Shadowing Practice: The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice - Learn English Speaking with Video

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62 משפטים
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1
This is an airplane engine.
2
It's sitting in a field in Beshaftu, Ethiopia, part of the wreckage of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, which crashed on March 10, 2019.
3
157 people died.
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This was just a few months after another flight, Lion Air 610, crashed in Indonesia and killed 189 people.
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These two flights were operating the same plane, the Boeing 737 MAX 8.
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And its engine is the key to understanding why this particular plane has caused so many problems.
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But there's nothing actually wrong with this engine.
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In fact, airplane manufacturers race to put them on their new planes.
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That's where the problems started.
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The two biggest airplane manufacturers in the world are Airbus and Boeing.
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And they have a fierce rivalry.
12
If one of them can offer a better plane, the other could lose a lot of money.
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That's exactly what was about to happen in 2010.
14
Airbus announced that they would update their most popular model, the A320, a single -aisle airplane that services many domestic flights.
15
You've probably been on one.
16
For this new plane, Airbus had a big update.
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It would have a new kind of engine.
18
It was much larger than the previous engine, but it would make the plane 15 % more fuel -efficient.
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And just as importantly, this upgrade wouldn't change the plane that much.
20
A pilot could walk into the new model with little additional training and be on their way.
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It was called the A320neo, and it would save airlines a lot of money.
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This was a problem for Boeing.
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To compete with Airbus, Boeing's obvious move was to upgrade the engine on their single -aisle plane, the 737.
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But there was one issue.
25
Here's a sketch of the 737 next to the Airbus A320.
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Notice how the 737 is lower to the ground than the A320.
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This meant Airbus could slide a new engine under the wing of their A320, but there wasn't enough room under the wing of the Boeing 737.
28
But a few months later, Boeing's product development head had big news.
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He said, Their solution was to move up the engine on the wing,
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so that it would be slightly higher, and it would fit on their 737s.
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Here's a promotional video of that updated 737 in the air.
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You can actually see that the top of the engine is above the wing.
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Boeing called this model the 737 MAX.
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And just like Airbus with the A320, Boeing said that their new plane was so similar to its predecessor that pilots would only need minimal additional training.
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The 737 MAX became the hottest selling plane on the market.
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And it helped Boeing keep up with Airbus.
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Except moving the engine up on the 737 had a side effect.
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When the 737 MAX was in full thrust, like during takeoff, the nose tended to point too far upward, which could lead to a stall.
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This was a problem because these planes were supposed to behave exactly like the old ones.
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So Boeing came up with a workaround.
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Instead of re -engineering the planes, they installed software that automatically pushed the nose downward if the pilot flew the plane at too high of an angle.
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They called it the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, or MCAS.
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But because Boeing was selling the 737 MAX as pretty much the same plane as the 737, they didn't highlight the new MCAS system.
44
Many pilots only got a two -hour iPad course before entering the cockpit for the first time.
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And the training material didn't mention the MCAS software.
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In 2018, several American pilots complained to the federal government that the 737 MAX was suddenly nosing down.
47
On October 29, 2018, Lion Air Flight 610 took off from Jakarta.
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In the flight report, which shows the plane's altitude over time, you can see that the plane was in full thrust during takeoff.
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But at a certain point, the nose of the plane kept lurching downward.
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The pilots couldn't figure out why this was happening.
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The captain asked the first officer to check the quick reference handbook.
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They couldn't find the solution.
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The pilots continued to fight with the MCAS.
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The plane struggled to gain altitude.
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Reports show it was likely because the computer was getting incorrect sensor data, pushing the plane toward the Earth below.
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12 minutes after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Java Sea.
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In the Ethiopia crash, the report shows that the pilots were actually able to disable the MCAS, but it was too late to overcome the malfunctioning MCAS sensors.
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For now, nearly every 737 MAX 8 in service has been grounded.
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And the Federal Aviation Administration is facing scrutiny over how they rushed this plane through certification.
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Boeing's response has been to apply a software update that makes the MCAS less aggressive, while also saying they'll increase pilot training on how to turn it off.
61
This problem started with the company's race to compete with its rival.
62
It pushed them to pretend like their new plane behaved exactly like their old one, Even when it didn't

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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה

שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: plane, engine, Boeing, pilot, Airbus. בסרטון הזה יש 62 משפטים ו-820 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 5:34. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-147 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. רק 81% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.

אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה

10 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:

מילההגייהמשמעות
airplane שם עצם/ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/מָטוֹס, אווירון
downward תואר הפועל/ˈdaʊnwɚd/מַטָּה, לְמַטָּה
behave פועל/bɪˈheɪv/הִתְנַהֵג
airline שם עצם/ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/חֶבְרַת תְּעוּפָה
cockpit שם עצם/ˈkɑkˌpɪt/קוֹקְפִּיט
upward תואר הפועל/ˈʌpwɚd/מַעְלָה
stall שם עצם/stɔːl/תָּא
handbook שם עצם/ˈhændˌbʊk/סֵפֶר עֵזֶר, סֵפֶר כִּיס
sketch שם עצם/ˈskɛt͡ʃ/סְקִיצָה
rival שם עצם/ˈɹaɪvəl/יָרִיב, מִתְחָרֶה

Phrasal verbs שתשמעו

מילהמשמעות
figure out פועלהֵבִין, מצא תשובה

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנהבסרטון
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיוhas caused · You've probably been · has been grounded
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולהwas called · has been grounded

הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה

הדובר משתמש ב-9 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו didn't, couldn't, they'll. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.

  • הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/, promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, certification /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
  • מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: predecessor /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/, promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, certification /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/

צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:

  • /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: downward /ˈdaʊnwɚd/, workaround /ˈwɜːk.əɹaʊnd/, upward /ˈʌpwɚd/
  • /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: altitude /ˈælt.ɪˌtjuːd/, malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/, handbook /ˈhændˌbʊk/
  • /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, thrust /θɹʌst/, airline /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/, workaround /ˈwɜːk.əɹaʊnd/, wreckage /ˈɹɛkɪdʒ/

איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה

  1. הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
  2. תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
  3. הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו airplane, downward, behave.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →