Shadowing Practice: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - Learn English Speaking with Video
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85 משפטים
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Putin called this a special military operation, but it's clear this is a full -scale invasion.
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Russian troops and tanks have entered Ukraine on all fronts.
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All these cities are under attack, including the capital of Kyiv, which has become Putin's main target.
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Many are sheltering in basements and metro stations across Ukraine.
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There have been hundreds of casualties, and over half a million Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes.
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This is one of Europe's largest wars since World War II.
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Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.
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But now Putin wants to redraw Europe's map — by force.
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Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.
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We're not just close neighbors.
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We're one nation.
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But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language, culture, and political system.
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And while the two countries do have a shared history, Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.
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Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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In 1917, the Russian Revolution brought down the empire and the region spiraled into a civil war.
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Ukraine briefly gained independence from Russian rule, but was quickly taken over by the newly created
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Soviet Union as one of its first republics.
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Over the next decade, the Soviet Union brutally expanded its control.
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And by the end of World War II, it forged a sphere of influence over here, while the West held its influence over here,
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essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.
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The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side, which were easy for them to control.
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But the West developed into democracies with capitalist economies.
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The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides, and soon these fears hardened into military alliances.
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In 1949, these countries, along with the U .S and Canada, formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
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or NATO, and promised to defend each other from invasion.
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A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet -led
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Warsaw Pact alliance, and each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.
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Europe remained this way for decades, until one side finally collapsed.
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By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.
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The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.
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And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared as many countries overthrew their communist governments.
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Even though the Cold War ended, the alliance on the other side of Europe was still going strong.
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In fact, it was expanding.
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In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.
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In 2004, seven more countries joined.
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That moved NATO into the old
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Soviet sphere of influence, making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.
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Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post -Soviet countries left between
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Russia and NATO.
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But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.
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And that made them prime targets for Russia.
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Ukraine became a NATO partner in 1994, which brought them a step closer to becoming a member.
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And in 2013, they reached an association agreement with the European Union.
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But when it came time to sign the deal, Ukraine's pro -Russian government refused.
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Instead, they chose to strengthen ties with Russia.
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After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets to demand the agreement be signed.
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down and killed more than 100 people sparking more protests,
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which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.
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This meant Putin was losing political influence over Ukraine.
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So he decided to use force instead.
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First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.
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Then, Russia -backed separatists captured the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk and declared them independent of Ukraine.
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Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14 ,000 people and displaced nearly 2 million.
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For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions, destabilizing Ukraine and keeping it from moving closer to the West.
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But in November 2021, Putin decided to go all in.
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Satellite images showed at least 100 ,000 Russian troops and military equipment piling up along the border of Ukraine.
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Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.
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But weeks later, he presented his demands to the West.
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His main demand was that NATO stop expanding and move its military borders back to where they were in 1997, away from Russia's.
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Western leaders rejected his demands.
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Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.
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Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.
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And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.
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On February 21st, the threat of war became real.
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His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian -backed separatist regions under the pretense of peacekeeping.
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Ukraine announced a state of emergency, and President Zelenskyy made a direct appeal to the Russian people.
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Hours later, on February 24th, Putin launched a full -scale invasion in Ukraine.
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World leaders have spoken out against Russia's invasion.
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We condemn this barbaric attack and the cynical arguments to justify it.
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This hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure.
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Putin chose this war, and now he and his country will bear the consequences.
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Anti -war protests have broken out around the world, including in Russia, despite the risk of arrest.
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Neighboring nations have opened their borders as hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians attempt to flee.
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NATO's response force has been activated for the first time in history.
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And the U .S has sent additional troops to Eastern Europe.
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But in many ways, the world is treading carefully.
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Putin controls the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons, and has already threatened anyone who might interfere.
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So countries around the world are imposing some of the harshest economic sanctions to slow Putin down, and sending tons of military aid to support Ukraine.
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For now, Russian forces keep pushing deeper, but Ukraine is fighting back.
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our independence, our state.
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And so it will continue.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה מבוסס על הסרטון “Putin's war on Ukraine, explained”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: Ukraine, Putin, Russia, Russian, Soviet. בסרטון הזה יש 78 משפטים ו-1172 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 8:29. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-138 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. רק 79% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 מילים מהסרטון שכדאי ללמוד, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| alliance שם עצם | /əˈlaɪ.əns/ | בְּרִית |
| invasion שם עצם | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | פְּלִישָׁה |
| sphere שם עצם | /sfɪɚ/ | כַּדּוּר, סְפֶרָה |
| protest שם עצם | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ | מְחָאָה |
| expand פועל | /ɪkˈspænd/ | הרחיב, מתח |
| guarantee שם עצם | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | עַרְבוּת |
| communist שם עצם | /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ | קומוניסט \ קוֹמוּנִיסְט, קומוניסטית \ קוֹמוּנִיסְטִית |
| announce פועל | /əˈnaʊn(t)s/ | הוֹדִיעַ |
| divide פועל | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | חילק, פיצל |
| consequence שם עצם | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | תּוֹצָאָה, הַשְׁלָכָה |
| flee פועל | /ˈfliː/ | נָס |
| invade פועל | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | פָּלַשׁ |
| defend פועל | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | הֵגֵן |
| suffer פועל | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | סבל |
| deny פועל | /dəˈnaɪ/ | הכחיש, כָּפַר |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| crack down פועל | /kɹæk ˈdaʊn/ | נקט אמצעים, דיכא |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have entered · has become · have been |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | have been forced · has been shaped · was quickly taken |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | Kyiv, which has · side, which were · anyone who might |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-5 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו we're, doesn't, I'm. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, weaker /ˈwikɚ/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, crack /kɹæk/, satellite /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: troop /tɹup/, protest /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, crack /kɹæk/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו alliance, invasion, sphere.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.