शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How Vladimir Putin won Republicans' approval - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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83 वाक्य
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In 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin was not very popular among Republicans or Democrats.
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Which made sense given that he's a somewhat murderous strong man with the nasty habit of invading his neighbors.
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This is without question our number one geopolitical foe.
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Breaking news, signs of a Russian invasion in Ukraine tonight.
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Since 2000, 25 journalists have died under mysterious circumstances.
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The Russian military campaign in Syria after a week of airstrikes now escalating dramatically to prop up Syrian President Assad.
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This chart shows Putin's net favorability among Republicans.
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That's the percentage of people who view him favorably, minus the percent who view him unfavorably.
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You can see the net favorability begin to rise steadily through 2014 and 2015.
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And then, all of a sudden, in August 2016, it spikes.
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By December 2016, the share of Republicans who saw Putin favorably had more than tripled.
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His popularity fell among Democrats, but by a much smaller margin.
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So what's going on here, and what does it mean for the United States' relationship with Russia?
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What I think you're seeing is two years of constant Republican propaganda about how Vladimir Putin is a strong leader.
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Putin decides what he wants to do, and he does it in half a day.
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He makes a decision, and he executes it quickly.
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Then everybody reacts.
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That's what you call a leader.
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People are looking at Putin as one who wrestles bears and drills for oil.
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They look at our president as one who wears mom jeans.
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What you see is just this Republican talking point that builds and builds and builds.
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It finally really hits a peak with Donald Trump.
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I think I would get along very well with him.
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I respect Putin.
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He's a strong leader.
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If he says great things about me, I'm going to say great things about him.
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I've already said he is really very much of a leader.
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I mean, you can say, oh, isn't that a terrible thing?
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He called, I mean, the man has very strong control over a country.
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What we're seeing with Donald Trump is that he believes in the great man theory of history, both the great part of it and also the man part of it.
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He's a man who sees himself as a tough, decisive leader, authoritarian if necessary, but willing to do whatever it takes to push through what he thinks needs to be done.
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He looks to Vladimir Putin in Russia, someone who has made clear If you're a dissident and criticizes him, you may disappear.
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If you're someone in the public who isn't fully in support of him, you may lose your job.
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And he looks at them and thinks it works.
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There's also a financial connection.
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Trump has had trouble getting loans from U .S.
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banks following his multiple bankruptcy filings since 1991.
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We know from a speech that his son Donald Trump Jr. made in 2008
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that Russian investors have played a big role in financing Trump projects ever since.
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Most wealthy Russian businesspeople maintain warm relationships with Putin, who holds absolute power in the country.
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That means the investors who helped save Trump's business empire are likely to include several close Putin allies.
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We're in this extraordinary moment where a U .S president is potentially financially beholden to an enemy country led by a dictator.
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There is also an intelligence report in which a former British spy claims that the Russian government has compromising information on Trump,
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information that they could use to blackmail him.
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This isn't Hollywood, this isn't conspiracy, this isn't paranoia.
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This may actually on some level be true.
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Republican voters might be taking their cues from Trump when it comes to Putin, but Republican lawmakers are a different story.
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Vladimir Putin is a person who's killed, he's jailed and murdered journalists, political opponents.
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Putin is an aggressor that does not share our interests.
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Putin is violating the sovereignty of neighboring countries.
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It certainly appears that he is conducting in state -sponsored cyber attacks on what appears to be our political system.
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The Russians are undermining democracy throughout the entire world.
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They're taking land on by others by force.
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They did hack into our political system.
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They're doing it to other political systems.
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Before he was Donald Trump's vice president, then -representative Mike Pence held a similar position.
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And now an increasingly antagonistic Russia has been rewarded for bullying and threatening its neighbors.
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Seven years later, he was singing a different tune.
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I think it's inarguable
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that Vladimir Putin has been a stronger leader in his country than Barack Obama has been in this country.
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When Trump praises Putin, he's also flouting his party's long history of skepticism towards Russia.
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When we think of Republicans and the kind of leader that they venerate, it's Ronald Reagan.
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They come back to Reagan again and again and again.
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I remember when Ronald Reagan was the president.
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He stood on principle standing up to the Soviet Union.
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Ronald Reagan reignited the American economy, rebuilt the military, bankrupted the Soviet Union and defeated Soviet communism.
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And they come back to him because they think he won the Cold War
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and because they think he beat the Soviet Union.
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The march of freedom and democracy, which will leave Marxism, Leninism on the ash heap of history as it has left other tyrannies,
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which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self -expression of the people.
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This is not just a break with Republicans on the Hill in 2016.
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This is a break with the last 30 years of Republican ideology, dating back to the president, Ronald Reagan, that they held up as a near god -like figure.
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Trump has also been slow to accept the CIA and FBI's conclusion that Russia sought to influence the presidential election.
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Russia hacked the Democrat National Committee servers.
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It hacked the personal email of John Podesta, Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman.
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As far as hacking, I think it was Russia.
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But I think we also get hacked by other countries and other people.
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Vladimir Putin weaponized the fact that we have a free press, used WikiLeaks to kind of launder the information, and then dribbled it out day by day by day.
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So for weeks in the run -up to the election, all you saw was negative press coverage of Hillary Clinton driven by selectively chosen leaked emails.
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In response, President Obama issued economic sanctions against Russia, which Donald Trump doesn't have to keep.
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These were weak, these sanctions.
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They're going to do nothing.
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Vladimir Putin will look at this and say, I got what I wanted, I can pay this cost, I'll do it again.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 83 वाक्य और 1100 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 6:04 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 181 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। केवल 79% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
journalist संज्ञा/ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/पत्रकार
investor संज्ञा/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/विनिधानकर्ता, निवेशक
percentage संज्ञा/pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/प्रतिशतता
chart संज्ञा/t͡ʃɑɹt/लेखाचित्र, चार्ट
server संज्ञा/ˈsɝvɚ/सर्वर
conclusion संज्ञा/kənˈkluːʒən/अंतिम
extraordinary विशेषण/ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/असाधारण, अकल्पनीय
principle संज्ञा/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/जड़सूत्र, असूल
reward संज्ञा/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/इनाम, पुरस्कार
praise क्रिया/pɹeɪz/सराहना करना, तारीफ़ करना
triple विशेषण/ˈtɹɪp.əl/त्रि
tune संज्ञा/tjuːn/धुन
conspiracy संज्ञा/kənˈspɪɹəsi/षड्यंत्र, साज़िश
habit संज्ञा/ˈhæb.ɪt/अभ्यास, आदत
popularity संज्ञा/ˌpɑ.pjəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/लोकप्रियता

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 17 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे isn't, they're, you're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, authoritarian /əˌθɑ.ɹəˈtɛɹ.i.ən/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/, conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/, popularity /ˌpɑ.pjəˈlæɹ.ə.ti/, mysterious /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर journalist, investor, percentage जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैI've already said · has made · has had
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारीpeople who view · one who wrestles · one who wears
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैbe done · has been rewarded

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →