쉐도잉 연습: Why Jakarta is sinking - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
1
This is Waladuna Mosque in Jakarta.
2
Its roof is in ruins.
3
Moss covers the walls.
4
And sea water flows through every corner of it.
5
The last time people prayed here was in 2001, back when it was above ground.
6
Today, it’s a warning sign.
7
It signals what could happen to Indonesia’s capital city if things don’t change soon.
8
Because, even though Jakarta faces the same sea rising levels as other coastal cities around the world, that’s not quite what we’re looking at here.
9
Jakarta is sinking. And it’s been sinking for decades.
10
These blue areas show just how much the city has sunk since the 1970s.
11
The darker the area gets, the more it's dropped.
12
Here's how much it's descended today.
13
Most of the sinking happens here, in the north coast, where Jakarta meets the Java Sea.
14
Here, the land is sinking by about 25 cm a year, destabilizing the area, damaging homes, and upending people’s lives, over and over again.
15
Many residents here are fishermen, who need to live by the coast to make a living, but, further inland, Jakarta’s more than 10 million residents are also at risk.
16
A huge portion of the city, and the homes of millions, could be underwater by 2050.
17
Jakarta sits on a swampy plain, on low coastal land.
18
It has 13 rivers that drain through it.
19
But the reason the city is sinking is actually that most people here don’t have enough water.
20
Most Jakartans lack access to clean, piped water.
21
Instead, they get their water by digging wells like this one.
22
The pumps go deep into the ground to extract the water stored in aquifers, underground layers of rock that hold groundwater.
23
The porous spaces of the rock are filled with it.
24
Multiply this by a few million, and you have a problem.
25
Think of the rock as a soaked sponge: the more water is extracted, the more it deflates, causing the soil to compact and collapse, and the ground above it to sink.
26
Pumps alone shouldn’t be able to do this.
27
While some layers of earth will never recover their water, aquifers are usually refilled naturally when it rains.
28
But in Jakarta, that’s becoming increasingly rare.
29
For decades, Jakarta has been developing at a fast pace, and is now covered in concrete.
30
So the rainfall that would usually fill up the aquifers isn’t being absorbed.
31
It’s gotten so bad that in coastal areas prone to flooding, like the fishing community Muara Baru, people have built makeshift bridges to move through their neighborhoods.
32
Combined with sea level rise, it's also made floods during high tide and rainy seasons much more dangerous.
33
Like in 2007, when Jakarta experienced one of the worst floods in its modern history.
34
A storm and high tide caused rivers and canals around the city to overflow, killing 80 people.
35
Maksim has already lost his home to the sinking, and now sleeps on his fishing boat.
36
And Nondho has had to rebuild his home several times.
37
Groundwater pumping is putting Jakarta’s survival at risk.
38
But to understand how it got into this situation to begin with, you have to go back centuries.
39
In the 1600s, when European powers were colonizing the world, the Dutch took over what was then the port town of Jayakarta.
40
They razed it to the ground, and in its place, built Batavia: a headquarters for their growing empire.
41
They began to rule over the Indonesian, Chinese, Indian, and Arab people who had lived there for centuries, and built their new city in the Dutch style, with narrow townhouses along a grid of canals.
42
The canals were used for trade, defense, and to make Batavia feel like a Dutch city.
43
But look at Batavia from above, and you can see the city grid served a darker purpose, too.
44
If you look closely, you'll notice that there aren’t many bridges between the two sides, or between the blocks.
45
This was by design. The Dutch were outnumbered.
46
So, in order to control the local population, they divided it.
47
It looked like this.
48
Pretty much every group was confined to their city quarter.
49
The Dutch ruled over the local population like this for over a century.
50
But that began to change in the mid-1700s.
51
Because the Dutch didn’t properly maintain the canals, they began to deteriorate, and sediment from earthquakes blocked the flow of water.
52
The water in the canals turned stagnant, and soon, deadly.
53
As disease spread through the canals, the wealthier Dutch moved south of Batavia, where they began to develop a new colonial administrative center.
54
But, despite the death and disease, the Dutch continued to leave the canals untreated.
55
Instead, they began to use piped water.
56
In the 1870s, they developed the first centralized water supply, with iron pipes to distribute water to homes.
57
The pipes provided clean drinking water and indoor bathrooms.
58
But the pipes were concentrated in these areas, where the Dutch had moved to.
59
The indigenous population was left in informal settlements, called "kampongs," far from the piped water.
60
And this created a new kind of division in the city.
61
Native residents had to rely on street vendors for water.
62
But most often, they were forced to get their water from the neglected canals.
63
It took decades before pipes were finally built in these communities.
64
And when they were, it would only be a few public standpipes.
65
This continued through 1949.
66
After an armed conflict, the Dutch finally recognized Indonesia’s independence, and left.
67
The legacy they left behind was a sprawling city, built on marshland, and segregated by water access, that, now, Jakartans had to deal with.
68
Over the next decades, Jakarta’s population skyrocketed.
69
More people required more housing, more stores, and more streets.
70
And the city expanded fast.
71
But its water infrastructure still doesn’t serve the majority of the city.
72
This chart shows how much of Jakarta’s population has piped water.
73
It was 12 percent in the 50s, and is still under 50 percent today.
74
Many of the people without access to piped water have no other choice but to keep pumping groundwater to survive.
75
And the city continues to sink.
76
The situation has gotten so bad, the Indonesian government has talked about moving the capital, from Jakarta, to the neighboring island of Borneo.
77
But that won’t help the millions of people living in Jakarta.
78
To save the city, in 2014, the government announced a project, in collaboration with a Dutch architecture firm, to build and reinforce 120 km of seawalls, to stop the water from flooding the land as it sinks.
79
But so far, only these 10 kilometers have been reinforced.
80
Like this one in Muara Baru.
81
The problem is that, just like the rest of Jakarta, the seawall is sinking.
82
The project also includes an ambitious $40 billion plan to build a 38 km wall, shaped like a massive bird, to protect the coast from flooding.
83
But this project could take up to 30 years to complete.
84
And by then, Jakarta could have lost most of its coastal land.
85
Jakarta will continues to sink until groundwater stops being pumped.
86
And groundwater will continue to be pumped until the government provides an alternative.
87
This has been done before. In the 1950s, Tokyo managed to stop severe sinking by providing piped water.
88
Taipei, Shanghai, Bangkok, are other cities in the region that have managed to stop their cities from sinking.
89
But time is running out.
90
Jakarta has been free of Dutch rule for a little over 70 years now.
91
But the way the Dutch built their city, carved it up, and restricted its water, plagues it to this day.
92
Jakarta is sinking into the sea.
93
And, until its government figures out how to provide clean, piped water for its citizens, that will continue to be its reality.
94
For as long as it’s still here.
📺 같은 채널
B21
Sen. Murphy vs. Trump's corruption | Today, Explained
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
Five things you need to know for the 2026 midterms | America, Actually
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
Why are weddings so damn expensive?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Are headphones destroying our hearing?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
We’re already using AI more than we realize
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
The Ticketmaster monopoly is over, now what?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
The biggest peach myth in America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B28
How to solve problems like a designer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The origin of the '80s aesthetic
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B217
Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal
Business EnglishWorking Adults
B22
How F1 drivers survive their own cars
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
Why 350°F is the magic number for baking
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
How did pink become a girly color?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Food waste is the world's dumbest problem
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
Why AI art struggles with hands
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
How the rich avoid paying taxes
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B25
Zohran Mamdani on his first priorities as NYC mayor (Full video interview)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
✨ 추천 영상
B2166 문장
How a Glacier Collapse Triggered Nepal’s Deadly Flash Flood
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
74 문장
ENGLISH SPEECH | ELON MUSK: The Power of Solar Energy (English Subtitles)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
B24
35 문장
RE2 Unit 6A
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
227 문장
When Heat Becomes "Unsurvivable": How Do We Adapt? | CNA Correspondent
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
B23
13 문장
Dig Deep, Power a City
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B221
7 문장
How To Keep a Skyscraper From Falling Over
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B221
46 문장
Reading Unit 10A
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B293
34 문장
IELTS Speaking Part 3: Cities, Housing and Transport
American AccentBritish AccentIELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B235
31 문장
Untangled: What's eating our planet?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
180 문장
FULL SPEECH: King Abdullah of Jordan Slams Israel, Calls West Bank Displacement a War Crime | AC1G
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
56 문장
What if the world runs out of sand? | The Royal Society
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2217
43 문장
How mass tourism is destroying cities
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
이 수업에 대하여
이번 수업에서는 자카르타의 침몰 문제와 그 배경에 대해 학습합니다. 자카르타가 직면한 환경적 위기를 통해 영어로 복잡한 개념을 설명하고, 이를 바탕으로 자신의 의견을 표현하는 연습을 합니다. 본 영상을 통해 'shadowspeak' 기법을 활용해보며, 발음과 억양을 개선하고 자연스러운 대화를 이끌어낼 수 있는 방법을 익힐 것입니다. 자카르타의 역사와 지구 환경 문제를 살펴보며 영어 회화 연습에도 도움이 될 것입니다.
핵심 어휘 및 구문
- 침몰하다 (sinking) - 자카르타가 해수면 상승과 함께 땅이 가라앉는 현상.
- 해수면 상승 (sea level rise) - 해수면의 높이가 증가하는 현상.
- 지하수 (groundwater) - 지하에 있는 물, 자카르타에서 물 공급을 위해 추출됨.
- 홍수 (flood) - 수위가 상승하여 땅이 잠기는 현상, 자카르타에서 종종 발생.
- 침수 (submersion) - 물속에 잠기는 상태, 자카르타의 위험 요소 중 하나.
- 인프라 (infrastructure) - 도시의 기초 설비 및 구조물.
- 사막화 (desertification) - 땅이 황폐해지는 현상, 자카르타의 문제와 관련.
- 기후 변화 (climate change) - 기후의 지속적인 변화, 자카르타에 영향.
연습 팁
비디오에서 사용된 속도와 톤에 맞춰 shadowing 기법을 적용해 보세요. 처음에는 천천히 반복해보고, 익숙해지면 점차 속도를 올려 보세요. 자카르타의 침몰 문제처럼 복잡한 주제를 논의할 때는 특히 발음과 억양이 중요합니다. 영어 회화 연습을 하며 자연스럽게 대화를 이어가는 방법을 실습해 보세요. 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 다양한 레벨의 주제에 접근할 수 있으니, 자신의 견해를 덧붙여 보고, IELTS 스피킹 준비에 필요한 자연스러운 의사 소통 능력도 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 다양한 소재에 대해 생각해보고, 그에 대한 자신의 입장을 영어로 정리해보는 것도 큰 도움이 될 것입니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are filled · is extracted · are usually refilled |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has sunk · have built · has already lost |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.