跟读练习: Why Do India And China Have So Many People? - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Hi, this is Kate from MinuteEarth.

大家好，我是MinuteEarth的凯特。

India and China together are home to over 2 .7 billion people.

That's as many humans as in the next 20 most populous countries combined, or in the whole other 170 countries in the world.

Over the last 300 years, India and China each added more than a billion people to their populations — way more than any other country.

But they have actually been growing at about the same rate as the rest of the world world.

They have a lot more people today

because they had a lot more people a few hundred years ago

when the world began its period of modern and rapid population growth.

It's like comparing a big bank account and a small one.

If they both grow at about the same rate over many years, the big one gains a lot more money simply because it started with more.

So the billion dollar or billion person question is why did India

and China have so many people when they started their rapid growth?

We can't know for sure, since so many variables factor into long -term population dynamics.

But the two most plausible explanations are food and area.

Having lots of fertile land and good access to fresh water makes it possible to grow lots of food, which in turn makes it possible to nourish a lot of people.

Even today, the 10 most populated countries in the world all have a relatively large amount of farmland.

And Asia, and in particular South and East Asia, has tons of farmland, lots of river valleys, and the ability to grow food year -round.

Plus, domestication of plants and animals essentially started in Asia, giving populations an early leg or wing up.

As such, Asia's been the most densely populated region of the world for a really long time.

Area matters too.

Countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh may be filled with farms and densely populated, But because they're smaller in area than India and China,

they simply cannot contain as many people.

Of course, a few other things happened in India and China in the last few thousand years.

Some of them helped the populations grow, and some of them shrank the populations.

But through it all, the large and fertile lands of India and China were able to sustain lots of people, such that when the era of modern population growth came around,

they had a head start.

Or, rather, a hundred million head start.

This video was sponsored by the University of Minnesota, where students, faculty, and staff across all fields of study are working to solve the grand challenges facing society.

The Minnesota Population Center is helping demographic researchers explore past and current trends in world population.

The Global Landscapes Initiative is working to figure out how to keep feeding the world's growing population without harming the planet.

And the IPAMS Terra Project integrates global population data with data

on the environment to better understand how humans transform ecosystems and how ecosystems transform humans.

Thanks, University of Minnesota.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这段视频共有 33 个句子、505 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 2:53。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 175 个词，接近日常对话。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
rapid 形容词	/ˈɹæp.ɪd/	快, 迅速
transform 动词	/tɹænsˈfɔɹm/	變換 /变换, 變形 /变形
ecosystem 名词	/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/	生態系 /生态系, 生態系統 /生态系统
fertile 形容词	/ˈfɝːtəl/	肥沃
harm 名词	/hɑːm/	損害 /损害
compare 动词	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比, 比較 /比较
explanation 名词	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	解釋 /解释, 說明 /说明
essentially 副词	/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/	本質上 /本质上, 基本上
solve 动词	/sɒlv/	解決 /解决
faculty 名词	/ˈfæk.əl.ti/	系
explore 动词	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	探索, 探險 /探险
ton 名词	/tʌn/	噸 /吨, 公噸 /公吨
combine 动词	/kəmˈbaɪn/	結合 /结合, 組合 /组合
dynamics 名词	/dɑɪˈnæm.ɪks/	動力學 /动力学
sponsor 名词	/ˈspɒn.səː/	保證人 /保证人

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
figure out 动词	弄清楚

需要注意的发音

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, nourish /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/
长单词——注意重音位置: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 rapid, transform, ecosystem 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Why Do India And China Have So Many People? - 通过视频学习英语口语

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