a fishbone diagram, you should already have some ideas about what might be causing the problem.
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Actually, whether you have ideas or not, Working Bear strongly recommends gathering a cross-functional team for a brainstorming session.
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List all possible causes based on the problem, then use the fishbone diagram method to organize and discuss the likelihood of each cause.
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As the saying goes, two heads are better than one, and this kind of teamwork helps prevent blind spots or tunnel vision.
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Now let's walk through how to hold a meeting to create a fishbone diagram.
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One, gather the right people.
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Bring together everyone related to the issue or those with relevant knowledge or experience.
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Avoid having just one person draw the diagram alone.
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A good group size is around 4 to 10 people.
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Two, use a whiteboard or large sheet of paper.
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It's a good idea to have several colored markers.
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Each person can use a different color.
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These days, many people also use mind mapping software to draw the diagram digitally.
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Three, start drawing the fishbone diagram.
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Begin by sketching a basic fishbone shape on the board or paper, with the head pointing to the right, arrow to the right.
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Write the problem clearly at the head of the fish.
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Be sure to describe the issue in detail, its characteristics, symptoms, or signs, so everyone understands the context.
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Label the main bones with major causes, the branches with subcauses, and the small tips with minor causes.
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If you're analyzing design or manufacturing issues, many experienced teams use the classic 6M categories for the major causes,
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manpower, method, material, machine, measurement, and mother nature, also call environment.
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These six categories usually cover all types of causes and often relate to different departments, helping the team think broadly and clarify responsibilities.
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Of course, you're free to group your main causes differently.
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It doesn't have to follow the 6M structure.
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Also, remember to place more likely or direct causes closer to the fish's head
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and less likely or distant causes nearer the tail.
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This helps focus attention on the most probable causes.
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The goal is to make it easy for others, especially people unfamiliar with the issue or decision makers, to quickly see which causes are major and which are minor.
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After all, reports are often made for others, so if your fishbone diagram is clear, there's less need for further explanation.
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Four, take turns sharing causes.
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Each participant should take 15-20 seconds to say one possible cause.
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Keep going without interruptions.
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No criticizing or questioning allowed during this phase.
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The host or a note taker writes down each point on the diagram.
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5. Time Limits Limit each person's speaking time to 20 seconds before moving to the next.
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After a few rounds, once you've gathered 60-80 potential causes or people stop contributing, wrap up the brainstorming.
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Try to keep the whole session under 30 minutes.
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6. Prioritize the causes Now go through the list of causes.
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Have each participant pick the ones they believe are most significant.
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Circle these in red on the diagram once the group agrees.
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Seven, narrow down the key causes.
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Next, go through the circled causes again.
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Let everyone pick out the most critical ones from the red circles.
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Mark those with a second colored circle.
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Repeat this process until no more can be added.
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Finally, review the entire fishbone diagram.
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The causes with the most circles are likely the main culprits behind the problem.
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Now it's time to take action and find solutions based on those key causes.
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Now, let's take a look at this fishbone diagram example.
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Why have I been showing up late to work recently?
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This is a typical right-facing fishbone diagram,
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used to trace the possible causes of a problem problem.
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And here's another one.
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How can I avoid being late to work?
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This is a left-facing fishbone diagram that focuses on finding solutions.
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The next example is something Working Bear previously shared on the blog, a fishbone diagram about the source of oil contamination on keypad circuits.
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Back then, Working Bear explained that a product at a previous company had a serious DOA, dead on arrival, complaint.
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Most of the defective units had unresponsive keypads, specifically on the 3, 6, and 9 keys.
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The root cause turned out to be oil contamination.
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My company formed a temporary task force to investigate, even sending engineers to the contract manufacturer's factory.
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To their credit, the factory was cooperative and had already done some internal troubleshooting on their own.
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After a detailed investigation and summarizing findings with a cause and effect diagram,
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the most likely root cause pointed to an operator mistakenly using flux instead of IPA, isopropyl alcohol, as a cleaner.
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This flux was applied directly to the keypad contact circuits on the PCB.
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Even though the source of the oil was identified, verifying it became another challenge.
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Here, Working Bear briefly explained the two-part verification process simply.
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First, we sent the returned defective units to a lab for chemical analysis.
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We used FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, because EDS, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy,
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only detects elements, not compounds.
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The results showed a mixture of IPA and flux.
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Second, we simulated three possible contamination scenarios.
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A mixture of IPA and flux, we applied each substance to the PCB circuit,
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then assembled the units immediately and let them sit for 24, 48, and 72 hours.
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The results showed that the flux-only samples looked most similar to the actual oil stain issue, but didn't show any white powder.
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The IPA and flux mixture did produce white powder, but didn't recreate the oily appearance.
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So the likely culprit was a flux-heavy mixture of IPA and flux.
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Eventually, the contract manufacturer admitted that their operators may have mistakenly used flux instead of IPA.
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And during our on-site audit, we found that both flux and IPA were stored in the same cabinet.
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To a new operator, the two containers might have looked the same, which made it easy to confuse one for the other.
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This mix-up likely led to cross-contamination and the use of the wrong cleaning agent.
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If you're interested in this oil contamination case, check out Working Bear's video.
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The case study, oil and white powder contamination on PCB keypad contact, circuits causing keypad failures.
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That's it for today's sharing.
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If you're interested in electronics manufacturing, be sure to subscribe to Working Bear's YouTube and podcast channels.
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Don't forget to like, subscribe, and share.
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And if you can, please leave us a five-star review on Apple Podcasts.
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It helps more people discover Working Bear's show.
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All related links can be found in the episode description.
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That's it for now.
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Bye bye!
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Что вы узнаете?
Из этого видео вы научитесь разбираться с терминами, связанными с диаграммой Ishikawa (рыбьей костью), и улучшите навык восприятия и произношения профессиональной лексики. Также вы поймете, как правильно строить предложения с вопросами типа "Why..." и "How to...", что поможет в повседневной и рабочей коммуникации. А самое важное — научитесь слушать и повторять длинные высказывания, что идеально подходит для практики shadowing.
Слушайте, как соединяются звуки
В диалоге часто встречаются сращения слов, например: "fishbone diagram" произносится как [ˈfɪʃboʊn ˈdaɪəɡræm] с мягким переходом между "bone" и "diagram". Также обратите внимание на редукции: "it's" вместо "it is", "don't" вместо "do not". Эти особенности речи помогут вам говорить более естественно и понимать носителей языка на слух. Для закрепления можно использовать shadowing site, где вы сможете повторять за диктором в реальном времени.
Говорите, как.native speaker
Чтобы подражать ритму и ударениям спикера, обратите внимание на то, что важные термины (например, "root cause", "brainstorming session") подчеркиваются повышением тона. Проведите упражнение: запишите фрагмент видео, затем повторите его, копируя интонацию и паузы. Это поможет улучшить произношение английского и сделать речь более уверенной. И помните: практика shadow speech — это ключ к успеху. Учиться английский по видео с использованием shadowing — эффективный способ быстрого прогресса. Не бойтесь ошибок: каждый повтор brings you closer to native level!
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | is needed · is hidden · are often made |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has already occurred · you've gathered |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | someone who likes · and which are |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.