शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why is Russia So DAMN BIG? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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Anyway, let's get to it.

Russia.

Here we go.

Like, this page and this page.

This is Russia.

It's huge.

It doesn't even fit on one of these pages.

I ripped the page.

Let's look at Russia.

But wait, yes, this is Russia,

but Russia is also this, and this, and this.

This one country encompasses over 100 languages spread across 11 time zones.

I mean, the place is freaking huge.

Countries aren't really supposed to be this big.

So how did this happen?

How did Russia become so damn big?

Countries come in all shapes and sizes.

You have really small countries like here in Europe,

the country of Monaco is tiny.

It's literally two square kilometers,

like smaller than most cities.

Now that's obviously an outlier.

So let's look at a more average size country like Belgium.

More like 11,000 square kilometers.

Then you have even bigger countries like France with like 550,000 square kilometers.

Over here in the United States where everything is apparently bigger,

you have states that are bigger than France.

Like the state of Texas is 695,000 square kilometers.

All 48 of these continental United States are huge by European standards at least.

This whole continental United States is 8 million square kilometers.

So you have all these different sizes of countries.

The The average sort of looks like this.

And then you have the second largest country on Earth,

which is Canada, huge.

But now take a look at the size of the largest country on Earth.

Russia is huge.

It is more than double the size of the continental United States.

17 million square kilometers.

Makes up one eighth of the total habitable area on Earth and it's almost double the next biggest country on this list.

I mean, it's mind-blowing.

Russia is a part of Europe.

It also shares a beach line with Turkey,

but then you go all the way over here and it has an extensive border with China and North Korea.

Keep going and it stretches all the way up here to where you could literally swim from Russia to the United States,

assuming you can swim, you know,

like two and a half miles.

So yeah, Russia is huge.

It's giant.

But not that long ago, Russia wasn't huge.

In fact, relative to empires and their borders,

Russia was kind of a small fish.

That's the story I want to tell you.

A thousand years ago, Russia looked like this.

A loose group of Slavic peoples who were a growing

and prosperous society here in Eastern Europe but they had a pretty big weakness.

And that weakness looked like this.

These are flat grasslands, which are very easy to cross if you're an army looking to pillage land.

And that's exactly what a group of horse riding warriors did.

These guys were the Mongols.

And they basically used this path of flat grasslands to traverse across Asia and expand their empire.

40,000 of these Mongol guys on horses with bows and arrows,

eventually made it all the way here to the Slavic peoples of Russia.

Here's an image of them invading the cities and burning them down, conquering these people.

Look how scared these people look.

I mean, I would be too if 40,000 Mongols on horseback rode into my city.

Anyway, so the Mongols take over this little block of Slavic people,

and it really weakens their society.

It breaks up all the cities that were sort of collaborating with each other.

And now they're paying taxes to the Mongols,

like this empire that was from super far away,

like on the other side of the world.

But there was one city in this area that was particularly ready to fight back.

They were quietly getting more powerful.

This city was called Muskovi or Moscow eventually.

And it became the regional epicenter for trading fur,

which is a thing that was becoming all the rage in Europe.

Moscow was also learning how to use gunpowder and guns and technology from Europe.

And before long, they were able to punch back against the Mongols,

whose big-ass empire was getting really big and hard to maintain,

and it sort of starting to crack.

And Moscow was there to take advantage of this.

I mean, let's be honest,

there's only so long you can keep an empire that looks like this together.

Way too big.

I mean, this is the biggest land empire in history,

but it didn't last long,

even though they had these badass warriors on horseback.

Anyway, so yeah, Moscow started punching back.

They had fur money and they had gunpowder and they were having success pushing the Mongols out and moving east.

One thing's for sure, said Moscow,

which was soon becoming the Russian empire,

we're not gonna let anyone sneak up on us again like the Mongols did.

And everyone over here sort of chuckled in European and said,

don't you realize that the only way to keep people out is to have like mountains and water to protect you?

And the Russians were like,

oh yeah, you mean like these?

And the Europeans were like, nice.

100

So Moscow, which was just a city,

101

but is now becoming the Russian empire,

102

starts expanding towards these mountains.

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And soon they have like a nice empire sized set of borders,

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some mountains for protection.

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They have an economy of fur,

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They have technology and commerce.

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They're getting rich.

108

Things are looking good for Russia.

109

But wait a minute.

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Can we overlay that green layer on the map that shows the super highway of grasslands that the Mongols used to invade?

111

Yeah, that one, that one.

112

Ugh, look, there's a flaw in the plan.

113

Nice try, Russia, but you see that this natural border,

114

which is great, has a huge gap of flat grasslands that people can easily pass directly on their way to Moscow.

115

So it's the middle of the 1500s.

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Moscow has beat back the Mongols, is expanding east.

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They're doing their fur thing.

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They find kind of a natural border,

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but it doesn't really work.

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So they're still looking for a natural border or water or something to buffer their country to the east.

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And then this terrible guy comes into power.

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His name was literally Ivan the Terrible.

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And he had some pretty big ambitions for expanding Russia.

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He's like, dude, we don't need to stop at these mountains.

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Let's see how far we can push this thing east,

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way past the mountains.

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What he finds on the other side of these mountains is a very sparsely populated land of ice called Siberia.

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There wasn't a lot of people here and the people that were there weren't super resistant to this Russian takeover.

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The main thing that the Russians had to fight against was the cold,

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but with cold comes furry animals who have thick coats of fur,

131

which again was incredibly valuable in European markets and that helped fuel this race to just keep going east.

132

Is it just me or are they sort of overcompensating?

133

Like, yeah, we get it.

134

You got invaded by the Mongols and you wanna make sure it doesn't happen again,

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but settle down.

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They just kept moving east eventually they reached the pacific ocean the edge of the world

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but they didn't stop there they just kept going i mean listen this is

138

so far away from the original starting point of moscow

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and it started to get to the point where the government

140

back in moscow was sort of sending out expeditions not really sure what they were doing

141

and what they were taking over

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because they couldn't really like stay in touch with them they were just sort of of hoping for the best.

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After one Russian dude went out on an expedition and conquered some remote city in the Far East,

144

a government official back in Moscow said,

145

nobody really knows why he did that and to what end.

146

There is however, something erotic taking place in the borders of our empire.

147

Erotic, I guess that's one way to talk about it.

148

But here's the most interesting part to me about this Russian imperialism

149

that is very different than most imperialism that I've looked into.

150

When the Russians would find a tribe or a people

151

or a culture that was very different than theirs because they were so far from home,

152

they first tried to negotiate with them and convince them to join the Russian empire.

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If people resisted, it got very predictable imperialism very quickly,

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but a lot of tribes didn't resist and they found it beneficial to be a part of this growing empire.

155

So this empire grew without a lot of conflict

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and in the process enveloping a lot of cultures that sort of kept their identity,

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their language, their culture, far, far away from Moscow.

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Because of this, Russia today is,

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yes, this huge land mass,

160

but perhaps a better way to look at it is this.

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Russia today is divided into 85 territories.

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22 of these territories are actually called republics.

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They have their own official language,

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their own legislature, and basically are totally independent from Russia,

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except for in international affairs.

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It's like 22 countries within a country,

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all with their own unique style.

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So yeah, while Russia is this,

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there's also other versions of Russia,

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and I wanna show you some of those.

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Stop one, let's look at the Republic of Sakha.

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It's located way in the east and it's huge.

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3.1 million square kilometers.

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Massive.

175

This place is in a time zone six hours ahead of Moscow.

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The people here don't look like Putin at all.

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Their ancestors are not from the original Moscow-Russia area.

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And they speak their own Northern Siberian Turkic language as well.

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The capital of this Russian Republic is way up here.

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It's called Yakutsk.

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It's the coldest large city on earth with an average temperature of minus eight degrees centigrade.

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And this whole region is full of these giant holes.

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In these holes, they're looking for diamonds.

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25% of the world's diamonds are mined in this Republic.

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So yeah, this is Russia.

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Next stop down here is Dagestan,

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which borders the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia.

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The climate here is so different than what I think of when I think of Russia.

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It is hot and dry,

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and people here speak 13 different official languages besides Russian.

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Plus, there's a bunch of unofficial languages.

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And 83% of the people here identify as Muslim,

193

which again, like, I don't think of Muslims in Russia,

194

but this is Russia.

195

It's right next to Chechnya,

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which is another part of Russia,

197

which is politically and culturally very much doing its own thing.

198

The people here declared independence in the 90s,

199

which caused rebel groups to militarize.

200

And then there was war and terrorist attacks and people died.

201

And Putin may

202

or may not have planned a bombing to frame Chechnyan terrorists to then go to war with them

203

so he could get approval ratings,

204

so he could take over the country and become a full return.

205

No, no, no, wait, no,

206

I'm not going down the freaking rabbit hole.

207

I'm doing one of those fun geography videos where we talk about cultural diversity

208

and and like borders and history

209

and not this stuff come on just this once can i

210

just go into a video without having to talk about the fact

211

that some people are really terrible anyway

212

so daga stan down here has all these different languages

213

and people so different than what i think about

214

when i think of russia plus i mean look at this fashion culture okay

215

so there's a republic here right on these mountains these these mountains

216

that we talked about that were sort of a good natural border,

217

but had a big hole in them, the Ural Mountains.

218

This is the Komi Republic.

219

The main thing about this Republic is it doesn't look like the sort of ice swept Moscow streets

220

that I'm used to of Russia.

221

This place is known for its natural beauty,

222

beautiful landscapes, and where the gulags were,

223

the brutal Russian prisons during the Soviet times where they would do terrible things.

224

Anyway, there's these beautiful rock formations that are super unique,

225

and people aren't supposed to climb on them because there's some legend and it's bad luck,

226

but of course foreigners show up and do stupid things,

227

and they couldn't resist, and here they are.

228

Anyway, this is Russia.

229

Okay, a couple more.

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You have this Republic of Kalmykia.

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You just need to look at this place and its people to know

232

that this feels very different than what you think of as Russia.

233

And yet, this is Russia.

234

Mother Russia has been sort of brutal to these people over the years,

235

trying to erase their culture.

236

But even still, they persist.

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The last one I want to talk about is called Tuva.

238

It's down here.

239

Here's Putin visiting Tuva a while back.

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This is another place where Russian ethnicity and language is a minority.

241

The people here are more related to the Mongols,

242

and they speak a Turkic language called Tuvan, which sounds like this.

243

So yeah, the upside here is that this is Russia,

244

but so is this, and this, and this, and this.

245

Russia got really big as they were searching for a border and for fur,

246

and they just kept expanding their empire,

247

enveloping all of the people and cultures that came with it.

248

Okay, let me just be clear about something.

249

Russia is giant.

250

This video is not 15 hours long,

251

and so I was able to give a very brief overview of the history.

252

The history is so much more mind-bendingly complicated.

253

It's like Game of Thrones on steroids.

254

Not to mention, today's Russia is also so much more diverse,

255

like a mosaic of cultures and languages,

256

that I was able to give a little overview for.

257

But I know that a lot of you watching are thinking,

258

why isn't he mentioning fill in the blank?

259

I want to hear from you.

260

What are the parts of Russia that you know about

261

that I didn't mention here that are the most interesting or the most surprising,

262

that are more different from the Russia that we sort of think of.

263

Let me know in the comments.

264

I got fascinated with Russia as we did the Navalny video a while back,

265

and I'm now becoming deeper and deeper into this place and where it came from and what it looks like today.

266

I've never visited and I want to,

267

so maybe I can't though because I did that Navalny video and they'll be angry at me if I go there.

268

Anyway, hadn't thought about that.

269

Okay, before you go, I want to tell you how you can sign up for Skillshare for free and start learning stuff.

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Thank you all for being here and watching.

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Thanks to my patrons for like being such great supporters and lots more videos to come soon.

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So I'll see you all in the next one.

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Bye-bye.

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इस पाठ के बारे में

इस पाठ में, हम रूस की विशालता के बारे में चर्चा करेंगे और जानेंगे कि कैसे यह दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा देश बन गया। हम इसके भौगोलिक आकार, सीमाओं और विविधतापूर्ण भाषाओं के बारे में सीखेंगे। इस जानकारी को ध्यान में रखते हुए, आप यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें और इस विडियो में दर्शाए गए विचारों को अपने वोकैबुलरी में शामिल करने का अभ्यास करेंगे। यह सभी सामग्री आपके इंग्लिश बोलने के कौशल को सुधारने में मदद करेगी।

मुख्य शब्दावली और वाक्यांश

विशालता - size
सीमा - border
भाषाएँ - languages
जगह - place
दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा देश - largest country in the world
जीवित क्षेत्र - habitable area
समुद्र तट - beach line
छोटे देश - small countries

अभ्यास टिप्स

जब आप इस वीडियो को देखें, तो उसके साथ-साथ बोलने का प्रयास करें। शैडो स्पीच तकनीक का उपयोग करें, जिसका मतलब है कि आप सुनने के दौरान बोलने की कोशिश करें। वीडियो की गति धीरे-धीरे है, इसलिए आप इसे रोककर और दोहराकर अभ्यास कर सकते हैं। इस तरीके से आप shadowspeaks का उपयोग करके अपने उच्चारण में सुधार कर सकते हैं। इस छायांकन अभ्यास से न केवल आप अपने बोलने की गति को तेज कर सकेंगे, बल्कि भाषा की दृष्टि से अपनी दक्षता में भी वृद्धि करेंगे।

याद रखें कि इस प्रकार की शैडोइंग को नियमित रूप से करने से आपकी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमता में धीरे-धीरे सुधार होगा। जितना अधिक आप अभ्यास करेंगे, उतना ही अच्छा आप अपने विचार व्यक्त कर पाएंगे। आप इस वीडियो के विभिन्न हिस्सों को भी देखकर अपनी सुनने की समझ को और मजबूत कर सकते हैं। इस तरीके से shadow speak का अभ्यास करना न केवल आपको बेहतर अंग्रेजी सिखाएगा बल्कि आपको आत्मविश्वास भी देगा।

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	was sponsored · was called · is divided
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	I've looked · has been · I've never visited
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	grasslands, which are · Moscow, which was · people that were

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why is Russia So DAMN BIG? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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इस पाठ के बारे में

मुख्य शब्दावली और वाक्यांश

अभ्यास टिप्स

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?