تدريب Shadowing: How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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In 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was not very popular among Republicans or Democrats.
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Which made sense given that he's a somewhat murderous strong man with the nasty habit of invading his neighbors.
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This is without question our number one geopolitical foe.
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Breaking news, signs of a Russian invasion in Ukraine tonight.
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Since 2000, 25 journalists have died under mysterious circumstances.
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The Russian military campaign in Syria after a week of airstrikes now escalating dramatically to prop up Syrian President Assad.
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This chart shows Putin's net favorability among Republicans.
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That's the percentage of people who view him favorably, minus the percent who view him unfavorably.
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You can see the net favorability begin to rise steadily through 2014 and 2015.
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And then, all of a sudden, in August 2016, it spikes.
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By December 2016, the share of Republicans who saw Putin favorably had more than tripled.
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His popularity fell among Democrats, but by a much smaller margin.
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So what's going on here, and what does it mean for the United States' relationship with Russia?
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What I think you're seeing is two years of constant Republican propaganda about how Vladimir Putin is a strong leader.
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Putin decides what he wants to do, and he does it in half a day.
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He makes a decision, and he executes it quickly.
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Then everybody reacts.
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That's what you call a leader.
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People are looking at Putin as one who wrestles bears and drills for oil.
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They look at our president as one who wears mom jeans.
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What you see is just this Republican talking point that builds and builds and builds.
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It finally really hits a peak with Donald Trump.
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I think I would get along very well with him.
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I respect Putin.
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He's a strong leader.
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If he says great things about me, I'm going to say great things about him.
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I've already said he is really very much of a leader.
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I mean, you can say, oh, isn't that a terrible thing?
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He called, I mean, the man has very strong control over a country.
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What we're seeing with Donald Trump is that he believes in the great man theory of history, both the great part of it and also the man part of it.
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He's a man who sees himself as a tough, decisive leader, authoritarian if necessary, but willing to do whatever it takes to push through what he thinks needs to be done.
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He looks to Vladimir Putin in Russia, someone who has made clear If you're a dissident and criticizes him, you may disappear.
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If you're someone in the public who isn't fully in support of him, you may lose your job.
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And he looks at them and thinks it works.
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There's also a financial connection.
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Trump has had trouble getting loans from U .S.
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banks following his multiple bankruptcy filings since 1991.
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We know from a speech that his son Donald Trump Jr. made in 2008
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that Russian investors have played a big role in financing Trump projects ever since.
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Most wealthy Russian businesspeople maintain warm relationships with Putin, who holds absolute power in the country.
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That means the investors who helped save Trump's business empire are likely to include several close Putin allies.
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We're in this extraordinary moment where a U .S president is potentially financially beholden to an enemy country led by a dictator.
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There is also an intelligence report in which a former British spy claims that the Russian government has compromising information on Trump,
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information that they could use to blackmail him.
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This isn't Hollywood, this isn't conspiracy, this isn't paranoia.
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This may actually on some level be true.
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Republican voters might be taking their cues from Trump when it comes to Putin, but Republican lawmakers are a different story.
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Vladimir Putin is a person who's killed, he's jailed and murdered journalists, political opponents.
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Putin is an aggressor that does not share our interests.
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Putin is violating the sovereignty of neighboring countries.
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It certainly appears that he is conducting in state -sponsored cyber attacks on what appears to be our political system.
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The Russians are undermining democracy throughout the entire world.
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They're taking land on by others by force.
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They did hack into our political system.
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They're doing it to other political systems.
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Before he was Donald Trump's vice president, then -representative Mike Pence held a similar position.
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And now an increasingly antagonistic Russia has been rewarded for bullying and threatening its neighbors.
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Seven years later, he was singing a different tune.
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I think it's inarguable
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that Vladimir Putin has been a stronger leader in his country than Barack Obama has been in this country.
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When Trump praises Putin, he's also flouting his party's long history of skepticism towards Russia.
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When we think of Republicans and the kind of leader that they venerate, it's Ronald Reagan.
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They come back to Reagan again and again and again.
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I remember when Ronald Reagan was the president.
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He stood on principle standing up to the Soviet Union.
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Ronald Reagan reignited the American economy, rebuilt the military, bankrupted the Soviet Union and defeated Soviet communism.
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And they come back to him because they think he won the Cold War
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and because they think he beat the Soviet Union.
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The march of freedom and democracy, which will leave Marxism, Leninism on the ash heap of history as it has left other tyrannies,
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which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self -expression of the people.
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This is not just a break with Republicans on the Hill in 2016.
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This is a break with the last 30 years of Republican ideology, dating back to the president, Ronald Reagan, that they held up as a near god -like figure.
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Trump has also been slow to accept the CIA and FBI's conclusion that Russia sought to influence the presidential election.
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Russia hacked the Democrat National Committee servers.
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It hacked the personal email of John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman.
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As far as hacking, I think it was Russia.
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But I think we also get hacked by other countries and other people.
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Vladimir Putin weaponized the fact that we have a free press, used WikiLeaks to kind of launder the information, and then dribbled it out day by day by day.
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So for weeks in the run -up to the election, all you saw was negative press coverage of Hillary Clinton driven by selectively chosen leaked emails.
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In response, President Obama issued economic sanctions against Russia, which Donald Trump doesn't have to keep.
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These were weak, these sanctions.
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They're going to do nothing.
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Vladimir Putin will look at this and say, I got what I wanted, I can pay this cost, I'll do it again.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 83 جملة و1100 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 6:04. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة، نحو 181 كلمة في الدقيقة، لذا ستسمع كثيرًا من وصل الكلمات واختزال الأصوات. 79% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| journalist اسم | /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ | صَحَفِيّ, صَحَفِيَّة |
| investor اسم | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | مُسْتَثْمِر, مُسْتَثْمِرَة |
| percentage اسم | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | النِّسْبَة الْمِئَوِيَّة |
| chart اسم | /t͡ʃɑɹt/ | مُخَطَّط بَيَانِيّ, مُخَطَط |
| server اسم | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | خَادُوم m or خَادِم, مُلَقِّم |
| sudden صفة | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | مُبَاغِت, مُفَاجِئ |
| extraordinary صفة | /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/ | اِسْتِثْنَائِيّ, غَيْرُ عَادِيّ |
| principle اسم | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | مَبْدَأ, قاعِدَة |
| reward اسم | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | مُكَافَأَة, ثَوَاب |
| praise فعل | /pɹeɪz/ | مَدَحَ, أَثْنَى |
| triple صفة | /ˈtɹɪp.əl/ | ثُلَاثِيّ |
| margin اسم | /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/ | هَامِش |
| tune اسم | /tjuːn/ | لَحْن |
| conspiracy اسم | /kənˈspɪɹəsi/ | دَسِيسَة |
| habit اسم | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | عَادَة |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 17 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل isn't, they're, you're. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “th”: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, authoritarian /əˌθɑ.ɹəˈtɛɹ.i.ən/
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/, popularity /ˌpɑ.pjəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل journalist, investor, percentage.
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | I've already said · has made · have played |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | people who view · one who wrestles · one who wears |
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | be done · has been rewarded |
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.