跟读练习: What is Urbanisation? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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41 句
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1
A growing proportion of the world's population lives in urban areas, such as Lagos, seen here.
2
It is estimated that, for the first time in human history, the world's urban population has overtaken the world's rural population.
3
Urbanisation is defined as a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities.
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The word proportion is key here.
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It means that if we take the total population, the percentage living in towns and cities is getting bigger,
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and the percentage living in the countryside is getting smaller.
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It doesn't assume the total population is getting bigger overall although it is,
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just the proportion living in urban areas is increasing.
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The pattern of urban change is not equal across the globe
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as can be seen in this graph of urbanization in six of the seven continents.
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It is important that you are aware of the different levels of urbanization in high -income countries and low -income countries.
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In most high -income countries over 60 % of the population live in cities
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and it is higher for some specific high -income countries.
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In some low -income countries in Africa
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and Asia the urban population can be as low as 20
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% although as you can see the average is over 40 % for Africa as a whole, and nearer to 50 % in Asia.
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Predicted trends see large increases in low -income countries.
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With high -income countries already highly urbanised, their rate of urbanisation is set to slow in the future.
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The two factors affecting the rate of urbanisation are migration and natural increase.
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Rural urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities.
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This movement is caused by push and pull factors.
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Push factors are the reason why people wish to leave the countryside.
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Pull factors are the reasons why people are attracted to the city.
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An example of a push factor is the lack of farming jobs due to mechanisation in the countryside.
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An example of a pull factor is that the standard of living could be higher in the cities.
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Natural increase in towns and cities is also contributing to urbanisation.
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people thrive in towns and cities where medical care
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and support is often better
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and death rates can be significantly lower there are also lots of young adults in towns
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and cities in part due to migration who may choose to have children and add to the urban population
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You should be aware of the emergence of megacities.
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Megacities are cities with a population of over 10 million people.
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This map shows the location of megacities in 2010.
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There is often debate about which cities have become megacities.
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It is a good idea to familiarise yourself with the names of megacities
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and their location but don't be surprised if names appear
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and disappear as you see a variety of maps
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it's all to do with different methods of working out city boundaries make sure
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you can describe the distribution of the world's megacities notice the
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high number of megacities in Asia look back to the graph showing urbanisation across the continents.
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Where do you anticipate future megacities will develop?
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“What is Urbanisation?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：cities, population, megacities, urban, income。 这段视频共有 41 个句子、515 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:21。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 118 个词，很适合跟读。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| proportion 名词 | /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/ | 比例 |
| countryside 名词 | /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ | 農村 /农村, 鄉下 /乡下 |
| migration 名词 | /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ | 徙動 /徙动, 遷移 /迁移 |
| percentage 名词 | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | 百分率, 百分比 |
| continent 名词 | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | 大陸 /大陆 |
| graph 名词 | /ɡɹæf/ | 圖表 /图表 |
| contribute 动词 | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | 貢獻 /贡献 |
| define 动词 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
| estimate 名词 | /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ | 估計 /估计 |
| globe 名词 | /ɡloʊb/ | 地球儀 /地球仪 |
| attract 动词 | /əˈtɹækt/ | 吸引 |
| boundary 名词 | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | 邊界 /边界 |
| disappear 动词 | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | 消失 |
| predict 动词 | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | 預言 /预言 |
| emergence 名词 | /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ | 湧現 /涌现, 出現 /出现 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| work out 动词 | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | 計算 /计算, 算出 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is estimated · is defined · can be seen |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has overtaken · have become |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: proportion /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, familiarize /fəˈmɪliəɹaɪ̯z/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: thrive /θɹajv/, overtake /əʊ̯vəːˈteɪ̯k/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: countryside /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/, percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/, continent /ˈkɑntɪnənt/, graph /ɡɹæf/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: graph /ɡɹæf/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 proportion, countryside, migration 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。