シャドーイング練習: How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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In 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was not very popular among Republicans or Democrats.
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Which made sense given that he's a somewhat murderous strong man with the nasty habit of invading his neighbors.
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This is without question our number one geopolitical foe.
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Breaking news, signs of a Russian invasion in Ukraine tonight.
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Since 2000, 25 journalists have died under mysterious circumstances.
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The Russian military campaign in Syria after a week of airstrikes now escalating dramatically to prop up Syrian President Assad.
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This chart shows Putin's net favorability among Republicans.
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That's the percentage of people who view him favorably, minus the percent who view him unfavorably.
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You can see the net favorability begin to rise steadily through 2014 and 2015.
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And then, all of a sudden, in August 2016, it spikes.
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By December 2016, the share of Republicans who saw Putin favorably had more than tripled.
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His popularity fell among Democrats, but by a much smaller margin.
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So what's going on here, and what does it mean for the United States' relationship with Russia?
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What I think you're seeing is two years of constant Republican propaganda about how Vladimir Putin is a strong leader.
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Putin decides what he wants to do, and he does it in half a day.
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He makes a decision, and he executes it quickly.
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Then everybody reacts.
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That's what you call a leader.
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People are looking at Putin as one who wrestles bears and drills for oil.
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They look at our president as one who wears mom jeans.
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What you see is just this Republican talking point that builds and builds and builds.
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It finally really hits a peak with Donald Trump.
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I think I would get along very well with him.
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I respect Putin.
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He's a strong leader.
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If he says great things about me, I'm going to say great things about him.
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I've already said he is really very much of a leader.
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I mean, you can say, oh, isn't that a terrible thing?
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He called, I mean, the man has very strong control over a country.
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What we're seeing with Donald Trump is that he believes in the great man theory of history, both the great part of it and also the man part of it.
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He's a man who sees himself as a tough, decisive leader, authoritarian if necessary, but willing to do whatever it takes to push through what he thinks needs to be done.
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He looks to Vladimir Putin in Russia, someone who has made clear If you're a dissident and criticizes him, you may disappear.
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If you're someone in the public who isn't fully in support of him, you may lose your job.
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And he looks at them and thinks it works.
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There's also a financial connection.
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Trump has had trouble getting loans from U .S.
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banks following his multiple bankruptcy filings since 1991.
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We know from a speech that his son Donald Trump Jr. made in 2008
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that Russian investors have played a big role in financing Trump projects ever since.
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Most wealthy Russian businesspeople maintain warm relationships with Putin, who holds absolute power in the country.
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That means the investors who helped save Trump's business empire are likely to include several close Putin allies.
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We're in this extraordinary moment where a U .S president is potentially financially beholden to an enemy country led by a dictator.
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There is also an intelligence report in which a former British spy claims that the Russian government has compromising information on Trump,
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information that they could use to blackmail him.
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This isn't Hollywood, this isn't conspiracy, this isn't paranoia.
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This may actually on some level be true.
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Republican voters might be taking their cues from Trump when it comes to Putin, but Republican lawmakers are a different story.
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Vladimir Putin is a person who's killed, he's jailed and murdered journalists, political opponents.
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Putin is an aggressor that does not share our interests.
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Putin is violating the sovereignty of neighboring countries.
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It certainly appears that he is conducting in state -sponsored cyber attacks on what appears to be our political system.
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The Russians are undermining democracy throughout the entire world.
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They're taking land on by others by force.
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They did hack into our political system.
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They're doing it to other political systems.
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Before he was Donald Trump's vice president, then -representative Mike Pence held a similar position.
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And now an increasingly antagonistic Russia has been rewarded for bullying and threatening its neighbors.
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Seven years later, he was singing a different tune.
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I think it's inarguable
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that Vladimir Putin has been a stronger leader in his country than Barack Obama has been in this country.
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When Trump praises Putin, he's also flouting his party's long history of skepticism towards Russia.
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When we think of Republicans and the kind of leader that they venerate, it's Ronald Reagan.
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They come back to Reagan again and again and again.
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I remember when Ronald Reagan was the president.
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He stood on principle standing up to the Soviet Union.
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Ronald Reagan reignited the American economy, rebuilt the military, bankrupted the Soviet Union and defeated Soviet communism.
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And they come back to him because they think he won the Cold War
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and because they think he beat the Soviet Union.
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The march of freedom and democracy, which will leave Marxism, Leninism on the ash heap of history as it has left other tyrannies,
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which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self -expression of the people.
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This is not just a break with Republicans on the Hill in 2016.
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This is a break with the last 30 years of Republican ideology, dating back to the president, Ronald Reagan, that they held up as a near god -like figure.
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Trump has also been slow to accept the CIA and FBI's conclusion that Russia sought to influence the presidential election.
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Russia hacked the Democrat National Committee servers.
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It hacked the personal email of John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman.
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As far as hacking, I think it was Russia.
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But I think we also get hacked by other countries and other people.
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Vladimir Putin weaponized the fact that we have a free press, used WikiLeaks to kind of launder the information, and then dribbled it out day by day by day.
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So for weeks in the run -up to the election, all you saw was negative press coverage of Hillary Clinton driven by selectively chosen leaked emails.
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In response, President Obama issued economic sanctions against Russia, which Donald Trump doesn't have to keep.
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These were weak, these sanctions.
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They're going to do nothing.
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Vladimir Putin will look at this and say, I got what I wanted, I can pay this cost, I'll do it again.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が83文、単語が1100語あります。 音声の長さは6:04です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約181語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| journalist 名詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ | 記者, ジャーナリスト |
| investor 名詞 | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | 投資家, 出資者 |
| percentage 名詞 | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | 百分率, 百分比 |
| chart 名詞 | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | チャート, 図表 |
| server 名詞 | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | サーバー |
| conclusion 名詞 | /kənˈkluːʒən/ | 終わり, 結び |
| sudden 形容詞 | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | 突然の |
| extraordinary 形容詞 | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | 並外れた, 非凡な |
| principle 名詞 | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | 原理, 原則 |
| reward 名詞 | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | 見返り, 賞 |
| praise 動詞 | /pɹeɪz/ | 褒める, 称える |
| triple 形容詞 | /ˈtɹɪp.əl/ | 三重 |
| margin 名詞 | /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/ | 余白 |
| tune 名詞 | /tjuːn/ | 曲, チューン |
| conspiracy 名詞 | /kənˈspɪɹəsi/ | 陰謀 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| get along 動詞 | 気が合う, 折り合う |
注意したい発音
話し手はisn't, they're, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を17回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, authoritarian /əˌθɑ.ɹəˈtɛɹ.i.ən/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/, popularity /ˌpɑ.pjəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。journalist, investor, percentageなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've already said · has made · have played |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | people who view · one who wrestles · one who wears |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be done · has been rewarded |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。