跟读练习: How To Kill A Volcano - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Volcanoes are one of the most powerful forces on Earth.
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Their lava can destroy cities and their ash clouds can blot out the sun.
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And there is basically nothing we can do to make sure a volcano will never erupt again, except wait for it to die.
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So while we wait, what is it exactly that kills a volcano?
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Hi, I'm Cameron and this is MinuteEarth.
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There are three main ways a volcano can die, and the first is if its supply of magma fizzles out.
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together or pulling apart of tectonic plates can cause magma to form, but when those plates fuse together, the magma forming activity stops, snuffing out the volcano.
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Poland's Kachowsky Hills and Foothills has a whole national park devoted to volcanoes that suffered this fate.
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Locals call it the land of extinct volcanoes.
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The second way a volcano can die is if it gets dragged away from its magma supply.
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Sometimes, weird conditions in specific places can melt the mantle, sending up a plume of melting mantle rock,
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known as a hotspot, that pools beneath the crust and can birth a volcano.
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The hotspot itself doesn't ever move, but the Earth's crust above it does, so the volcano will eventually leave its magma supply behind.
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But since the hotspot itself is still there, when one volcano dies in this way, a new one might form next to it, and then a new one forms next to that, and so on.
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The Hawaiian Islands, for instance, are the newest volcanoes formed by a hotspot that
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that has left a trail of dead volcanoes that stretches all the way to Russia.
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The third way a volcano can die is if it gets clogged.
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Like, if conditions in the mantle change and the magma flow slows down, the magma that's already in the volcano's vents can cool, hardening into a giant plug.
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50 million years later, that plug might be all that's left of the volcano.
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Or, if the volcano's vents somehow get damaged, the magma might not be able to escape.
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In these cases, the remaining magma will often find its way to a different spot nearby, where it can escape.
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That's likely what happened when, in a spectacular eruption, the largest ever actually, a volcano called Toba clogged itself.
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Evidence suggests that the magma from its chamber got rerouted to nearby Cinnabon, which is still active today.
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Of course, it's really, really hard to tell exactly what's going on underneath a volcano, so we're not always sure what has happened to a volcano.
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In fact, sometimes it's hard to tell whether a volcano is actually dead.
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Udurunko in Bolivia hasn't erupted in 250,000 years, so scientists assumed it was long gone, but recently it started rumbling again,
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suggesting the possibility of future volcanic activity.
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It turns out that Udurunko, and other quiet volcanoes like it, might not be dead after all.
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Instead, they could be taking magma-nificently long naps.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 29 个句子、492 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:39。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 185 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| volcano 名词 | /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ | 火山 |
| mantle 名词 | /ˈmæn.təl/ | 斗篷 |
| plug 名词 | /plʌɡ/ | 插頭 /插头 |
| melt 动词 | /mɛlt/ | 融化, 熔化 |
| chamber 名词 | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | 臥室 /卧室, 寢室 /寝室 |
| cloud 名词 | /ˈklaʊ̯d/ | йүн, 雲 /云 |
| suffer 动词 | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | 受苦, 遭受 |
| trail 名词 | /tɹeɪl/ | 足跡 /足迹, 蹤跡 /踪迹 |
| fate 名词 | /feɪt/ | 命運 /命运, 氣數 /气数 |
| stretch 动词 | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | 伸展, 拉 |
| drag 动词 | /dɹæɡ/ | 拖 |
| scientist 名词 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科学家 |
| spectacular 形容词 | /spɛkˈtæk.jə.lɚ/ | 引人入勝的 /引人入胜的, 壯觀 /壮观 |
| nap 名词 | /næp/ | 小睡, 午睡 |
| lava 名词 | /ˈlɑvə/ | 熔岩 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| slow down 动词 | 減速 /减速, 放慢 |
| turn out 动词 | 原來 /原来 |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 4 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, hasn't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 volcano, mantle, plug 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。