Pratique du Shadowing: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Putin called this a special military operation, but it's clear this is a full -scale invasion.
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Russian troops and tanks have entered Ukraine on all fronts.
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All these cities are under attack, including the capital of Kyiv, which has become Putin's main target.
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Many are sheltering in basements and metro stations across Ukraine.
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There have been hundreds of casualties, and over half a million Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes.
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This is one of Europe's largest wars since World War II.
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Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.
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But now Putin wants to redraw Europe's map — by force.
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Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.
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We're not just close neighbors.
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We're one nation.
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But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language, culture, and political system.
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And while the two countries do have a shared history, Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.
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Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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In 1917, the Russian Revolution brought down the empire and the region spiraled into a civil war.
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Ukraine briefly gained independence from Russian rule, but was quickly taken over by the newly created
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Soviet Union as one of its first republics.
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Over the next decade, the Soviet Union brutally expanded its control.
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And by the end of World War II, it forged a sphere of influence over here, while the West held its influence over here,
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essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.
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The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side, which were easy for them to control.
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But the West developed into democracies with capitalist economies.
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The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides, and soon these fears hardened into military alliances.
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In 1949, these countries, along with the U .S and Canada, formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
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or NATO, and promised to defend each other from invasion.
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A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet -led
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Warsaw Pact alliance, and each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.
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Europe remained this way for decades, until one side finally collapsed.
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By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.
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The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.
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And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared as many countries overthrew their communist governments.
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Even though the Cold War ended, the alliance on the other side of Europe was still going strong.
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In fact, it was expanding.
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In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.
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In 2004, seven more countries joined.
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That moved NATO into the old
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Soviet sphere of influence, making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.
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Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post -Soviet countries left between
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Russia and NATO.
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But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.
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And that made them prime targets for Russia.
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Ukraine became a NATO partner in 1994, which brought them a step closer to becoming a member.
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And in 2013, they reached an association agreement with the European Union.
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But when it came time to sign the deal, Ukraine's pro -Russian government refused.
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Instead, they chose to strengthen ties with Russia.
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After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets to demand the agreement be signed.
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down and killed more than 100 people sparking more protests,
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which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.
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This meant Putin was losing political influence over Ukraine.
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So he decided to use force instead.
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First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.
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Then, Russia -backed separatists captured the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk and declared them independent of Ukraine.
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Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14 ,000 people and displaced nearly 2 million.
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For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions, destabilizing Ukraine and keeping it from moving closer to the West.
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But in November 2021, Putin decided to go all in.
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Satellite images showed at least 100 ,000 Russian troops and military equipment piling up along the border of Ukraine.
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Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.
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But weeks later, he presented his demands to the West.
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His main demand was that NATO stop expanding and move its military borders back to where they were in 1997, away from Russia's.
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Western leaders rejected his demands.
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Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.
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Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.
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And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.
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On February 21st, the threat of war became real.
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His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian -backed separatist regions under the pretense of peacekeeping.
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Ukraine announced a state of emergency, and President Zelenskyy made a direct appeal to the Russian people.
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Hours later, on February 24th, Putin launched a full -scale invasion in Ukraine.
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World leaders have spoken out against Russia's invasion.
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We condemn this barbaric attack and the cynical arguments to justify it.
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This hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure.
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Putin chose this war, and now he and his country will bear the consequences.
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Anti -war protests have broken out around the world, including in Russia, despite the risk of arrest.
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Neighboring nations have opened their borders as hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians attempt to flee.
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NATO's response force has been activated for the first time in history.
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And the U .S has sent additional troops to Eastern Europe.
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But in many ways, the world is treading carefully.
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Putin controls the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons, and has already threatened anyone who might interfere.
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So countries around the world are imposing some of the harshest economic sanctions to slow Putin down, and sending tons of military aid to support Ukraine.
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For now, Russian forces keep pushing deeper, but Ukraine is fighting back.
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our independence, our state.
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And so it will continue.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Putin's war on Ukraine, explained ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : Ukraine, Putin, Russia, Russian, Soviet. Cette vidéo contient 78 phrases et 1172 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:29. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 138 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| alliance nom | /əˈlaɪ.əns/ | alliance |
| invasion nom | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | invasion |
| sphere nom | /sfɪɚ/ | sphère, boule |
| protest nom | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ | protestation |
| expand verbe | /ɪkˈspænd/ | agrandir |
| guarantee nom | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantie |
| communist nom | /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ | communiste |
| announce verbe | /əˈnaʊn(t)s/ | annoncer |
| divide verbe | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | diviser, fendre |
| consequence nom | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | conséquence |
| declare verbe | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | déclarer |
| flee verbe | /ˈfliː/ | s'enfuir, prendre la fuite |
| invade verbe | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | envahir |
| defend verbe | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | défendre |
| carefully adverbe | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | soigneusement |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| break out verbe | s'échapper, s’évader | |
| build up verbe | s'accumuler, s'entasser | |
| carry out verbe | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | sortir, transporter dehors |
| crack down verbe | /kɹæk ˈdaʊn/ | sévir, frapper |
| fight back verbe | /faɪt bæk/ | contre-attaquer |
| pile up verbe | amonceler, empiler | |
| take away verbe | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | retirer |
| take over verbe | reprendre |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have entered · has become · have been |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | have been forced · has been shaped · was quickly taken |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | Kyiv, which has · side, which were · anyone who might |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, doesn't, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/, harden /ˈhɑɹdn̩/, hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/, justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/, forge /fɔɹd͡ʒ/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: troop /tɹup/, protest /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, crack /kɹæk/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme alliance, invasion, sphere.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.