シャドーイング練習: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Putin called this a special military operation, but it's clear this is a full -scale invasion.

Russian troops and tanks have entered Ukraine on all fronts.

All these cities are under attack, including the capital of Kyiv, which has become Putin's main target.

Many are sheltering in basements and metro stations across Ukraine.

There have been hundreds of casualties, and over half a million Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes.

This is one of Europe's largest wars since World War II.

Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.

But now Putin wants to redraw Europe's map — by force.

Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.

We're not just close neighbors.

We're one nation.

But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language, culture, and political system.

And while the two countries do have a shared history, Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.

Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.

In 1917, the Russian Revolution brought down the empire and the region spiraled into a civil war.

Ukraine briefly gained independence from Russian rule, but was quickly taken over by the newly created

Soviet Union as one of its first republics.

Over the next decade, the Soviet Union brutally expanded its control.

And by the end of World War II, it forged a sphere of influence over here, while the West held its influence over here,

essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.

The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side, which were easy for them to control.

But the West developed into democracies with capitalist economies.

The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides, and soon these fears hardened into military alliances.

In 1949, these countries, along with the U .S and Canada, formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,

or NATO, and promised to defend each other from invasion.

A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet -led

Warsaw Pact alliance, and each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.

Europe remained this way for decades, until one side finally collapsed.

By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.

The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.

And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared as many countries overthrew their communist governments.

Even though the Cold War ended, the alliance on the other side of Europe was still going strong.

In fact, it was expanding.

In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.

In 2004, seven more countries joined.

That moved NATO into the old

Soviet sphere of influence, making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.

Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post -Soviet countries left between

Russia and NATO.

But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.

And that made them prime targets for Russia.

Ukraine became a NATO partner in 1994, which brought them a step closer to becoming a member.

And in 2013, they reached an association agreement with the European Union.

But when it came time to sign the deal, Ukraine's pro -Russian government refused.

Instead, they chose to strengthen ties with Russia.

After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets to demand the agreement be signed.

Ukraine!

Europe!

Ukraine!

Europe!

After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down and killed more than 100 people sparking more protests,

which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.

This meant Putin was losing political influence over Ukraine.

So he decided to use force instead.

First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.

Then, Russia -backed separatists captured the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk and declared them independent of Ukraine.

Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14 ,000 people and displaced nearly 2 million.

For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions, destabilizing Ukraine and keeping it from moving closer to the West.

But in November 2021, Putin decided to go all in.

Satellite images showed at least 100 ,000 Russian troops and military equipment piling up along the border of Ukraine.

Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.

But weeks later, he presented his demands to the West.

His main demand was that NATO stop expanding and move its military borders back to where they were in 1997, away from Russia's.

Western leaders rejected his demands.

Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.

Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.

And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.

On February 21st, the threat of war became real.

His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian -backed separatist regions under the pretense of peacekeeping.

Ukraine announced a state of emergency, and President Zelenskyy made a direct appeal to the Russian people.

Hours later, on February 24th, Putin launched a full -scale invasion in Ukraine.

World leaders have spoken out against Russia's invasion.

We condemn this barbaric attack and the cynical arguments to justify it.

This hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure.

Putin chose this war, and now he and his country will bear the consequences.

Anti -war protests have broken out around the world, including in Russia, despite the risk of arrest.

Neighboring nations have opened their borders as hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians attempt to flee.

NATO's response force has been activated for the first time in history.

And the U .S has sent additional troops to Eastern Europe.

But in many ways, the world is treading carefully.

Putin controls the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons, and has already threatened anyone who might interfere.

So countries around the world are imposing some of the harshest economic sanctions to slow Putin down, and sending tons of military aid to support Ukraine.

For now, Russian forces keep pushing deeper, but Ukraine is fighting back.

our independence, our state.

And so it will continue.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Putin's war on Ukraine, explained」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Ukraine, Putin, Russia, Russian, Soviet。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が78文、単語が1172語あります。音声の長さは8:29です。話す速さは1分あたり約138語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
alliance 名詞	/əˈlaɪ.əns/	同盟, アライアンス
invasion 名詞	/ɪnˈveɪʒən/	侵略, 侵攻
sphere 名詞	/sfɪɚ/	球, 球体
protest 名詞	/ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/	抗議, プロテスト
expand 動詞	/ɪkˈspænd/	広げる, 拡大する
guarantee 名詞	/ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/	保証
communist 名詞	/ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/	共産主義者, 共産党員
announce 動詞	/əˈnaʊn(t)s/	発表する, 知らせる
divide 動詞	/dɪˈvaɪd/	分割する, 分ける
consequence 名詞	/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/	結果
declare 動詞	/dɪˈklɛɚ/	宣言する
flee 動詞	/ˈfliː/	逃げる
invade 動詞	/ɪnˈveɪd/	侵略する, 侵害する
defend 動詞	/dɪˈfɪnd/	守る, 防ぐ
carefully 副詞	/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/	じっくり, 慎重に

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
break out 動詞		脱出する
carry out 動詞	/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/	行う, 実行する
fight back 動詞	/faɪt bæk/	巻き返す
take over 動詞		引き受ける

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have entered · has become · have been
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	have been forced · has been shaped · was quickly taken
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	Kyiv, which has · side, which were · anyone who might

注意したい発音

話し手はwe're, doesn't, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/
「sh」と「zh」の音: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, briefly /ˈbɹiːfli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, drill /dɹɪl/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, invade /ɪnˈveɪd/, whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: sphere /sfɪɚ/, flee /ˈfliː/, defend /dɪˈfɪnd/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。alliance, invasion, sphereなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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