ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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In 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was not very popular among Republicans or Democrats.
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Which made sense given that he's a somewhat murderous strong man with the nasty habit of invading his neighbors.
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This is without question our number one geopolitical foe.
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Breaking news, signs of a Russian invasion in Ukraine tonight.
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Since 2000, 25 journalists have died under mysterious circumstances.
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The Russian military campaign in Syria after a week of airstrikes now escalating dramatically to prop up Syrian President Assad.
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This chart shows Putin's net favorability among Republicans.
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That's the percentage of people who view him favorably, minus the percent who view him unfavorably.
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You can see the net favorability begin to rise steadily through 2014 and 2015.
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And then, all of a sudden, in August 2016, it spikes.
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By December 2016, the share of Republicans who saw Putin favorably had more than tripled.
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His popularity fell among Democrats, but by a much smaller margin.
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So what's going on here, and what does it mean for the United States' relationship with Russia?
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What I think you're seeing is two years of constant Republican propaganda about how Vladimir Putin is a strong leader.
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Putin decides what he wants to do, and he does it in half a day.
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He makes a decision, and he executes it quickly.
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Then everybody reacts.
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That's what you call a leader.
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People are looking at Putin as one who wrestles bears and drills for oil.
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They look at our president as one who wears mom jeans.
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What you see is just this Republican talking point that builds and builds and builds.
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It finally really hits a peak with Donald Trump.
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I think I would get along very well with him.
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I respect Putin.
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He's a strong leader.
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If he says great things about me, I'm going to say great things about him.
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I've already said he is really very much of a leader.
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I mean, you can say, oh, isn't that a terrible thing?
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He called, I mean, the man has very strong control over a country.
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What we're seeing with Donald Trump is that he believes in the great man theory of history, both the great part of it and also the man part of it.
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He's a man who sees himself as a tough, decisive leader, authoritarian if necessary, but willing to do whatever it takes to push through what he thinks needs to be done.
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He looks to Vladimir Putin in Russia, someone who has made clear If you're a dissident and criticizes him, you may disappear.
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If you're someone in the public who isn't fully in support of him, you may lose your job.
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And he looks at them and thinks it works.
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There's also a financial connection.
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Trump has had trouble getting loans from U .S.
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banks following his multiple bankruptcy filings since 1991.
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We know from a speech that his son Donald Trump Jr. made in 2008
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that Russian investors have played a big role in financing Trump projects ever since.
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Most wealthy Russian businesspeople maintain warm relationships with Putin, who holds absolute power in the country.
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That means the investors who helped save Trump's business empire are likely to include several close Putin allies.
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We're in this extraordinary moment where a U .S president is potentially financially beholden to an enemy country led by a dictator.
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There is also an intelligence report in which a former British spy claims that the Russian government has compromising information on Trump,
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information that they could use to blackmail him.
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This isn't Hollywood, this isn't conspiracy, this isn't paranoia.
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This may actually on some level be true.
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Republican voters might be taking their cues from Trump when it comes to Putin, but Republican lawmakers are a different story.
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Vladimir Putin is a person who's killed, he's jailed and murdered journalists, political opponents.
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Putin is an aggressor that does not share our interests.
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Putin is violating the sovereignty of neighboring countries.
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It certainly appears that he is conducting in state -sponsored cyber attacks on what appears to be our political system.
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The Russians are undermining democracy throughout the entire world.
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They're taking land on by others by force.
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They did hack into our political system.
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They're doing it to other political systems.
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Before he was Donald Trump's vice president, then -representative Mike Pence held a similar position.
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And now an increasingly antagonistic Russia has been rewarded for bullying and threatening its neighbors.
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Seven years later, he was singing a different tune.
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I think it's inarguable
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that Vladimir Putin has been a stronger leader in his country than Barack Obama has been in this country.
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When Trump praises Putin, he's also flouting his party's long history of skepticism towards Russia.
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When we think of Republicans and the kind of leader that they venerate, it's Ronald Reagan.
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They come back to Reagan again and again and again.
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I remember when Ronald Reagan was the president.
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He stood on principle standing up to the Soviet Union.
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Ronald Reagan reignited the American economy, rebuilt the military, bankrupted the Soviet Union and defeated Soviet communism.
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And they come back to him because they think he won the Cold War
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and because they think he beat the Soviet Union.
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The march of freedom and democracy, which will leave Marxism, Leninism on the ash heap of history as it has left other tyrannies,
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which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self -expression of the people.
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This is not just a break with Republicans on the Hill in 2016.
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This is a break with the last 30 years of Republican ideology, dating back to the president, Ronald Reagan, that they held up as a near god -like figure.
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Trump has also been slow to accept the CIA and FBI's conclusion that Russia sought to influence the presidential election.
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Russia hacked the Democrat National Committee servers.
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It hacked the personal email of John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman.
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As far as hacking, I think it was Russia.
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But I think we also get hacked by other countries and other people.
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Vladimir Putin weaponized the fact that we have a free press, used WikiLeaks to kind of launder the information, and then dribbled it out day by day by day.
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So for weeks in the run -up to the election, all you saw was negative press coverage of Hillary Clinton driven by selectively chosen leaked emails.
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In response, President Obama issued economic sanctions against Russia, which Donald Trump doesn't have to keep.
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These were weak, these sanctions.
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They're going to do nothing.
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Vladimir Putin will look at this and say, I got what I wanted, I can pay this cost, I'll do it again.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 83 ประโยค และ 1100 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 6:04 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 181 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 79% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| journalist คำนาม | /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ | นักข่าว |
| investor คำนาม | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | ผู้ลงทุน |
| percentage คำนาม | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | อัตราร้อยละ |
| chart คำนาม | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | ผัง, แผนผัง |
| server คำนาม | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | เซิร์ฟเวอร์ |
| sudden คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | กะทันหัน |
| extraordinary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | วิสามัญ |
| principle คำนาม | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | หลัก, คติ |
| reward คำนาม | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | รางวัล |
| praise คำกริยา | /pɹeɪz/ | ยกย่อง, สรรเสริญ |
| triple คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈtɹɪp.əl/ | สามเท่า |
| tune คำนาม | /tjuːn/ | ทำนอง |
| habit คำนาม | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | นิสัย |
| popularity คำนาม | /ˌpɑ.pjəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/ | ความดัง |
| invasion คำนาม | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | การบุกรุก, การรุกราน |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 17 ครั้ง เช่น isn't, they're, you're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, authoritarian /əˌθɑ.ɹəˈtɛɹ.i.ən/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/, popularity /ˌpɑ.pjəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง journalist, investor, percentage เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've already said · has made · have played |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who view · one who wrestles · one who wears |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be done · has been rewarded |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ