Pratica di Shadowing: What is Urbanisation? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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41 frasi
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A growing proportion of the world's population lives in urban areas, such as Lagos, seen here.
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It is estimated that, for the first time in human history, the world's urban population has overtaken the world's rural population.
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Urbanisation is defined as a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities.
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The word proportion is key here.
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It means that if we take the total population, the percentage living in towns and cities is getting bigger,
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and the percentage living in the countryside is getting smaller.
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It doesn't assume the total population is getting bigger overall although it is,
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just the proportion living in urban areas is increasing.
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The pattern of urban change is not equal across the globe
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as can be seen in this graph of urbanization in six of the seven continents.
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It is important that you are aware of the different levels of urbanization in high -income countries and low -income countries.
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In most high -income countries over 60 % of the population live in cities
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and it is higher for some specific high -income countries.
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In some low -income countries in Africa
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and Asia the urban population can be as low as 20
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% although as you can see the average is over 40 % for Africa as a whole, and nearer to 50 % in Asia.
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Predicted trends see large increases in low -income countries.
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With high -income countries already highly urbanised, their rate of urbanisation is set to slow in the future.
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The two factors affecting the rate of urbanisation are migration and natural increase.
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Rural urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities.
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This movement is caused by push and pull factors.
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Push factors are the reason why people wish to leave the countryside.
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Pull factors are the reasons why people are attracted to the city.
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An example of a push factor is the lack of farming jobs due to mechanisation in the countryside.
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An example of a pull factor is that the standard of living could be higher in the cities.
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Natural increase in towns and cities is also contributing to urbanisation.
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people thrive in towns and cities where medical care
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and support is often better
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and death rates can be significantly lower there are also lots of young adults in towns
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and cities in part due to migration who may choose to have children and add to the urban population
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You should be aware of the emergence of megacities.
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Megacities are cities with a population of over 10 million people.
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This map shows the location of megacities in 2010.
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There is often debate about which cities have become megacities.
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It is a good idea to familiarise yourself with the names of megacities
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and their location but don't be surprised if names appear
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and disappear as you see a variety of maps
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it's all to do with different methods of working out city boundaries make sure
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you can describe the distribution of the world's megacities notice the
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high number of megacities in Asia look back to the graph showing urbanisation across the continents.
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Where do you anticipate future megacities will develop?
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “What is Urbanisation?”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: cities, population, megacities, urban, income. Questo video contiene 41 frasi e 515 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 4:21. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 118 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 87% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è facile da seguire.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| proportion sostantivo | /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/ | proporzione |
| countryside sostantivo | /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ | campagna |
| percentage sostantivo | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | percentuale |
| continent sostantivo | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | continente |
| graph sostantivo | /ɡɹæf/ | grafico |
| contribute verbo | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | contribuire |
| define verbo | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | definire, determinare |
| estimate sostantivo | /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ | stima |
| globe sostantivo | /ɡloʊb/ | globo |
| attract verbo | /əˈtɹækt/ | attirare |
| boundary sostantivo | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | confine, limite |
| disappear verbo | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | sparire, scomparire |
| predict verbo | /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ | profetizzare |
| emergence sostantivo | /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ | emergenza |
| anticipate verbo | /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | anticipare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is estimated · is defined · can be seen |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | has overtaken · have become |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: proportion /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, familiarize /fəˈmɪliəɹaɪ̯z/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: countryside /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/, percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/, continent /ˈkɑntɪnənt/, graph /ɡɹæf/, contribute /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: graph /ɡɹæf/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come proportion, countryside, percentage.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.