Pratique du Shadowing: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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This isn't a forest.
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Not really.
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It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees,
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and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land.
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It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure
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that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate.
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So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?
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This video is presented by Delta Airlines.
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Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change,
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and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.
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Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures.
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Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities like Mumbai and Seoul that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding.
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This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.
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Urbanization changes habitats.
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So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, It alters hydrology.
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That's Dr. Charlie Nylon.
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He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.
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Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.
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Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth.
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We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants,
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animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine.
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And biodiversity is critical to defending the earth against climate change.
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We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.
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But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.
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Cities have a big impact on what happens locally.
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Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species which are native, so that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.
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Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.
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The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.
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One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish.
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Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water.
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And that's where sponge cities come in.
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In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country.
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The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention,
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and create a diverse biological environment.
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Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions,
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like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.
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In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems.
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That's because for centuries, Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind.
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A study from the scientific journal
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Water recreated some of these old practices.
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Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below,
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and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and stormwater.
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Today, natural solutions like these have been re -implemented in major cities across China.
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In Xi 'an 'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system
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that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.
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Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation, to absorb excess water into the soil underground.
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And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before or it overwhelms communities.
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Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water.
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This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.
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Because you're providing habitat for additional groups, plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.
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Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything.
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The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied.
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But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.
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In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city.
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More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.
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There are other limitations too.
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One review of sponge cities in Guayan, New District, found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate,
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hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next.
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So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate -related problems in others.
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Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.
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So some US cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like LA and Boston,
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are using the green space they already have by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs
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and creating green spaces along median stripes.
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One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change, but they can make a difference in how we live with
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it we often talk about biodiversity like it's far away
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but it's actually right there and I think the more
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that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live
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that really matters people can do things to change cities
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they can do things to make cities different they can do things to make cities better
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Transcription by CastingWords
Télécharger l'application
Tout pour parler couramment
Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée
Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son
VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique
Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How China is designing flood-resistant cities ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : cities, biodiversity, sponge, climate, urban. Cette vidéo contient 75 phrases et 954 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:27. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 148 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| sponge nom | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | éponge |
| infrastructure nom | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | infrastructure |
| flood nom | /flʌd/ | inondation |
| absorb verbe | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorber |
| excess nom | /ˈɛksɛs/ | excès |
| vegetation nom | /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/ | végétation |
| rely verbe | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | compter sur |
| pavement nom | /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/ | revêtement, chaussée |
| concrete adjectif | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | concret |
| capture verbe | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | saisir, capturer |
| pipe nom | /ˈpaɪp/ | cornemuse |
| diverse adjectif | /daɪˈvɜːs/ | divers |
| architect nom | /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ | architecte |
| drainage nom | /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/ | drainage |
| soak verbe | /soʊk/ | tremper |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is presented · is only made · are designed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have been · have been lost |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | species which are · pavement, which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, can't, won't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, shanghai /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, drainage /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme sponge, infrastructure, flood.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.