跟读练习: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - 通过视频学习英语口语

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This isn't a forest.

Not really.

It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees,

and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land.

It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure

that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate.

So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?

This video is presented by Delta Airlines.

Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change,

and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.

Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures.

Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities like Mumbai and Seoul that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding.

This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.

Urbanization changes habitats.

So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, It alters hydrology.

That's Dr. Charlie Nylon.

He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.

Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.

Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth.

We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants,

animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine.

And biodiversity is critical to defending the earth against climate change.

We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.

But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.

Cities have a big impact on what happens locally.

Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species which are native, so that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.

Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.

The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.

One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish.

Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water.

And that's where sponge cities come in.

In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country.

The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention,

and create a diverse biological environment.

Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions,

like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.

In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems.

That's because for centuries, Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind.

A study from the scientific journal

Water recreated some of these old practices.

Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below,

and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and stormwater.

Today, natural solutions like these have been re -implemented in major cities across China.

In Xi 'an 'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system

that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.

Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation, to absorb excess water into the soil underground.

And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before or it overwhelms communities.

Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water.

This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.

Because you're providing habitat for additional groups, plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.

Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything.

The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied.

But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.

In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city.

More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.

There are other limitations too.

One review of sponge cities in Guayan, New District, found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate,

hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next.

So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate -related problems in others.

Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.

So some US cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like LA and Boston,

are using the green space they already have by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs

and creating green spaces along median stripes.

One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change, but they can make a difference in how we live with

it we often talk about biodiversity like it's far away

but it's actually right there and I think the more

that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live

that really matters people can do things to change cities

they can do things to make cities different they can do things to make cities better

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“How China is designing flood-resistant cities”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：cities, biodiversity, sponge, climate, urban。这段视频共有 75 个句子、954 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 6:27。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 148 个词，很适合跟读。只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
sponge 名词	/spʌnd͡ʒ/	海綿 /海绵
infrastructure 名词	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	基礎設施 /基础设施
flood 名词	/flʌd/	洪水, 洪災 /洪灾
absorb 动词	/æbˈsɔɹb/	吸收
excess 名词	/ˈɛksɛs/	過量 /过量, 過剩 /过剩
vegetation 名词	/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/	植被, 草木
rely 动词	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	依賴 /依赖, 依靠
concrete 形容词	/ˌkɑnˈkɹit/	切實的 /切实的, 具體的 /具体的
capture 动词	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	捕獲 /捕获, 佔領 /占领
pipe 名词	/ˈpaɪp/	笛子, 管子
diverse 形容词	/daɪˈvɜːs/	多種多樣的 /多种多样的, 多種的 /多种的
architect 名词	/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/	締造者 /缔造者, 創造者 /创造者
drainage 名词	/ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/	排水
soak 动词	/soʊk/	濕透 /湿透
flourish 动词	/ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/	繁榮 /繁荣

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is presented · is only made · are designed
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have been · have been lost
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物	species which are · pavement, which is

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 10 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, can't, won't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/
长单词——注意重音位置: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, pavement /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/, diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/, solve /sɒlv/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, flood /flʌd/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, excess /ˈɛksɛs/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, alter /ˈɔl.təɹ/, profoundly /pɹəˈfaʊndli/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 sponge, infrastructure, flood 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - 通过视频学习英语口语

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