シャドーイング練習: Why Do India And China Have So Many People? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Hi, this is Kate from MinuteEarth.

India and China together are home to over 2 .7 billion people.

That's as many humans as in the next 20 most populous countries combined, or in the whole other 170 countries in the world.

Over the last 300 years, India and China each added more than a billion people to their populations — way more than any other country.

But they have actually been growing at about the same rate as the rest of the world world.

They have a lot more people today

because they had a lot more people a few hundred years ago

when the world began its period of modern and rapid population growth.

It's like comparing a big bank account and a small one.

If they both grow at about the same rate over many years, the big one gains a lot more money simply because it started with more.

So the billion dollar or billion person question is why did India

and China have so many people when they started their rapid growth?

We can't know for sure, since so many variables factor into long -term population dynamics.

But the two most plausible explanations are food and area.

Having lots of fertile land and good access to fresh water makes it possible to grow lots of food, which in turn makes it possible to nourish a lot of people.

Even today, the 10 most populated countries in the world all have a relatively large amount of farmland.

And Asia, and in particular South and East Asia, has tons of farmland, lots of river valleys, and the ability to grow food year -round.

Plus, domestication of plants and animals essentially started in Asia, giving populations an early leg or wing up.

As such, Asia's been the most densely populated region of the world for a really long time.

Area matters too.

Countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh may be filled with farms and densely populated, But because they're smaller in area than India and China,

they simply cannot contain as many people.

Of course, a few other things happened in India and China in the last few thousand years.

Some of them helped the populations grow, and some of them shrank the populations.

But through it all, the large and fertile lands of India and China were able to sustain lots of people, such that when the era of modern population growth came around,

they had a head start.

Or, rather, a hundred million head start.

This video was sponsored by the University of Minnesota, where students, faculty, and staff across all fields of study are working to solve the grand challenges facing society.

The Minnesota Population Center is helping demographic researchers explore past and current trends in world population.

The Global Landscapes Initiative is working to figure out how to keep feeding the world's growing population without harming the planet.

And the IPAMS Terra Project integrates global population data with data

on the environment to better understand how humans transform ecosystems and how ecosystems transform humans.

Thanks, University of Minnesota.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が33文、単語が505語あります。音声の長さは2:53です。話す速さは1分あたり約175語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
rapid 形容詞	/ˈɹæp.ɪd/	速い, 急な
transform 動詞	/tɹænsˈfɔɹm/	変形する, 変換する
ecosystem 名詞	/ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/	生態系
fertile 形容詞	/ˈfɝːtəl/	肥沃な
compare 動詞	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	比べる, 比較する
explanation 名詞	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	説明
solve 動詞	/sɒlv/	解決する
faculty 名詞	/ˈfæk.əl.ti/	教授会
explore 動詞	/ɪkˈsploɹ/	探検する
ton 名詞	/tʌn/	トン
combine 動詞	/kəmˈbaɪn/	合わせる, 結び付ける
variable 形容詞	[ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩]	可変, 変えられる
dynamics 名詞	/dɑɪˈnæm.ɪks/	動力学, ダイナミクス
sponsor 名詞	/ˈspɒn.səː/	スポンサー
researcher 名詞	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員, 研究者

注意したい発音

「sh」と「zh」の音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, nourish /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。rapid, transform, ecosystemなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Why Do India And China Have So Many People? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画の重要語彙

注意したい発音

この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

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