シャドーイング練習: How To Kill A Volcano - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

Volcanoes are one of the most powerful forces on Earth.

Their lava can destroy cities and their ash clouds can blot out the sun.

And there is basically nothing we can do to make sure a volcano will never erupt again, except wait for it to die.

So while we wait, what is it exactly that kills a volcano?

Hi, I'm Cameron and this is MinuteEarth.

There are three main ways a volcano can die, and the first is if its supply of magma fizzles out.

together or pulling apart of tectonic plates can cause magma to form, but when those plates fuse together, the magma forming activity stops, snuffing out the volcano.

Poland's Kachowsky Hills and Foothills has a whole national park devoted to volcanoes that suffered this fate.

Locals call it the land of extinct volcanoes.

The second way a volcano can die is if it gets dragged away from its magma supply.

Sometimes, weird conditions in specific places can melt the mantle, sending up a plume of melting mantle rock,

known as a hotspot, that pools beneath the crust and can birth a volcano.

The hotspot itself doesn't ever move, but the Earth's crust above it does, so the volcano will eventually leave its magma supply behind.

But since the hotspot itself is still there, when one volcano dies in this way, a new one might form next to it, and then a new one forms next to that, and so on.

The Hawaiian Islands, for instance, are the newest volcanoes formed by a hotspot that

that has left a trail of dead volcanoes that stretches all the way to Russia.

The third way a volcano can die is if it gets clogged.

Like, if conditions in the mantle change and the magma flow slows down, the magma that's already in the volcano's vents can cool, hardening into a giant plug.

50 million years later, that plug might be all that's left of the volcano.

Or, if the volcano's vents somehow get damaged, the magma might not be able to escape.

In these cases, the remaining magma will often find its way to a different spot nearby, where it can escape.

That's likely what happened when, in a spectacular eruption, the largest ever actually, a volcano called Toba clogged itself.

Evidence suggests that the magma from its chamber got rerouted to nearby Cinnabon, which is still active today.

Of course, it's really, really hard to tell exactly what's going on underneath a volcano, so we're not always sure what has happened to a volcano.

In fact, sometimes it's hard to tell whether a volcano is actually dead.

Udurunko in Bolivia hasn't erupted in 250,000 years, so scientists assumed it was long gone, but recently it started rumbling again,

suggesting the possibility of future volcanic activity.

It turns out that Udurunko, and other quiet volcanoes like it, might not be dead after all.

Instead, they could be taking magma-nificently long naps.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が29文、単語が492語あります。音声の長さは2:39です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約185語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は74%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
volcano 名詞	/vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/	火山
mantle 名詞	/ˈmæn.təl/	マント, マントル
plug 名詞	/plʌɡ/	プラグ
melt 動詞	/mɛlt/	溶ける, 溶かす
chamber 名詞	/ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/	寝室, 部屋
cloud 名詞	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	雲, 雲霞
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	被る
trail 名詞	/tɹeɪl/	跡, 痕跡
fate 名詞	/feɪt/	運命, 宿命
stretch 動詞	/stɹɛt͡ʃ/	伸ばす
drag 動詞	/dɹæɡ/	引く, 引きずる
scientist 名詞	/ˈsaɪəntəst/	科学者
spectacular 形容詞	/spɛkˈtæk.jə.lɚ/	華華しい, 壮大な
nap 名詞	/næp/	転寝, 昼寝
lava 名詞	/ˈlɑvə/	溶岩

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
slow down 動詞	遅らせる

注意したい発音

話し手はdoesn't, hasn't, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を4回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。volcano, mantle, plugなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: How To Kill A Volcano - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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