Shadowing Practice: What is Urbanisation? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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A growing proportion of the world's population lives in urban areas, such as Lagos, seen here.

It is estimated that, for the first time in human history, the world's urban population has overtaken the world's rural population.

Urbanisation is defined as a growing proportion of people living in towns and cities.

The word proportion is key here.

It means that if we take the total population, the percentage living in towns and cities is getting bigger,

and the percentage living in the countryside is getting smaller.

It doesn't assume the total population is getting bigger overall although it is,

just the proportion living in urban areas is increasing.

The pattern of urban change is not equal across the globe

as can be seen in this graph of urbanization in six of the seven continents.

It is important that you are aware of the different levels of urbanization in high -income countries and low -income countries.

In most high -income countries over 60 % of the population live in cities

and it is higher for some specific high -income countries.

In some low -income countries in Africa

and Asia the urban population can be as low as 20

% although as you can see the average is over 40 % for Africa as a whole, and nearer to 50 % in Asia.

Predicted trends see large increases in low -income countries.

With high -income countries already highly urbanised, their rate of urbanisation is set to slow in the future.

The two factors affecting the rate of urbanisation are migration and natural increase.

Rural urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to towns and cities.

This movement is caused by push and pull factors.

Push factors are the reason why people wish to leave the countryside.

Pull factors are the reasons why people are attracted to the city.

An example of a push factor is the lack of farming jobs due to mechanisation in the countryside.

An example of a pull factor is that the standard of living could be higher in the cities.

Natural increase in towns and cities is also contributing to urbanisation.

people thrive in towns and cities where medical care

and support is often better

and death rates can be significantly lower there are also lots of young adults in towns

and cities in part due to migration who may choose to have children and add to the urban population

You should be aware of the emergence of megacities.

Megacities are cities with a population of over 10 million people.

This map shows the location of megacities in 2010.

There is often debate about which cities have become megacities.

It is a good idea to familiarise yourself with the names of megacities

and their location but don't be surprised if names appear

and disappear as you see a variety of maps

it's all to do with different methods of working out city boundaries make sure

you can describe the distribution of the world's megacities notice the

high number of megacities in Asia look back to the graph showing urbanisation across the continents.

Where do you anticipate future megacities will develop?

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “What is Urbanisation?”. Las palabras que más se repiten: cities, population, megacities, urban, income. Este vídeo tiene 41 frases y 515 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 4:21. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 118 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 87 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es fácil de seguir.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
proportion sustantivo	/pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/	proporción
countryside sustantivo	/ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/	campo, campaña
migration sustantivo	/maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/	migración
percentage sustantivo	/pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/	porcentaje
continent sustantivo	/ˈkɑntɪnənt/	continente
graph sustantivo	/ɡɹæf/	gráfico, gráfica
contribute verbo	/kənˈtɹɪb.jut/	contribuir, aportar
define verbo	/dɪˈfaɪn/	determinar, definir
estimate sustantivo	/ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/	presupuesto, estimación
globe sustantivo	/ɡloʊb/	globo terráqueo, globo terrestre
attract verbo	/əˈtɹækt/	atraer
boundary sustantivo	/ˈbaʊndɹi/	linde, lindero
disappear verbo	/dɪsəˈpɪɹ/	desaparecer, desparecer
predict verbo	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	predecir
emergence sustantivo	/ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/	surgimiento, emersión

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

Estructura	En el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace	is estimated · is defined · can be seen
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora	has overtaken · have become

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: proportion /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, familiarize /fəˈmɪliəɹaɪ̯z/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: thrive /θɹajv/, overtake /əʊ̯vəːˈteɪ̯k/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: familiarize /fəˈmɪliəɹaɪ̯z/, mechanization /ˌmɛkənaɪˈzeɪʃən/
/dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/, emergence /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como proportion, countryside, migration.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

Shadowing Practice: What is Urbanisation? - Learn English Speaking with Video

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