跟讀練習: What is Urbanisation? - 通過影片學習英語口語
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41 句
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1
A growing proportion of the world's population lives in urban areas, such as Lagos, seen here.
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It is estimated that, for the first time in human history, the world's urban population has overtaken the world's rural population.
3
Urbanisation is defined as a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities.
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The word proportion is key here.
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It means that if we take the total population, the percentage living in towns and cities is getting bigger,
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and the percentage living in the countryside is getting smaller.
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It doesn't assume the total population is getting bigger overall although it is,
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just the proportion living in urban areas is increasing.
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The pattern of urban change is not equal across the globe
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as can be seen in this graph of urbanization in six of the seven continents.
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It is important that you are aware of the different levels of urbanization in high -income countries and low -income countries.
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In most high -income countries over 60 % of the population live in cities
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and it is higher for some specific high -income countries.
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In some low -income countries in Africa
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and Asia the urban population can be as low as 20
16
% although as you can see the average is over 40 % for Africa as a whole, and nearer to 50 % in Asia.
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Predicted trends see large increases in low -income countries.
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With high -income countries already highly urbanised, their rate of urbanisation is set to slow in the future.
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The two factors affecting the rate of urbanisation are migration and natural increase.
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Rural urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities.
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This movement is caused by push and pull factors.
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Push factors are the reason why people wish to leave the countryside.
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Pull factors are the reasons why people are attracted to the city.
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An example of a push factor is the lack of farming jobs due to mechanisation in the countryside.
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An example of a pull factor is that the standard of living could be higher in the cities.
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Natural increase in towns and cities is also contributing to urbanisation.
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people thrive in towns and cities where medical care
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and support is often better
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and death rates can be significantly lower there are also lots of young adults in towns
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and cities in part due to migration who may choose to have children and add to the urban population
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You should be aware of the emergence of megacities.
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Megacities are cities with a population of over 10 million people.
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This map shows the location of megacities in 2010.
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There is often debate about which cities have become megacities.
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It is a good idea to familiarise yourself with the names of megacities
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and their location but don't be surprised if names appear
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and disappear as you see a variety of maps
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it's all to do with different methods of working out city boundaries make sure
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you can describe the distribution of the world's megacities notice the
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high number of megacities in Asia look back to the graph showing urbanisation across the continents.
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Where do you anticipate future megacities will develop?
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“What is Urbanisation?”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：cities, population, megacities, urban, income。 這段影片共有 41 個句子、515 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:21。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 118 個詞，很適合跟讀。 87% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| proportion 名詞 | /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/ | 比例 |
| countryside 名詞 | /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ | 農村 /農村, 鄉下 /鄉下 |
| migration 名詞 | /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ | 徙動 /徙動, 遷移 /遷移 |
| percentage 名詞 | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | 百分率, 百分比 |
| continent 名詞 | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | 大陸 /大陸 |
| graph 名詞 | /ɡɹæf/ | 圖表 /圖表 |
| contribute 動詞 | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | 貢獻 /貢獻 |
| define 動詞 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
| estimate 名詞 | /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ | 估計 /估計 |
| globe 名詞 | /ɡloʊb/ | 地球儀 /地球儀 |
| attract 動詞 | /əˈtɹækt/ | 吸引 |
| boundary 名詞 | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | 邊界 /邊界 |
| disappear 動詞 | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | 消失 |
| predict 動詞 | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | 預言 /預言 |
| emergence 名詞 | /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ | 湧現 /湧現, 出現 /出現 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| work out 動詞 | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | 計算 /計算, 算出 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is estimated · is defined · can be seen |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has overtaken · have become |
需要注意的發音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: proportion /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, familiarize /fəˈmɪliəɹaɪ̯z/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: thrive /θɹajv/, overtake /əʊ̯vəːˈteɪ̯k/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: countryside /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/, percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/, continent /ˈkɑntɪnənt/, graph /ɡɹæf/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: graph /ɡɹæf/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 proportion, countryside, migration 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。