शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why Jakarta is sinking - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
पाठ बनाया जा रहा है...
1
This is Waladuna Mosque in Jakarta.
2
Its roof is in ruins.
3
Moss covers the walls.
4
And sea water flows through every corner of it.
5
The last time people prayed here was in 2001, back when it was above ground.
6
Today, it’s a warning sign.
7
It signals what could happen to Indonesia’s capital city if things don’t change soon.
8
Because, even though Jakarta faces the same sea rising levels as other coastal cities around the world, that’s not quite what we’re looking at here.
9
Jakarta is sinking. And it’s been sinking for decades.
10
These blue areas show just how much the city has sunk since the 1970s.
11
The darker the area gets, the more it's dropped.
12
Here's how much it's descended today.
13
Most of the sinking happens here, in the north coast, where Jakarta meets the Java Sea.
14
Here, the land is sinking by about 25 cm a year, destabilizing the area, damaging homes, and upending people’s lives, over and over again.
15
Many residents here are fishermen, who need to live by the coast to make a living, but, further inland, Jakarta’s more than 10 million residents are also at risk.
16
A huge portion of the city, and the homes of millions, could be underwater by 2050.
17
Jakarta sits on a swampy plain, on low coastal land.
18
It has 13 rivers that drain through it.
19
But the reason the city is sinking is actually that most people here don’t have enough water.
20
Most Jakartans lack access to clean, piped water.
21
Instead, they get their water by digging wells like this one.
22
The pumps go deep into the ground to extract the water stored in aquifers, underground layers of rock that hold groundwater.
23
The porous spaces of the rock are filled with it.
24
Multiply this by a few million, and you have a problem.
25
Think of the rock as a soaked sponge: the more water is extracted, the more it deflates, causing the soil to compact and collapse, and the ground above it to sink.
26
Pumps alone shouldn’t be able to do this.
27
While some layers of earth will never recover their water, aquifers are usually refilled naturally when it rains.
28
But in Jakarta, that’s becoming increasingly rare.
29
For decades, Jakarta has been developing at a fast pace, and is now covered in concrete.
30
So the rainfall that would usually fill up the aquifers isn’t being absorbed.
31
It’s gotten so bad that in coastal areas prone to flooding, like the fishing community Muara Baru, people have built makeshift bridges to move through their neighborhoods.
32
Combined with sea level rise, it's also made floods during high tide and rainy seasons much more dangerous.
33
Like in 2007, when Jakarta experienced one of the worst floods in its modern history.
34
A storm and high tide caused rivers and canals around the city to overflow, killing 80 people.
35
Maksim has already lost his home to the sinking, and now sleeps on his fishing boat.
36
And Nondho has had to rebuild his home several times.
37
Groundwater pumping is putting Jakarta’s survival at risk.
38
But to understand how it got into this situation to begin with, you have to go back centuries.
39
In the 1600s, when European powers were colonizing the world, the Dutch took over what was then the port town of Jayakarta.
40
They razed it to the ground, and in its place, built Batavia: a headquarters for their growing empire.
41
They began to rule over the Indonesian, Chinese, Indian, and Arab people who had lived there for centuries, and built their new city in the Dutch style, with narrow townhouses along a grid of canals.
42
The canals were used for trade, defense, and to make Batavia feel like a Dutch city.
43
But look at Batavia from above, and you can see the city grid served a darker purpose, too.
44
If you look closely, you'll notice that there aren’t many bridges between the two sides, or between the blocks.
45
This was by design. The Dutch were outnumbered.
46
So, in order to control the local population, they divided it.
47
It looked like this.
48
Pretty much every group was confined to their city quarter.
49
The Dutch ruled over the local population like this for over a century.
50
But that began to change in the mid-1700s.
51
Because the Dutch didn’t properly maintain the canals, they began to deteriorate, and sediment from earthquakes blocked the flow of water.
52
The water in the canals turned stagnant, and soon, deadly.
53
As disease spread through the canals, the wealthier Dutch moved south of Batavia, where they began to develop a new colonial administrative center.
54
But, despite the death and disease, the Dutch continued to leave the canals untreated.
55
Instead, they began to use piped water.
56
In the 1870s, they developed the first centralized water supply, with iron pipes to distribute water to homes.
57
The pipes provided clean drinking water and indoor bathrooms.
58
But the pipes were concentrated in these areas, where the Dutch had moved to.
59
The indigenous population was left in informal settlements, called "kampongs," far from the piped water.
60
And this created a new kind of division in the city.
61
Native residents had to rely on street vendors for water.
62
But most often, they were forced to get their water from the neglected canals.
63
It took decades before pipes were finally built in these communities.
64
And when they were, it would only be a few public standpipes.
65
This continued through 1949.
66
After an armed conflict, the Dutch finally recognized Indonesia’s independence, and left.
67
The legacy they left behind was a sprawling city, built on marshland, and segregated by water access, that, now, Jakartans had to deal with.
68
Over the next decades, Jakarta’s population skyrocketed.
69
More people required more housing, more stores, and more streets.
70
And the city expanded fast.
71
But its water infrastructure still doesn’t serve the majority of the city.
72
This chart shows how much of Jakarta’s population has piped water.
73
It was 12 percent in the 50s, and is still under 50 percent today.
74
Many of the people without access to piped water have no other choice but to keep pumping groundwater to survive.
75
And the city continues to sink.
76
The situation has gotten so bad, the Indonesian government has talked about moving the capital, from Jakarta, to the neighboring island of Borneo.
77
But that won’t help the millions of people living in Jakarta.
78
To save the city, in 2014, the government announced a project, in collaboration with a Dutch architecture firm, to build and reinforce 120 km of seawalls, to stop the water from flooding the land as it sinks.
79
But so far, only these 10 kilometers have been reinforced.
80
Like this one in Muara Baru.
81
The problem is that, just like the rest of Jakarta, the seawall is sinking.
82
The project also includes an ambitious $40 billion plan to build a 38 km wall, shaped like a massive bird, to protect the coast from flooding.
83
But this project could take up to 30 years to complete.
84
And by then, Jakarta could have lost most of its coastal land.
85
Jakarta will continues to sink until groundwater stops being pumped.
86
And groundwater will continue to be pumped until the government provides an alternative.
87
This has been done before. In the 1950s, Tokyo managed to stop severe sinking by providing piped water.
88
Taipei, Shanghai, Bangkok, are other cities in the region that have managed to stop their cities from sinking.
89
But time is running out.
90
Jakarta has been free of Dutch rule for a little over 70 years now.
91
But the way the Dutch built their city, carved it up, and restricted its water, plagues it to this day.
92
Jakarta is sinking into the sea.
93
And, until its government figures out how to provide clean, piped water for its citizens, that will continue to be its reality.
94
For as long as it’s still here.
📺 उसी चैनल से
B21
Sen. Murphy vs. Trump's corruption | Today, Explained
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
Five things you need to know for the 2026 midterms | America, Actually
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
Why are weddings so damn expensive?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Are headphones destroying our hearing?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
We’re already using AI more than we realize
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
The Ticketmaster monopoly is over, now what?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
The biggest peach myth in America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B28
How to solve problems like a designer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The origin of the '80s aesthetic
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B217
Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B22
How F1 drivers survive their own cars
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
Why 350°F is the magic number for baking
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
How did pink become a girly color?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Food waste is the world's dumbest problem
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Why AI art struggles with hands
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
How the rich avoid paying taxes
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B25
Zohran Mamdani on his first priorities as NYC mayor (Full video interview)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
✨ अनुशंसित वीडियो
B2166 वाक्य
How a Glacier Collapse Triggered Nepal’s Deadly Flash Flood
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
74 वाक्य
ENGLISH SPEECH | ELON MUSK: The Power of Solar Energy (English Subtitles)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
B24
35 वाक्य
RE2 Unit 6A
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
227 वाक्य
When Heat Becomes "Unsurvivable": How Do We Adapt? | CNA Correspondent
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
B23
13 वाक्य
Dig Deep, Power a City
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B221
7 वाक्य
How To Keep a Skyscraper From Falling Over
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B221
46 वाक्य
Reading Unit 10A
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B292
34 वाक्य
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Cities, Housing and Transport
American AccentBritish AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B235
31 वाक्य
Untangled: What's eating our planet?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
180 वाक्य
FULL SPEECH: King Abdullah of Jordan Slams Israel, Calls West Bank Displacement a War Crime | AC1G
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
56 वाक्य
What if the world runs out of sand? | The Royal Society
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2217
43 वाक्य
How mass tourism is destroying cities
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
इस वीडियो के साथ बोलने का अभ्यास क्यों करें?
इस वीडियो में जैकार्ता के सड़ते हुए हालात को दर्शाते हुए एक महत्वपूर्ण संदेश है। जब आप इस वीडियो को सुनते हैं, तब आप न केवल शहर के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त करते हैं, बल्कि विभिन्न बोलने के तरीकों और भावनाओं को भी समझते हैं। इससे आपको अपनी अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार करने का एक अद्भुत अवसर मिलता है। जैकार्ता के लोग जैसे कि मक्सिम और नोंधो की कहानियों के माध्यम से, आप बोलने की प्रैक्टिस के दौरान भावनाओं को व्यक्त करने के कई तरीके सीख सकते हैं। वीडियो के संवादों को सुनकर, आप अच्छी तरह से अपनी आवाज, टोन और लहजे में विविधता ला सकते हैं।
व्याकरण और संदर्भ में अभिव्यक्तियाँ
इस वीडियो में कई महत्वपूर्ण वाक्य संरचनाएँ और अभिव्यक्तियाँ हैं जो आपकी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमता को बढ़ा सकती हैं:
- "Jakarta is sinking." - एक सरल और स्पष्ट वाक्य जो स्थिति को दर्शाता है।
- "Most Jakartans lack access to clean, piped water." - यहाँ पर 'lack access to' का प्रयोग महत्वपूर्ण है, जो किसी चीज की कमी को दर्शाता है।
- "The darker the area gets, the more it's dropped." - यह एक तुलनात्मक वाक्य है जो एक स्थिति का विस्तार से विचार करता है।
- "Groundwater pumping is putting Jakarta’s survival at risk." - 'putting at risk' एक अभिव्यक्ति है जिसका अर्थ है किसी चीज को खतरे में डालना।
सामान्य उच्चारण जाल
इस वीडियो में कुछ शब्दों का उच्चारण विशेष रूप से चुनौतीपूर्ण हो सकता है:
- "Jakarta" - इस शब्द का सही उच्चारण करने पर ध्यान दें, क्योंकि यह कई भाषाओं में अलग-अलग उच्चारित हो सकता है।
- "aquifers" - इसे सही तरीके से उच्चारित करना महत्वपूर्ण है, क्योंकि यह एक तकनीकी शब्द है।
- "subsidence" - उच्चारण में मुश्किलें आ सकती हैं, खासकर अंग्रेजी के नए शिक्षार्थियों के लिए।
इस वीडियो को देखकर आप न केवल जानकारी प्राप्त करेंगे, बल्कि यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें के जरिए अपनी अंग्रेजी में निपुणता हासिल करने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कौशल भी विकसित करेंगे। बोलने के अभ्यास के लिए वीडियो का उपयोग करने से, आप shadow speaks और shadow speech की मदद से अपने उच्चारण में सुधार कर सकते हैं।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | are filled · is extracted · are usually refilled |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has sunk · have built · has already lost |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।