シャドーイング練習: Why We Faint (When Other Animals Don't) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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The more we learn about the animal kingdom, the less unique humans seem.
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But as far as we know, no other animal on Earth faints from fright like we do...lucky us.
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Like lots of other animals, when we sense we’re in danger - or experience another surge of emotion - our blood pressure spikes, rushing blood to our brain and increasing our alertness.
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But, in humans, once the threat is over, our body sometimes overcompensates, dropping our blood pressure too low and reducing the blood supply to our brain, causing us to briefly lose consciousness - in other words, we faint.
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While a few other animals do fall over, mainly from unrelated muscle issues, we’re the only ones who lose consciousness.
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And that’s thanks to a unique combination of two traits: an upright stance and a big brain.
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Spending most of our time upright, with our brain above our heart, means our blood has to fight gravity to reach the brain.
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And on top of that – or rather, below – we have big, veiny legs, which – when we stand still for too long – collect lots of blood, making it even harder to supply our brains with enough blood.
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While there are other animals with brains high above their hearts, none of them have brains as demanding as humans’.
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The bigger an animal’s brain, the more blood the brain needs; our big brains hog a whopping 20% of our bodies’ blood flow compared to less than 7% for our closest relatives and less than 1% in animals with even smaller brains.
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That’s why just a slight dip in our blood pressure can interrupt the flow of blood to our brain, while even a significant drop in other animals’ blood pressure won’t stop their brains from getting enough blood to keep running or hopping.
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Our unique combination of traits means that even something as silly as a...
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JUMP! SCARE in a horror film or simply the sight of blood can cause our blood pressure to drop enough for us to, well, drop.
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The good news is that falling puts our head and heart at the same level, allowing blood to quickly reach our brain again.
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The bad news is that fainting can also lead to sometimes serious injuries, accounting for about a million hospital visits each year.
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But the upright stance and big brain that make humans the only animals to faint from fright are the same traits that have allowed us to thrive and spread all over the globe.
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So, I guess you could say world domination is for the faint of heart.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Why We Faint」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：brain, blood, animal, pressure, faint。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が17文、単語が426語あります。 音声の長さは2:22です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約180語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の85%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語11語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| faint 形容詞 | /feɪnt/ | 弱々しい |
| trait 名詞 | /tɹeɪt/ | 特徴 |
| fright 名詞 | /fɹaɪt/ | 怖じけ |
| stance 名詞 | /stæns/ | 立場, 姿勢 |
| consciousness 名詞 | /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ | 意識, 人心地 |
| interrupt 動詞 | /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ | 中断する, 邪魔する |
| thrive 動詞 | /θɹajv/ | 繁栄する |
| unrelated 形容詞 | 関係がない, 関係ない | |
| surge 名詞 | /sɝd͡ʒ/ | サージ |
| spike 名詞 | /spaɪk/ | 針 |
| emotion 名詞 | /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/ | 感情, 心緒 |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have allowed |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | ones who lose |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, won'tなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/, domination /ˌdɑːməˈneɪʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: faint /feɪnt/, fright /fɹaɪt/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: faint /feɪnt/, trait /tɹeɪt/, fright /fɹaɪt/, stance /stæns/, whopping /ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。faint, trait, frightなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。