쉐도잉 연습: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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This isn't a forest.

Not really.

It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees,

and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land.

It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure

that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate.

So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?

This video is presented by Delta Airlines.

Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change,

and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.

Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures.

Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities like Mumbai and Seoul that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding.

This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.

Urbanization changes habitats.

So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, It alters hydrology.

That's Dr. Charlie Nylon.

He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.

Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.

Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth.

We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants,

animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine.

And biodiversity is critical to defending the earth against climate change.

We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.

But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.

Cities have a big impact on what happens locally.

Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species which are native, so that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.

Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.

The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.

One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish.

Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water.

And that's where sponge cities come in.

In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country.

The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention,

and create a diverse biological environment.

Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions,

like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.

In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems.

That's because for centuries, Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind.

A study from the scientific journal

Water recreated some of these old practices.

Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below,

and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and stormwater.

Today, natural solutions like these have been re -implemented in major cities across China.

In Xi 'an 'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system

that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.

Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation, to absorb excess water into the soil underground.

And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before or it overwhelms communities.

Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water.

This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.

Because you're providing habitat for additional groups, plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.

Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything.

The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied.

But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.

In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city.

More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.

There are other limitations too.

One review of sponge cities in Guayan, New District, found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate,

hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next.

So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate -related problems in others.

Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.

So some US cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like LA and Boston,

are using the green space they already have by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs

and creating green spaces along median stripes.

One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change, but they can make a difference in how we live with

it we often talk about biodiversity like it's far away

but it's actually right there and I think the more

that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live

that really matters people can do things to change cities

they can do things to make cities different they can do things to make cities better

Transcription by CastingWords

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How China is designing flood-resistant cities”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: cities, biodiversity, sponge, climate, urban. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 75개와 단어 954개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:27입니다. 화자는 분당 약 148단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 78%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
sponge 명사	/spʌnd͡ʒ/	갯솜, 스펀지
infrastructure 명사	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	기반시설, 기간시설
flood 명사	/flʌd/	한물, 홍수
excess 명사	/ˈɛksɛs/	우수리
vegetation 명사	/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/	식생, 초목
rely 동사	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	의지(依支)하다
capture 동사	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	포획하다
pipe 명사	/ˈpaɪp/	피리
architect 명사	/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/	설계자, 계획자
soak 동사	/soʊk/	잠기다
complicated 형용사	/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/	복잡하다
defend 동사	/dɪˈfɪnd/	방어하다
occur 동사	/əˈkɜː/	일어나다, 발생하다
economics 명사	/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/	경제학
flower 명사	/ˈfloʊɚ/	꽃

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is presented · is only made · are designed
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have been · have been lost
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	species which are · pavement, which is

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, can't, won't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 10번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, flood /flʌd/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, defend /dɪˈfɪnd/, flower /ˈfloʊɚ/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, pavement /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/, diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/, solve /sɒlv/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, eaves /ivz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, sponge, infrastructure, flood 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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