Prática de Shadowing: How cruise ships got so big - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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In the world of boats, there are little boats and bigger boats.
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And then there are the really big boats.
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This is a cruise ship, the MSC Maravilia, built in Saint -Nazaire, France, in service since 2017, and christened by Sophie Lorraine.
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It is the—sorry, she is the biggest cruise ship to have ever docked in New York City.
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There's a water park, a rope course, a spa, a mall, an arcade, a bowling alley, a casino, a gym, two theaters, five pools,
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nine restaurants, 23 bars, 19 floors, and enough room for 5 ,655 passengers and 1 ,536 crew members.
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Cruise ships are the biggest passenger vessels that humans have ever built.
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They can fit a small town's worth of people into a single vehicle.
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But they have a certain look to them, far from the look of the big transatlantic ships of a hundred years ago.
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So how did the biggest ships we build wind up looking like this?
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Before cruise ships, the biggest ships on Earth were ocean liners.
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Built for one purpose — to take you somewhere.
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In the golden days of ocean travel, before the airplane, people had no choice.
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They had to use ships.
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That's Peter Canigo.
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He's a cruise journalist and ocean liner historian.
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Advertisements from this golden era of ocean liners boasted their speed across the Atlantic and their luxurious comfort, which given the conditions on the open ocean,
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wasn't always easy to achieve.
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If it's February and you're crossing the Atlantic, you're going to be absolutely miserable.
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And the last thing you want to do is realize that you're on a ship.
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What they used to do at the turn of the 20th
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century is they would design at least the first -class part of ships to look like great palatial hotels
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or even palaces themselves.
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Ocean liners like this one, the RMS Aquitania, tried to replicate all the amenities of life on land.
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There were restaurants, smoking rooms, gardens, and a massive lounge with painted ceilings.
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For the first -class passengers, at least all of the comforts of a city but at sea.
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There was a picture of the Aquitania lined up against what was then the world's tallest building, the Woolworth building.
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And the Aquitania was longer and taller than the Woolworth building.
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And that was their way of saying, this is like literally a floating city at sea, just to inspire the confidence of passengers.
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But the rise of air travel meant that ships stopped being the only way to cross oceans.
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And by the 1960s, ocean liners were slowly becoming obsolete.
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As ocean liner companies struggled to sell tickets, they tried something different.
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No longer do liners even attempt to compete with airspeed.
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Now the word is luxury.
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A vacation at sea.
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They continued transatlantic service in the northern hemisphere's summer months.
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But in the winter months, more companies started offering leisure trips to warmer regions.
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And they started advertising ocean travel differently, from selling transportation to selling a vacation.
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The cruise ship was born.
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But they got off to a slow start.
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They didn't really take off until the TV show
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The Love Boat, which exploded the idea of cruising.
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It wasn't just something that your rich grandmother did and made cruising something for the mainstream.
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But as cruises started to become mainstream, ocean liners had a problem.
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They were designed to go fast and consumed a lot of fuel.
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They sat low in the water, which kept them stable in rough seas, but meant they could only access ports with deep harbors.
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They had separate sections for first, second, and third class, but that left a lot of passengers without access to amenities
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and limited everyone's freedom of movement throughout the ship.
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And compared to the full -time cruise ships of the time,
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ocean liners were huge, so they'd have to attract a lot of vacationers to be profitable.
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Everything
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that had made ocean liners optimally designed for commuting quickly through
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rough waters made them poorly fit for vacationing slowly through calm ones.
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As sea travel continued to dwindle even the largest ocean liner in the world.
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The SS France couldn't generate enough revenue to operate, and it's that idle for years.
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Until 1979, when Norwegian Caribbean lines purchased it and made an announcement that shocked the industry.
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They were going to convert the France into a full -time cruise ship.
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Since speed was no longer a concern, they shut down one engine room and removed two of the four propellers.
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To get passengers to islands without deep ports, they installed tenders.
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These are smaller ships that ferried passengers to shore.
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To open up amenities to all passengers, they took out the barriers between class sections.
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And to attract enough vacationers, they loaded the ship with a massive roster of entertainment options.
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There are sporting facilities and shopping centers, the cinema, a multi -confession church, saunas, kindergarten, party games, educational courses, a library, charades.
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The ship began service in 1980, renamed the SS Norway.
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Where other ships made three to four stops in a week -long cruise, the Norway only made two.
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They weren't advertising a cruise to a destination.
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The ship was the destination itself.
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The Norway proved that size worked for cruise ships,
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and it kicked off a race to build bigger and bigger ships that changed the look of cruise ships forever.
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To fit more cabins and amenities, those superstructures — that's all of this that rises above the deck — became taller,
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which hid the once -prominent smokestacks.
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The smokestacks, because the ships are so tall, the funnels are these tiny little afterthoughts.
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To fit even more cabins and amenities, superstructures became wider, which shortened the bow.
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That's this forward part of the ship.
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There is no space where there's just an open deck where
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Jack and Rose can go stand and say they're king of the world or whatever.
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That's all gone.
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The bow didn't need to be long and pointed to cut through intense waves like on transatlantic liners.
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So builders rounded them out, giving even more square footage for amenities.
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When the Norway began service in 1980, it was the biggest operating passenger ship in the world,
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with an internal volume of over 70 ,000 gross tons.
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But the ships built over the following decades make the Norway look tiny, and even make once legendary ocean liners look small.
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The ship that held the record for so many years was Queen Elizabeth of 1940.
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She was 83 ,000 tons.
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People said they will never build a ship that big again.
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Well, now the new
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Royal Caribbean ships are literally three times the size.
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When this ship, the Icon of the Seas,
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launches in 2024, it'll be all the way up here with a volume of over 250 ,000 gross tons.
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That elegance of design is missing, I think, on a lot of the big new ships.
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It's just the way things go and, you know, we all miss what came before and pine on.
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And I'm sure people in 50
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or 100 years from now will pine on about how great -looking the ships were back in the 2020s.
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There are over 320 cruise ships sailing around the world right now.
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But there's only one ocean liner left — the Queen Mary II, also built in St. Nazaire, France, in service since 2004,
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and christened by Elizabeth II, still in regular service from Southampton to New York City.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How cruise ships got so big”. As palavras que mais se repetem: ship, ocean, liner, cruise, passenger. Este vídeo tem 105 frases e 1220 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:14. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 169 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| cruise substantivo | /kɹuz/ | cruzeiro |
| passenger substantivo | /ˈpæs.ɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ | passageiro, passageira |
| vacation substantivo | /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ | férias, vacação |
| ton substantivo | /tʌn/ | tonelada |
| gross adjetivo | /ɡɹoʊs/ | bruto |
| comfort substantivo | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | conforto |
| deck substantivo | /ˈdɛk/ | convés, deque |
| mainstream adjetivo | /ˈmeɪn.stɹiːm/ | convencional |
| destination substantivo | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | destino |
| attract verbo | /əˈtɹækt/ | atrair |
| cabin substantivo | /ˈkæbɪn/ | cabana |
| pine substantivo | /paɪn/ | pinheiro |
| stable substantivo | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | estábulo, cavalariça |
| shock substantivo | /ʃɔk/ | choque |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| shut down verbo | apagar, encerrar | |
| take off verbo | tirar | |
| take out verbo | tirar, remover | |
| wind up verbo | /waɪnd ˈʌp/ | dar corda |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 13 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, didn't, wasn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/, grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/, afterthought /ˈæft.ɚ.θɔt/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, shore /ʃɔɹ/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: amenities /əˈmɛn.ə.tiːz/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, deck /ˈdɛk/, attract /əˈtɹækt/, shock /ʃɔk/, installed /ɪnˈstɔːld/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: stable /ˈsteɪ.bəl/, mall /mɔːl/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/, sail /seɪl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: harbor /ˈhɑːbə/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como cruise, passenger, vacation.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.