Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How China is designing flood-resistant cities
Chọn chế độ luyện tập
Mỗi chế độ mở một phòng luyện tập toàn màn hình.
70 câu
Nếu các câu quá ngắn hoặc quá dài, hãy bấm Edit để chỉnh sửa.
1
This isn't a forest.
2
Not really.
3
It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees,
4
and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land.
5
It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure
6
that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate.
7
So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?
8
This video is presented by Delta Airlines.
9
Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change,
10
and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.
11
Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures.
12
Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities like Mumbai and Seoul that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding.
13
This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.
14
Urbanization changes habitats.
15
So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, It alters hydrology.
16
That's Dr. Charlie Nylon.
17
He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.
18
Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.
19
Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth.
20
We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants,
21
animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine.
22
And biodiversity is critical to defending the earth against climate change.
23
We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.
24
But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.
25
Cities have a big impact on what happens locally.
26
Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species which are native, so that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.
27
Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.
28
The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.
29
One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish.
30
Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water.
31
And that's where sponge cities come in.
32
In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country.
33
The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention,
34
and create a diverse biological environment.
35
Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions,
36
like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.
37
In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems.
38
That's because for centuries, Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind.
39
A study from the scientific journal
40
Water recreated some of these old practices.
41
Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below,
42
and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and stormwater.
43
Today, natural solutions like these have been re -implemented in major cities across China.
44
In Xi 'an 'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system
45
that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.
46
Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation, to absorb excess water into the soil underground.
47
And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before or it overwhelms communities.
48
Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water.
49
This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.
50
Because you're providing habitat for additional groups, plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.
51
Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything.
52
The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied.
53
But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.
54
In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city.
55
More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.
56
There are other limitations too.
57
One review of sponge cities in Guayan, New District, found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate,
58
hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next.
59
So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate -related problems in others.
60
Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.
61
So some US cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like LA and Boston,
62
are using the green space they already have by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs
63
and creating green spaces along median stripes.
64
One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change, but they can make a difference in how we live with
65
it we often talk about biodiversity like it's far away
66
but it's actually right there and I think the more
67
that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live
68
that really matters people can do things to change cities
69
they can do things to make cities different they can do things to make cities better
70
Transcription by CastingWords
Tải Ứng Dụng
Mọi thứ bạn cần để nói trôi chảy
Chấm điểm AIChấm từng câu nói
Luyện IPAThành thạo mọi âm
Từ vựngMở rộng vốn từ
Game Từ vựngHọc qua chơi
Cùng kênh
C11
Why financial literacy education in the US sucks
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Putin's war on Ukraine, explained
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2Introducing Best of Luck with Kyla Scanlon
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
The Israel-Palestine conflict: a brief, simple history
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Why no aquarium has a great white shark
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Inside the secret race to build artificial intelligence | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How to be less neurotic | The Gray Area
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
We’re already using AI more than we realize
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
The Ticketmaster monopoly is over, now what?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The biggest peach myth in America
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B28
How to solve problems like a designer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
The origin of the '80s aesthetic
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B217
Why “Buy one, get one free” isn’t a great deal
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
How F1 drivers survive their own cars
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
White, pink, and brown noise, explained #shorts
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B210
Why 350°F is the magic number for baking
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
Why "pop-up" restaurants are everywhere now
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
How did pink become a girly color?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
Why China's population is shrinking
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Video gợi ý
C134
15 câu
Heal Our Planet. Protect Our Future.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
284 câu
Is Chongqing REALLY a Cyberpunk City?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
757 câu
Richard Rogers - Thoughts on the Design of Cities and Buildings
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
51 câu
What's Under Your Feet in New York City?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1147 câu
How India Face With Massive Aggressive Elephant Herds Ravaging Over Million Hectares of Farmland
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
72 câu
Businesses drive innovation for climate resilience | Vietnam Today
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1278 câu
China's $100BN Himalayan Mega Dam
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B217
44 câu
Surprising Benefits of Trees: The Relationship Between Trees and Heart Health
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
26 câu
UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017 - Urgent priorities for the UK
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2330
33 câu
Tokyo’s Vertical Farms - The Future of Farming | WIRED
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
113 câu
Architectural Design Process Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
124 câu
How to design streets for everyone (Universal Design)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “How China is designing flood-resistant cities”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: cities, biodiversity, sponge, climate, urban. Video này có 75 câu và 954 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 6:27. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 148 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 78% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| sponge danh từ | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | bọt biển |
| infrastructure danh từ | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | cơ sở hạ tầng |
| flood danh từ | /flʌd/ | lụt, lụt lội |
| absorb động từ | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | hút |
| excess danh từ | /ˈɛksɛs/ | sự dư thừa |
| vegetation danh từ | /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/ | cây cối, cây cỏ |
| rely động từ | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | tin cậy, dựa vào |
| pavement danh từ | /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/ | vỉa hè |
| capture động từ | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | bắt |
| pipe danh từ | /ˈpaɪp/ | ống sáo, ống tiêu |
| diverse tính từ | /daɪˈvɜːs/ | đa dạng |
| architect danh từ | /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ | kiến trúc sư |
| drainage danh từ | /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/ | hệ thống thoát nước |
| soak động từ | /soʊk/ | ngâm |
| complicated tính từ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | phức tạp |
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | is presented · is only made · are designed |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have been · have been lost |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | species which are · pavement, which is |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 10 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, can't, won't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, pavement /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/, architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/, defend /dɪˈfɪnd/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, drainage /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, dam /ˈdæm/, shanghai /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như sponge, infrastructure, flood.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.