Prática de Shadowing: Putin's war on Ukraine, explained - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Putin called this a special military operation, but it's clear this is a full -scale invasion.
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Russian troops and tanks have entered Ukraine on all fronts.
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All these cities are under attack, including the capital of Kyiv, which has become Putin's main target.
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Many are sheltering in basements and metro stations across Ukraine.
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There have been hundreds of casualties, and over half a million Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes.
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This is one of Europe's largest wars since World War II.
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Since then, Europe's map has been shaped by political alliances.
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But now Putin wants to redraw Europe's map — by force.
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Putin has long claimed Ukraine belongs to Russia and they are one people.
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We're not just close neighbors.
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We're one nation.
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But Ukraine is a sovereign nation with its own language, culture, and political system.
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And while the two countries do have a shared history, Ukraine has fought hard for its own identity.
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Ukraine was part of the Russian Empire in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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In 1917, the Russian Revolution brought down the empire and the region spiraled into a civil war.
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Ukraine briefly gained independence from Russian rule, but was quickly taken over by the newly created
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Soviet Union as one of its first republics.
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Over the next decade, the Soviet Union brutally expanded its control.
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And by the end of World War II, it forged a sphere of influence over here, while the West held its influence over here,
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essentially dividing Europe and marking the beginning of the Cold War.
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The Soviet Union installed communist governments on their side, which were easy for them to control.
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But the West developed into democracies with capitalist economies.
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The deep ideological divide fueled distrust and tensions between the two sides, and soon these fears hardened into military alliances.
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In 1949, these countries, along with the U .S and Canada, formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
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or NATO, and promised to defend each other from invasion.
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A few years later, these countries joined the Soviet -led
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Warsaw Pact alliance, and each side built up its military to protect itself from the other.
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Europe remained this way for decades, until one side finally collapsed.
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By late 1991, republics like Ukraine began declaring independence from Soviet domination.
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The Soviet Union dissolved into 15 independent countries, including a much weaker Russia.
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And the Soviet sphere of influence disappeared as many countries overthrew their communist governments.
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Even though the Cold War ended, the alliance on the other side of Europe was still going strong.
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In fact, it was expanding.
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In 1999, Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic joined NATO.
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In 2004, seven more countries joined.
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That moved NATO into the old
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Soviet sphere of influence, making NATO's border with Russia the longest it's ever been.
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Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia were now the last post -Soviet countries left between
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Russia and NATO.
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But Ukraine and Georgia both wanted to join NATO for a long time.
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And that made them prime targets for Russia.
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Ukraine became a NATO partner in 1994, which brought them a step closer to becoming a member.
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And in 2013, they reached an association agreement with the European Union.
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But when it came time to sign the deal, Ukraine's pro -Russian government refused.
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Instead, they chose to strengthen ties with Russia.
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After the decision was announced, hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets to demand the agreement be signed.
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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Ukraine!
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Europe!
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After months of peaceful protests, the Ukrainian president cracked down and killed more than 100 people sparking more protests,
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which eventually drove the president out of office and the country.
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This meant Putin was losing political influence over Ukraine.
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So he decided to use force instead.
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First, he invaded and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula.
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Then, Russia -backed separatists captured the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk and declared them independent of Ukraine.
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Since then, Ukraine has been locked in a conflict with Russia that has killed 14 ,000 people and displaced nearly 2 million.
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For nearly eight years, Putin has held on to these regions, destabilizing Ukraine and keeping it from moving closer to the West.
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But in November 2021, Putin decided to go all in.
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Satellite images showed at least 100 ,000 Russian troops and military equipment piling up along the border of Ukraine.
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Putin repeatedly denied any plans to invade.
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But weeks later, he presented his demands to the West.
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His main demand was that NATO stop expanding and move its military borders back to where they were in 1997, away from Russia's.
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Western leaders rejected his demands.
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Instead, they put forces on standby and reinforced their military presence in Eastern Europe.
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Back at Ukraine's border, Russian troops continued to gather.
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And over here, along its border with Belarus, Russia began conducting huge military drills.
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On February 21st, the threat of war became real.
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His troops immediately crossed the Ukrainian border into Russian -backed separatist regions under the pretense of peacekeeping.
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Ukraine announced a state of emergency, and President Zelenskyy made a direct appeal to the Russian people.
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Hours later, on February 24th, Putin launched a full -scale invasion in Ukraine.
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World leaders have spoken out against Russia's invasion.
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We condemn this barbaric attack and the cynical arguments to justify it.
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This hideous and barbaric venture of Vladimir Putin must end in failure.
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Putin chose this war, and now he and his country will bear the consequences.
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Anti -war protests have broken out around the world, including in Russia, despite the risk of arrest.
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Neighboring nations have opened their borders as hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians attempt to flee.
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NATO's response force has been activated for the first time in history.
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And the U .S has sent additional troops to Eastern Europe.
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But in many ways, the world is treading carefully.
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Putin controls the world's largest arsenal of nuclear weapons, and has already threatened anyone who might interfere.
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So countries around the world are imposing some of the harshest economic sanctions to slow Putin down, and sending tons of military aid to support Ukraine.
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For now, Russian forces keep pushing deeper, but Ukraine is fighting back.
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our independence, our state.
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And so it will continue.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Putin's war on Ukraine, explained”. As palavras que mais se repetem: Ukraine, Putin, Russia, Russian, Soviet. Este vídeo tem 78 frases e 1172 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:29. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 138 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| alliance substantivo | /əˈlaɪ.əns/ | aliança |
| invasion substantivo | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | invasão |
| sphere substantivo | /sfɪɚ/ | esfera |
| protest substantivo | /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ | protesto |
| guarantee substantivo | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantia |
| communist substantivo | /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ | comunista, marxista |
| announce verbo | /əˈnaʊn(t)s/ | anunciar |
| divide verbo | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | dividir, separar |
| consequence substantivo | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | consequência, resultado |
| declare verbo | /dɪˈklɛɚ/ | declarar |
| flee verbo | /ˈfliː/ | escapar, fugir |
| invade verbo | /ɪnˈveɪd/ | invadir |
| defend verbo | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | defender, proteger |
| carefully advérbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | cuidadosamente, cautelosamente |
| suffer verbo | /ˈsʌfɚ/ | sofrer |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbo | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | carregar |
| fight back verbo | /faɪt bæk/ | contra-atacar |
| pile up verbo | amontoar, empilhar | |
| take away verbo | /ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/ | levar embora, retirar |
| take over verbo | tomar posse de, apoderar-se de |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have entered · has become · have been |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | have been forced · has been shaped · was quickly taken |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | Kyiv, which has · side, which were · anyone who might |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 5 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, doesn't, I'm. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, overthrow /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, sovereignty /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/, capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: troop /tɹup/, protest /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, communist /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: arsenal /ˈɑːsənəl/, pile /paɪl/, drill /dɹɪl/, spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/, ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, harsh /ˈhɑɹʃ/, harden /ˈhɑɹdn̩/, hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como alliance, invasion, sphere.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.