Prática de Shadowing: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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This isn't a forest.
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Not really.
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It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees,
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and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land.
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It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure
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that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate.
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So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?
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This video is presented by Delta Airlines.
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Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change,
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and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.
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Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures.
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Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities like Mumbai and Seoul that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding.
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This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.
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Urbanization changes habitats.
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So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, It alters hydrology.
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That's Dr. Charlie Nylon.
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He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.
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Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.
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Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth.
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We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants,
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animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine.
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And biodiversity is critical to defending the earth against climate change.
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We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.
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But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.
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Cities have a big impact on what happens locally.
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Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species which are native, so that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.
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Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.
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The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.
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One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish.
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Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water.
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And that's where sponge cities come in.
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In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country.
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The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention,
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and create a diverse biological environment.
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Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions,
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like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.
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In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems.
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That's because for centuries, Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind.
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A study from the scientific journal
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Water recreated some of these old practices.
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Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below,
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and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and stormwater.
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Today, natural solutions like these have been re -implemented in major cities across China.
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In Xi 'an 'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system
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that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.
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Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation, to absorb excess water into the soil underground.
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And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before or it overwhelms communities.
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Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water.
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This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.
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Because you're providing habitat for additional groups, plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.
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Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything.
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The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied.
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But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.
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In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city.
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More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.
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There are other limitations too.
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One review of sponge cities in Guayan, New District, found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate,
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hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next.
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So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate -related problems in others.
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Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.
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So some US cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like LA and Boston,
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are using the green space they already have by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs
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and creating green spaces along median stripes.
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One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change, but they can make a difference in how we live with
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it we often talk about biodiversity like it's far away
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but it's actually right there and I think the more
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that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live
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that really matters people can do things to change cities
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they can do things to make cities different they can do things to make cities better
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Transcription by CastingWords
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Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How China is designing flood-resistant cities”. As palavras que mais se repetem: cities, biodiversity, sponge, climate, urban. Este vídeo tem 75 frases e 954 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 6:27. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 148 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| sponge substantivo | /spʌnd͡ʒ/ | esponja |
| infrastructure substantivo | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | infraestrutura |
| flood substantivo | /flʌd/ | cheia, enchente |
| absorb verbo | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorver |
| excess substantivo | /ˈɛksɛs/ | excesso |
| vegetation substantivo | /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/ | vegetação |
| rely verbo | /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ | contar com |
| pavement substantivo | /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/ | pavimento |
| concrete adjetivo | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | concreto |
| capture verbo | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | capturar |
| pipe substantivo | /ˈpaɪp/ | flauta |
| diverse adjetivo | /daɪˈvɜːs/ | diverso |
| architect substantivo | /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ | arquiteto, arquiteta |
| drainage substantivo | /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/ | drenagem |
| soak verbo | /soʊk/ | molhar-se, ensopar-se |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is presented · is only made · are designed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have been · have been lost |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | species which are · pavement, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 10 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, can't, won't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: flood /flʌd/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, pavement /ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/, concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/, soil /sɔɪl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, coastal /ˈkoʊstəl/, permeable /ˈpɜːmiəbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, shanghai /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como sponge, infrastructure, flood.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.