शैडोइंग अभ्यास: 1955 vs 2025, who actually had it better? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
380 वाक्य
यदि वाक्य बहुत छोटे या लंबे हों, तो समायोजित करने के लिए Edit पर क्लिक करें।
1
This is me if I lived in 1955.
2
Here I am in 1975 and 1995, 2015, and then today.
3
I'm going to put myself in the shoes of a middle
4
income earner in all of these decades to answer a very important question about the United States.
5
Is the average American better off today than they were all these decades ago?
6
Does the typical American make more money, have a better chance of owning a home?
7
It's an important question because this graph shows that our economy has grown immensely since the 50s.
8
I mean, we've got the largest economic pie on Earth.
9
And even when you account for inflation and the fact that our population has grown, you still see immense growth.
10
I mean, look at this.
11
We've added tons of prosperity in this country that theoretically, every person is entitled to some part of.
12
Or, as some economists put it, has our country produced shared prosperity?
13
When I think about how well the economy delivers, I think about how well it delivers for the people, for the workers and their families.
14
How well are they receiving that prosperity?
15
I'm going to show you how all of this economic prosperity we've created has been shared or not shared.
16
And in all of this, I want to get to the bottom of perhaps one of the most important questions in our country, which is, is everyone able to move up?
17
If they work hard enough or if they get educated, can you climb the economic ladder here?
18
Are you going to do better than your parents?
19
Can you reach higher levels of income?
20
Can you change your relative position?
21
The American dream, we sometimes call it.
22
A quote, dream of a better, richer, happier life for all citizens of every rank.
23
Is that still alive?
24
And if not, why?
25
I believe that answering these key questions is incredibly important for the future of this country, which is why we've been deep in all of the data,
26
and I'm going to try to lay it out as clearly as possible by traveling through time.
27
As always, all of the assertions in this video are fact-checked and linked in our sources.
28
So with that, let's start traveling back in time.
29
You can't repeat the patterns.
30
Why, of course you can.
31
Okay, so I'm traveling back towards the 1950s.
32
As we move through time, I'm going to be keeping an eye on this main graph.
33
This graph is kind of our anchor.
34
It will be showing how the economy has grown over time.
35
And again, it's adjusted for prices and population growth.
36
When this graph goes up, it means that there's more economic prosperity to go around.
37
We're gonna see how it gets divided up.
38
And for each decade I'm gonna be looking at these four economic indicators.
39
Am I making more money?
40
Can I afford a house?
41
Is this economic growth being shared equally by everyone?
42
And how likely am I to be making more than my parents?
43
Oh look, we're arriving to the 1950s.
44
So it's the 1950s here in America, and I, the middle income earner, have just returned from fighting in the most devastating war of human history.
45
But we Americans came out on top and our economy is booming.
46
I work in this car factory, it's one of the many factories
47
that was converted from making weapons to now making valuable stuff that we're shipping around the world.
48
Our country is getting rich.
49
I am making an average income, so my income right now is $4,400.
50
In today's money, that's more like $41,000.
51
We're going to adjust everything for modern dollars, in this case, $2023 prices are higher these days, so our money is more valuable to make it all make sense.
52
Okay, wait, pause.
53
I'm not gonna do that every single time, like, talk about the inflation.
54
I'm just gonna say everything from now on in modern dollars.
55
It'll allow us to compare a lot easier between the decades.
56
Okay, with that, let's get all the magic going again.
57
Pretty cool, right?
58
Let's meet my family.
59
So my wife doesn't work.
60
Only a third of women did back then.
61
And really, she doesn't need to.
62
My factory job supports the whole family.
63
And look, I own that home.
64
I paid $84,000 for this thing, again in modern dollars.
65
That's actually not that much more than my yearly salary.
66
This is considered very affordable.
67
And a major reason why is because the government is helping me pay for a lot of this.
68
And they've got the cash to do it.
69
I mean, look at the top tax rate for the rich.
70
So a booming economy and all this tax revenue means that the government is helping build all of these suburban homes,
71
and is giving us veterans good deals on mortgages so that we can get in on the prospering US economy
72
start building wealth by owning a home.
73
How a returning serviceman who was starting his own business would get a financial boost from the government.
74
How money would be advanced to buy property or a home.
75
We're coming out of World War II.
76
There are absolutely lots of public programs.
77
Policymakers today and back then had a lot to do with how typical workers and their families were doing.
78
Okay, so the economy is booming.
79
Let's see how all of this prosperity is being shared.
80
And for that, I'm going to show you this amazing graph.
81
I love this graph.
82
We're going to see it over the decades and it tells a very useful story.
83
This is my income, the median earner.
84
Here's the income of the top earners.
85
And this line is the low income in America.
86
And down here is like years.
87
Okay, watch what happens.
88
Ready, go.
89
Look at this.
90
Look what's happening.
91
All three of these income brackets are increasing their income at the same rate.
92
We are all getting in on this prosperity.
93
We are sharing the spoils of a booming economy.
94
Nice.
95
In the roughly two, three decades after World War II, we saw what I would consider broadly shared prosperity.
96
As the economy grew, as workers became more productive, workers across the board were actually seeing gains in their living standards.
97
This is a great indicator that income equality in the United States is good and healthy.
98
Okay, last thing for the 1950s, let's check in on the American dream.
99
Can I move up the ladder?
100
There's a really nice data set for this that says that I am nearly 100% likely to earn more than my parents.
101
There is upward motion in the economy.
102
The American dream is alive, at least for me.
103
Which is an important caveat here.
104
Women were mostly left out of this economic version of the American dream, and so are people who weren't white.
105
Like black Americans, 10% of the population, over a million of whom fought in the war,
106
but upon returning were met with these custom maps that were drawn to determine where they could and could not buy homes.
107
They were largely left out of all of this government help
108
that allowed me to get education and buy a home and build wealth.
109
But if you're just looking at the numbers, the 1950s was a really good time for the median income earner.
110
You could have a family, work in a factory, and be loaded with opportunities to move up the economic ladder, thanks to a booming economy and a bunch of government programs.
111
So now let's move forward in time to the 1970s.
112
Welcome to the 1970s.
113
A lot has changed.
114
The economy is producing a lot more prosperity to go around, as you can see by this graph.
115
And we'll see how that's all being distributed in a second.
116
But first, let's check in on my pay.
117
I'm still working in a factory.
118
I now earn about $66,000.
119
That's an improvement from the 50s.
120
Or should I say we, like millions of other women, my wife has entered the workforce.
121
They still only earn 60% of what men do, but look, they're breaking into the workforce.
122
Nearly half of all women are gonna be working by the end of the decade.
123
Partly as a push for freedom and economic autonomy, but partly as a necessity.
124
It's becoming harder for a family to be supported by a single earner.
125
The result is that our income is better off than it was in the 50s.
126
but things are also kind of expensive right now.
127
Inflation is up, partly because there's war in the Middle East and they're cutting us off oil.
128
So there's long lines at these gas stations and everything is more expensive.
129
Anyway, check out my house.
130
I had to pay $230,000 for this house.
131
Housing is getting more expensive and the government is raising the interest rate to slow down inflation, which is making my monthly payment a little more expensive.
132
Home purchasing is becoming a little less accessible to the median, but I still have this cool house.
133
Okay, let's go back to this super useful graph that tells us how the economic spoils are being shared.
134
Remember, that's me, the median income earner.
135
And look, my income continues to grow at the same rate as the high income and low income earners in our country.
136
The growing economy is being shared by these different income groups.
137
It's actually pretty impressive how like tight everything is moving together as the economy grows.
138
Oh, and look, they've started collecting data on how much more CEOs are making than the typical employee.
139
Looks like by the middle of the decade, It's about 26 times more.
140
Wait, are CEOs making too much?
141
Is that bad?
142
What do you think?
143
I don't know, let's keep an eye on this chart as time continues
144
and we can assess if we think this is unfair.
145
Okay, but what about the American dream?
146
How easy it is to make more than your parents?
147
Well, if I'm an adult in the 1970s, it means I was born in the 1950s, which according to this data set means I'm 80% likely to earn more than my parents.
148
I mean, pretty good.
149
The American dream seems to be doing pretty well.
150
So I would say that economic life in the 1970s is better for the median earner than it was in the 50s.
151
And something that we're not covering here
152
because we're looking at the cold hard data is
153
that there's also a revolution happening that's making it more equal and more fair for minority groups in the United States.
154
So these are good trends.
155
Let's see how they continue as we move on to the 1990s.
156
Guess you guys aren't ready for that yet.
157
Boy, your kids are gonna love it.
158
To get to the 90s, we have to go through the 80s and look at all of this economic growth.
159
The president has been very busy slashing taxes, getting rid of regulation and social programs and rejiggering the economy to benefit businesses,
160
making it harder for workers to like gather and get leverage over their employers.
161
And look, we are arriving to the 1990s.
162
What a great decade.
163
I hate you so much Hi, me again.
164
I'm out of the collage world
165
because I gotta tell you about the sponsor of today's video because if I didn't have sponsors, I wouldn't be able to make videos Thank you,
166
Saylee, for sponsoring today's video I'm very excited about this one
167
It's actually a part of a trend in the world
168
that I've been more and more excited about which is the advent of eSims I know that sounds really nerdy, but eSims have changed my life In the old days,
169
when I would go to another country I would go into some kiosk at the airport
170
and buy a physical sim card and put it into my phone
171
so that I could get like 5 gigabytes of data for my phone
172
while I was in the other country and once the 5 gigabytes was up That was it.
173
Saley sells eSIMs where there is no physical sim card All you do is download the app
174
and then choose from the hundreds of countries and territories
175
and regions that they have in their marketplace
176
So many different countries like I think they've got them all
177
plus territories Choose how much data you want between one gig
178
and a thousand gigs and boom that's it one very clear cheap price No weird fees.
179
I could go to San Marino
180
and get 10 gigs of data for 20 bucks I used this recently
181
when I was in Saudi Arabia also used in Finland Oh
182
and as an added bonus when you have the salee app
183
and you are connected to one of the East ends It also protects your traffic
184
and has built-in ad blocking Saley is giving my audience 15% off their first eSIM purchase.
185
Use the code JOHNNYHARRIS at checkout and you'll get this 15% discount.
186
Again, that's Saley.com slash JohnnyHarris.
187
The code is JohnnyHarris.
188
No spaces.
189
Thank you, Saley, for sponsoring today's video.
190
Let's leave my room full of maps and get back into the 1990s.
191
The big standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union is over and people are stoked.
192
We enter the 1990s with this little recession.
193
We're getting ready for a big surge of more growth thanks to the rise of the internet.
194
Remember, I am still playing the role of the middle income earner, okay?
195
So it's not like I was like born back in the 50s and I've been growing up.
196
I am a young adult who was the middle income earner.
197
How am I doing?
198
So I still work at a factory.
199
America is still a manufacturing powerhouse here in the 90s, though that is literally right about to change.
200
I wish I could warn myself.
201
My household brings in $176,000 a year, which is definitely better than the 50s and 60s, but you can kind of see that things are flattening out.
202
And in fact, I'm not making that much more than I was in the late 70s.
203
Check out my cool 90s house.
204
Costs me $273,000.
205
That's almost four times our yearly income.
206
Way more expensive than in the 50s.
207
Housing is getting a little less affordable.
208
Okay, the economy is doing well.
209
How are we sharing all of this economic prosperity?
210
Remember we started back in the 50s and we saw how the high income, the low income, and me, the middle income, we all saw similar growth in our income gains.
211
We all got in on economic growth equally.
212
That continued through the 70s.
213
But wait, look what happens right here.
214
Whoa, they're diverging.
215
It's around the 1980s when you see the top earners start to pull away from the rest of us.
216
Their income is going up faster than mine, and my income is going up a little faster than the low-income population.
217
Okay, that's unsettling.
218
I liked it more when they were all kind of like on top of each other, growing at the same rate.
219
We'll keep an eye on this graph, but there's a bunch of other graphs starting to come out.
220
Another divergence happening on how productive the economy is versus how much I get paid.
221
They're both going up at the same time.
222
I'm more productive, I get paid more.
223
Cool.
224
But around the same time, the same split happens.
225
My pay starts the flatline even as productivity continues to go up.
226
So then there's this period
227
that starts around 1979 in the early 80s where we see this pulling apart between economic growth
228
and what typical workers and their families receive from that economic growth.
229
So who's getting in on all this extra productivity?
230
This growth that's happening in our economy, if not me.
231
Well let's check in on those CEOs.
232
So remember back in the 70s, CEOs were making like 25 times more than the typical worker.
233
Kind of seems like a lot.
234
Let's see what happens here.
235
Oh my god look at this.
236
Okay, whoa, by the end of the 90s, CEOs are making almost 400 times the typical worker.
237
And I thought 20 times was a lot.
238
Those at the top are receiving much larger shares of
239
that growing economy than those at the middle or at the bottom of the wage distribution.
240
So that pulling apart, that increasing economic inequality is apparent no matter how you look at it.
241
That high is going increasingly to the very top.
242
Okay, okay, but isn't inequality often seen as a byproduct of rapid economic growth?
243
Could this be a good thing for our economy?
244
Yes, people are getting really rich really fast, but it's because they're innovating and making our economy more productive.
245
And plus, everything I've shown you is before taxes, guys.
246
So like, the rich pay a lot of taxes.
247
Okay, so let's see what happens to the income of the rich people after taxes.
248
Here we go.
249
Oh, okay.
250
Well.
251
Well, the taxes didn't do that much.
252
There's something going on here.
253
The rich are getting really rich really fast.
254
I mean, what these lines all show is that 1980 was kind of this inflection point in our economy,
255
where the top earners kind of started to get in on most of the prosperity.
256
And yes, there are economists who argue that inequality isn't bad for an economy.
257
It actually spurs growth and investment into the economy and eventually that raises all boats.
258
It trickles down.
259
And advocates for this way of thinking say that we shouldn't focus on inequality but instead on poverty reduction.
260
Okay, poverty reduction, how we doing?
261
Poverty plummeted after World War II, but you can see that at this time, like 1980, when inequality starts to get really bad,
262
poverty basically stays the same.
263
Goes up for big series of years.
264
So this is concerning, and this is my interpretation of the data.
265
I'm sure some of you have very different interpretations and I would love to see you down in the comments.
266
Anyway, let's check in on the American dream.
267
America is all about big risks big rewards so yeah inequality is happening
268
but like if you can go from rags to riches maybe that's very American and okay.
269
If I was born in 1970s I'm now an adult in the 1990s
270
and the data says that 59% of us born to the middle income will out earn our parents.
271
So that means that 40% of my peers here in the middle income will earn the same or less than their parents,
272
even as we are seeing all of this economic growth.
273
I mean you can see this trend here.
274
The American dream of being able to move up the ladder is becoming less
275
and less a reality for a bigger and bigger portion of the population.
276
Okay, so that was a big change from all the trends.
277
Let's see what happens next.
278
People assume that time is a strict progression of cause to effect, but actually it's more like a big ball of wibbly wobbly timey wimey stuff.
279
Okay, we're moving into the new millennium.
280
America's fighting a couple of wars.
281
The economy is actually doing pretty well until, whoops, whoa, the bankers got a little loosey-goosey for a couple of years making obscene amounts of money
282
and crashing the entire world economy.
283
But okay, Let's move on from the biggest recession of our time.
284
We're arriving to the 2010s.
285
This is a world that most of us are familiar with.
286
Let's see how the median income earner fares.
287
I don't work in a factory anymore.
288
All of those jobs have dried up and been shipped to Asia.
289
So I now work as a middle manager at an insurance company, and my household income is $81,000 a year.
290
Which is, wait a minute, same as 1997, but wait, during this same 13-year period from 1997 to 2010, the economy grew by this much.
291
I mean, that line's going up.
292
The economy's making more stuff.
293
There's more prosperity.
294
Even when you adjust for inflation per capita, the economy grew.
295
There should be more to go around.
296
But my household pay is the same as it was 13 years previous.
297
Why?
298
Well, we'll see in a second.
299
But first, let's talk about my house.
300
I always love talking about my house.
301
Look at this beauty.
302
I can still afford a house.
303
In fact, here in like post-recession America, housing prices are actually pretty low.
304
The bubble burst.
305
Interest rates had to go down to stimulate the economy.
306
And so home purchasing was actually pretty accessible for a few years.
307
But don't worry, housing prices will be back on the rise in a second.
308
And in fact, they'll start rising faster than my income, making housing less and less affordable.
309
And homeownership still seems to be available mostly for certain groups and not as much for others.
310
In fact, that hasn't changed much since the segregation days.
311
Meanwhile, I think I know what's going to happen to this graph.
312
Yep, the rich are just getting richer faster than my income is going up.
313
And my income is kind of stagnating.
314
Okay, what about the CEOs?
315
Do they pay a price for the big bubble person?
316
Nope, they didn't pay.
317
I mean, they kind of did up and down, but they're still, by the end of the decade, getting paid hundreds of times more than me.
318
Maybe they think they are hundreds of times more productive and they deserve it.
319
I mean, you get the point on the inequality stuff.
320
This is what we've been hearing about for a long time.
321
All of these graphs have the same shape.
322
This great divergence that happens in the 80s where the economy is growing, but the wages for the average person just kind of flatten
323
while the top earners just sort of get in on all of that prosperity.
324
Okay, but the American dream.
325
You can climb the ladder, right?
326
So if you were born in the 1980s, which I was, you're now an adult in the 2010s, and it looks like for the median earner,
327
the majority of us will earn the same or less than our parents.
328
Yeah, this is a problem, and probably doesn't seem fair to a lot of people.
329
But wait, there's hope.
330
Star Trek, Terminator, Time Cop, Time After Time, Quantum Leap, Wrinkle in Time, Somewhere in Time, Hot Tub Time Machine.
331
Hot Tub Time Machine.
332
Okay, I'm back.
333
2025, that's when I'm making this video.
334
So that's modern day for me.
335
We went through a pandemic, the economy kind of got freaked out for a little bit
336
and the median income earner actually started to see some gains after years and years of flatlining.
337
So you do see some potential movement here, some hope.
338
But let's get back to the original question that we started this video with.
339
Is the average American better off now than they were back in the 50s over these decades that we talked about?
340
In a lot of ways, the answer is yes.
341
Especially if you are a woman or not white, then the answer is yes, at least in terms of economic opportunity.
342
But what we've seen on this journey is
343
that the American economy has produced an incredible amount of prosperity and growth over these last seven decades.
344
And that was shared broadly by all of us for a time.
345
But in the last 30, 40 years, The data is very clear that the fruits of the economic growth these days have not been broadly shared.
346
One group is collecting most of the growth.
347
And I didn't even talk about wealth, like the stuff you just own and how that makes money.
348
We were talking just about income on this.
349
Now, this isn't the first time that we've been in this situation.
350
The top 10% collected almost half of all the income way back in the early 1900s before World War II.
351
But we changed that.
352
Look.
353
And the income starts to be distributed more equally.
354
But this graph tells the same story.
355
Look, 1980, boom, here it goes.
356
We're back.
357
We're back to where we were.
358
Now, does this mean that our economy is broken?
359
No, actually, our economy is not broken.
360
It is working exactly how it was designed to work.
361
And this and this and this and this, It's the result of changes to the rules,
362
policies that end up determining who gets the money and who doesn't.
363
These policies are made by people that we elect.
364
And if we don't think that this is fair, we have the power to pressure them to design a system that is fair.
365
Now, the medium income earner doesn't have nearly as much power these days.
366
The top income earners
367
and the corporations have really gotten their foot in the door for the people who have the power to set the rules.
368
So it's harder than ever, but this still is a democracy.
369
If we don't think a system is fair, we still have the power to pressure our politicians to change it.
370
And it's not actually just about income inequality.
371
Yes, that has risen.
372
The rich get richer much faster.
373
It's also about the American dream, this idea of being able to move up.
374
If you get educated, if you work hard, as inequality has gone up, the American dream has gone down.
375
These graphs are built on robust data, And this is the story that it tells.
376
The rungs of the economic ladder have gotten wider and wider apart.
377
And that American dream, ironically a term coined by a rich investment banker born into a rich family in New York City,
378
that dream is looking more and more like a myth.
379
I can't repeat the past.
380
No. Why, of course you can. Of course you can.
ऐप डाउनलोड करें
धाराप्रवाह बोलने के लिए ज़रूरी सब कुछ
AI उच्चारण स्कोरहर वाक्य का स्कोर
IPA अभ्यासहर ध्वनि में महारत
शब्दावलीअपना शब्द भंडार बनाएँ
शब्द गेमखेलते हुए सीखें
उसी चैनल से
B21
What I've been working on all year
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
The REAL reason China built so much
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
At North Korea’s Border
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
What’s really happening in the ocean’s “dark zones”
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B24
The Internet Didn't Fail. It Was Taken.
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Your Olive Oil is (probably) a Lie
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Why This Country Was Erased From History
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
The Problem With Elon Musk
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Why is Russia So DAMN BIG?
American AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
What’s ACTUALLY Happening in North Korea
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B210
How The US Stole The Panama Canal, Mapped
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
Why you’re so tired
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
अनुशंसित वीडियो
B1106
18 वाक्य
You Are Not Behind
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
60 वाक्य
Analysis | What does the American Dream mean in 2025?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
826 वाक्य
Finance Expert: How You Talk About Money Matters Ft. Vivian Tu
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B135
60 वाक्य
B1 English Listening Practice - Stereotypes
American AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B22
113 वाक्य
How Life Will Look Like In 2050
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B236
24 वाक्य
The Economics of Happiness - Trailer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2210
34 वाक्य
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Cities, Housing and Transport
American AccentBritish AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
148 वाक्य
NZ vs Australia: Where Is It Cheaper to Live in 2025?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2167 वाक्य
The Differences Between Generations — And What They Mean for a Changing America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
111 वाक्य
🚨 WHY YOU ARE GETTING POORER - Cost Of Living Crisis Accelerates
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
167 वाक्य
Why I left America for good
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 380 वाक्य और 4326 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 24:05 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 180 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| graph संज्ञा | /ɡɹæf/ | लेखाचित्र, ग्राफ़ |
| prosperity संज्ञा | /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ | समृद्धि, संपन्नता |
| inequality संज्ञा | /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ | असमानता |
| earn क्रिया | /ɝn/ | कमाना |
| ladder संज्ञा | /ˈlæd.ɚ/ | सीढ़ी |
| inflation संज्ञा | /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ | मुद्रास्फीति |
| poverty संज्ञा | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ग़रीबी, निर्धनता |
| arrive क्रिया | /əˈɹaɪv/ | पहुँचना, आना |
| recession संज्ञा | /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ | मंदी |
| whoa | /woʊ/ | वाह |
| wage संज्ञा | /weɪd͡ʒ/ | वेतन, तनख़्वाह |
| worker संज्ञा | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | मज़दूर, श्रमिक |
| reduction संज्ञा | /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/ | कटौती |
| collect क्रिया | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | शामिल होने, इकट्ठा करना |
| climb क्रिया | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | चढ़ना |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 91 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, we're, we've। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, myth /mɪθ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: prosperity /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/, inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, interpretation /ɪnˌtɜːpɹəˈteɪʃən/, accessible /əkˈsɛs.ɪ.bəl/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर graph, prosperity, inequality जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — पहले शुरू हुआ काम जो अब भी जारी है | I've been growing · we've been hearing |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has grown · We've added · we've created |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is entitled · has been shared · being shared |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | country, which is · people who weren · inflation, which is |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।