Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained
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Putin called this a special military operation, but it's clear this is a full -scale invasion.
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Russian troops and tanks have entered Ukraine on all fronts.
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All these cities are under attack, including the capital of Kyiv, which has become Putin's main target.
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Many are sheltering in basements and metro stations across Ukraine.
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There have been hundreds of casualties, and over half a million Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes.
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This is one of Europe's largest wars since World War II.
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Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.
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But now Putin wants to redraw Europe's map — by force.
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Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.
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We're not just close neighbors.
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We're one nation.
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But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language, culture, and political system.
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And while the two countries do have a shared history, Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.
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Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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In 1917, the Russian Revolution brought down the empire and the region spiraled into a civil war.
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Ukraine briefly gained independence from Russian rule, but was quickly taken over by the newly created
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Soviet Union as one of its first republics.
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Over the next decade, the Soviet Union brutally expanded its control.
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And by the end of World War II, it forged a sphere of influence over here, while the West held its influence over here,
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essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.
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The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side, which were easy for them to control.
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But the West developed into democracies with capitalist economies.
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The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides, and soon these fears hardened into military alliances.
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In 1949, these countries, along with the U .S and Canada, formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
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or NATO, and promised to defend each other from invasion.
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A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet -led
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Warsaw Pact alliance, and each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.
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Europe remained this way for decades, until one side finally collapsed.
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By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.
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The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.
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And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared as many countries overthrew their communist governments.
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Even though the Cold War ended, the alliance on the other side of Europe was still going strong.
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In fact, it was expanding.
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In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.
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In 2004, seven more countries joined.
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That moved NATO into the old
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Soviet sphere of influence, making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.
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Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post -Soviet countries left between
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Russia and NATO.
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But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.
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And that made them prime targets for Russia.
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Ukraine became a NATO partner in 1994, which brought them a step closer to becoming a member.
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And in 2013, they reached an association agreement with the European Union.
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But when it came time to sign the deal, Ukraine's pro -Russian government refused.
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Instead, they chose to strengthen ties with Russia.
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After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets to demand the agreement be signed.
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down and killed more than 100 people sparking more protests,
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which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.
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This meant Putin was losing political influence over Ukraine.
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So he decided to use force instead.
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First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.
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Then, Russia -backed separatists captured the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk and declared them independent of Ukraine.
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Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14 ,000 people and displaced nearly 2 million.
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For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions, destabilizing Ukraine and keeping it from moving closer to the West.
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But in November 2021, Putin decided to go all in.
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Satellite images showed at least 100 ,000 Russian troops and military equipment piling up along the border of Ukraine.
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Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.
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But weeks later, he presented his demands to the West.
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His main demand was that NATO stop expanding and move its military borders back to where they were in 1997, away from Russia's.
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Western leaders rejected his demands.
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Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.
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Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.
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And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.
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On February 21st, the threat of war became real.
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His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian -backed separatist regions under the pretense of peacekeeping.
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Ukraine announced a state of emergency, and President Zelenskyy made a direct appeal to the Russian people.
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Hours later, on February 24th, Putin launched a full -scale invasion in Ukraine.
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World leaders have spoken out against Russia's invasion.
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We condemn this barbaric attack and the cynical arguments to justify it.
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This hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure.
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Putin chose this war, and now he and his country will bear the consequences.
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Anti -war protests have broken out around the world, including in Russia, despite the risk of arrest.
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Neighboring nations have opened their borders as hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians attempt to flee.
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NATO's response force has been activated for the first time in history.
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And the U .S has sent additional troops to Eastern Europe.
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But in many ways, the world is treading carefully.
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Putin controls the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons, and has already threatened anyone who might interfere.
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So countries around the world are imposing some of the harshest economic sanctions to slow Putin down, and sending tons of military aid to support Ukraine.
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For now, Russian forces keep pushing deeper, but Ukraine is fighting back.
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our independence, our state.
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And so it will continue.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “Putin's war on Ukraine, explained”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: Ukraine, Putin, Russia, Russian, Soviet. Video này có 78 câu và 1172 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 8:29. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 138 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 79% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| alliance danh từ | /əˈlaɪ.əns/ | đồng minh |
| invasion danh từ | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | sự xâm lược, sự xâm chiếm |
| sphere danh từ | /sfɪɚ/ | mặt cầu |
| protest danh từ | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ | (sự) phản đối, (sự) kháng nghị |
| guarantee danh từ | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | sự bảo đảm |
| communist danh từ | /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ | người cộng sản |
| announce động từ | /əˈnaʊn(t)s/ | thông báo |
| divide động từ | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | chia |
| consequence danh từ | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | hậu quả |
| declare động từ | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | ban bố, ban hành |
| flee động từ | /ˈfliː/ | bôn, bôn đào |
| invade động từ | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | xâm lược, xâm chiếm |
| defend động từ | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | bảo vệ, che chở |
| suffer động từ | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | chịu đựng |
| capture động từ | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | bắt |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| crack down động từ | /kɹæk ˈdaʊn/ | trấn áp, trừng trị |
| pile up động từ | vun | |
| take away động từ | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | lấy đi, mang đi |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have entered · has become · have been |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | have been forced · has been shaped · was quickly taken |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | Kyiv, which has · side, which were · anyone who might |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 5 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ we're, doesn't, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: alliance /əˈlaɪ.əns/, protest /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, communist /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/, announce /əˈnaʊn(t)s/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/, justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/, forge /fɔɹd͡ʒ/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: expand /ɪkˈspænd/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, crack /kɹæk/, satellite /ˈsætəlaɪ̯t/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như alliance, invasion, sphere.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.