跟读练习: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Putin called this a special military operation, but it's clear this is a full -scale invasion.

Russian troops and tanks have entered Ukraine on all fronts.

All these cities are under attack, including the capital of Kyiv, which has become Putin's main target.

Many are sheltering in basements and metro stations across Ukraine.

There have been hundreds of casualties, and over half a million Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes.

This is one of Europe's largest wars since World War II.

Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.

But now Putin wants to redraw Europe's map — by force.

Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.

We're not just close neighbors.

We're one nation.

But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language, culture, and political system.

And while the two countries do have a shared history, Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.

Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1917, the Russian Revolution brought down the empire and the region spiraled into a civil war.

Ukraine briefly gained independence from Russian rule, but was quickly taken over by the newly created

Soviet Union as one of its first republics.

Over the next decade, the Soviet Union brutally expanded its control.

And by the end of World War II, it forged a sphere of influence over here, while the West held its influence over here,

essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.

The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side, which were easy for them to control.

But the West developed into democracies with capitalist economies.

The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides, and soon these fears hardened into military alliances.

In 1949, these countries, along with the U .S and Canada, formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,

or NATO, and promised to defend each other from invasion.

A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet -led

Warsaw Pact alliance, and each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.

Europe remained this way for decades, until one side finally collapsed.

By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.

The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.

And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared as many countries overthrew their communist governments.

Even though the Cold War ended, the alliance on the other side of Europe was still going strong.

In fact, it was expanding.

In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.

In 2004, seven more countries joined.

That moved NATO into the old

Soviet sphere of influence, making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.

Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post -Soviet countries left between

Russia and NATO.

But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.

And that made them prime targets for Russia.

Ukraine became a NATO partner in 1994, which brought them a step closer to becoming a member.

And in 2013, they reached an association agreement with the European Union.

But when it came time to sign the deal, Ukraine's pro -Russian government refused.

Instead, they chose to strengthen ties with Russia.

After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets to demand the agreement be signed.

Ukraine!

Europe!

Ukraine!

Europe!

After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down and killed more than 100 people sparking more protests,

which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.

This meant Putin was losing political influence over Ukraine.

So he decided to use force instead.

First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.

Then, Russia -backed separatists captured the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk and declared them independent of Ukraine.

Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14 ,000 people and displaced nearly 2 million.

For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions, destabilizing Ukraine and keeping it from moving closer to the West.

But in November 2021, Putin decided to go all in.

Satellite images showed at least 100 ,000 Russian troops and military equipment piling up along the border of Ukraine.

Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.

But weeks later, he presented his demands to the West.

His main demand was that NATO stop expanding and move its military borders back to where they were in 1997, away from Russia's.

Western leaders rejected his demands.

Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.

Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.

And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.

On February 21st, the threat of war became real.

His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian -backed separatist regions under the pretense of peacekeeping.

Ukraine announced a state of emergency, and President Zelenskyy made a direct appeal to the Russian people.

Hours later, on February 24th, Putin launched a full -scale invasion in Ukraine.

World leaders have spoken out against Russia's invasion.

We condemn this barbaric attack and the cynical arguments to justify it.

This hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure.

Putin chose this war, and now he and his country will bear the consequences.

Anti -war protests have broken out around the world, including in Russia, despite the risk of arrest.

Neighboring nations have opened their borders as hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians attempt to flee.

NATO's response force has been activated for the first time in history.

And the U .S has sent additional troops to Eastern Europe.

But in many ways, the world is treading carefully.

Putin controls the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons, and has already threatened anyone who might interfere.

So countries around the world are imposing some of the harshest economic sanctions to slow Putin down, and sending tons of military aid to support Ukraine.

For now, Russian forces keep pushing deeper, but Ukraine is fighting back.

our independence, our state.

And so it will continue.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“Putin's war on Ukraine, explained”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：Ukraine, Putin, Russia, Russian, Soviet。这段视频共有 78 个句子、1172 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 8:29。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 138 个词，很适合跟读。只有 79% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
alliance 名词	/əˈlaɪ.əns/	同盟
invasion 名词	/ɪnˈveɪʒən/	侵占, 佔領 /占领
sphere 名词	/sfɪɚ/	球體 /球体
protest 名词	/ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/	抗議 /抗议
expand 动词	/ɪkˈspænd/	擴展 /扩展, 擴張 /扩张
guarantee 名词	/ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/	保證 /保证
communist 名词	/ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/	共產主義者 /共产主义者
announce 动词	/əˈnaʊn(t)s/	通告, 公布
divide 动词	/dɪˈvaɪd/	分, 分裂
consequence 名词	/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/	後果 /后果, 結果 /结果
declare 动词	/dɪˈklɛɚ/	宣布
flee 动词	/ˈfliː/	逃, 奔逃
invade 动词	/ɪnˈveɪd/	入侵, 侵入
defend 动词	/dɪˈfɪnd/	保衛 /保卫, 守衛 /守卫
carefully 副词	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	小心地

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	发音	释义
break out 动词		逃出
carry out 动词	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	進行 /进行
crack down 动词	/kɹæk ˈdaʊn/	嚴厲打擊 /严厉打击
take over 动词		接管, 接手

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have entered · has become · have been
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	have been forced · has been shaped · was quickly taken
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	Kyiv, which has · side, which were · anyone who might

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, doesn't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, invade /ɪnˈveɪd/, whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: troop /tɹup/, alliance /əˈlaɪ.əns/, protest /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, communist /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, briefly /ˈbɹiːfli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, drill /dɹɪl/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 alliance, invasion, sphere 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - 通过视频学习英语口语

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