跟读练习: How cruise ships got so big - 通过视频学习英语口语

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In the world of boats, there are little boats and bigger boats.

And then there are the really big boats.

This is a cruise ship, the MSC Maravilia, built in Saint -Nazaire, France, in service since 2017, and christened by Sophie Lorraine.

It is the—sorry, she is the biggest cruise ship to have ever docked in New York City.

There's a water park, a rope course, a spa, a mall, an arcade, a bowling alley, a casino, a gym, two theaters, five pools,

nine restaurants, 23 bars, 19 floors, and enough room for 5 ,655 passengers and 1 ,536 crew members.

Cruise ships are the biggest passenger vessels that humans have ever built.

They can fit a small town's worth of people into a single vehicle.

But they have a certain look to them, far from the look of the big transatlantic ships of a hundred years ago.

So how did the biggest ships we build wind up looking like this?

Before cruise ships, the biggest ships on Earth were ocean liners.

Built for one purpose — to take you somewhere.

In the golden days of ocean travel, before the airplane, people had no choice.

They had to use ships.

That's Peter Canigo.

He's a cruise journalist and ocean liner historian.

Advertisements from this golden era of ocean liners boasted their speed across the Atlantic and their luxurious comfort, which given the conditions on the open ocean,

wasn't always easy to achieve.

If it's February and you're crossing the Atlantic, you're going to be absolutely miserable.

And the last thing you want to do is realize that you're on a ship.

What they used to do at the turn of the 20th

century is they would design at least the first -class part of ships to look like great palatial hotels

or even palaces themselves.

Ocean liners like this one, the RMS Aquitania, tried to replicate all the amenities of life on land.

There were restaurants, smoking rooms, gardens, and a massive lounge with painted ceilings.

For the first -class passengers, at least all of the comforts of a city but at sea.

There was a picture of the Aquitania lined up against what was then the world's tallest building, the Woolworth building.

And the Aquitania was longer and taller than the Woolworth building.

And that was their way of saying, this is like literally a floating city at sea, just to inspire the confidence of passengers.

But the rise of air travel meant that ships stopped being the only way to cross oceans.

And by the 1960s, ocean liners were slowly becoming obsolete.

As ocean liner companies struggled to sell tickets, they tried something different.

No longer do liners even attempt to compete with airspeed.

Now the word is luxury.

A vacation at sea.

They continued transatlantic service in the northern hemisphere's summer months.

But in the winter months, more companies started offering leisure trips to warmer regions.

And they started advertising ocean travel differently, from selling transportation to selling a vacation.

The cruise ship was born.

But they got off to a slow start.

They didn't really take off until the TV show

The Love Boat, which exploded the idea of cruising.

It wasn't just something that your rich grandmother did and made cruising something for the mainstream.

But as cruises started to become mainstream, ocean liners had a problem.

They were designed to go fast and consumed a lot of fuel.

They sat low in the water, which kept them stable in rough seas, but meant they could only access ports with deep harbors.

They had separate sections for first, second, and third class, but that left a lot of passengers without access to amenities

and limited everyone's freedom of movement throughout the ship.

And compared to the full -time cruise ships of the time,

ocean liners were huge, so they'd have to attract a lot of vacationers to be profitable.

Everything

that had made ocean liners optimally designed for commuting quickly through

rough waters made them poorly fit for vacationing slowly through calm ones.

As sea travel continued to dwindle even the largest ocean liner in the world.

The SS France couldn't generate enough revenue to operate, and it's that idle for years.

Until 1979, when Norwegian Caribbean lines purchased it and made an announcement that shocked the industry.

They were going to convert the France into a full -time cruise ship.

Since speed was no longer a concern, they shut down one engine room and removed two of the four propellers.

To get passengers to islands without deep ports, they installed tenders.

These are smaller ships that ferried passengers to shore.

To open up amenities to all passengers, they took out the barriers between class sections.

And to attract enough vacationers, they loaded the ship with a massive roster of entertainment options.

There are sporting facilities and shopping centers, the cinema, a multi -confession church, saunas, kindergarten, party games, educational courses, a library, charades.

The ship began service in 1980, renamed the SS Norway.

Where other ships made three to four stops in a week -long cruise, the Norway only made two.

They weren't advertising a cruise to a destination.

The ship was the destination itself.

The Norway proved that size worked for cruise ships,

and it kicked off a race to build bigger and bigger ships that changed the look of cruise ships forever.

To fit more cabins and amenities, those superstructures — that's all of this that rises above the deck — became taller,

which hid the once -prominent smokestacks.

The smokestacks, because the ships are so tall, the funnels are these tiny little afterthoughts.

To fit even more cabins and amenities, superstructures became wider, which shortened the bow.

That's this forward part of the ship.

There is no space where there's just an open deck where

Jack and Rose can go stand and say they're king of the world or whatever.

That's all gone.

The bow didn't need to be long and pointed to cut through intense waves like on transatlantic liners.

So builders rounded them out, giving even more square footage for amenities.

When the Norway began service in 1980, it was the biggest operating passenger ship in the world,

with an internal volume of over 70 ,000 gross tons.

But the ships built over the following decades make the Norway look tiny, and even make once legendary ocean liners look small.

The ship that held the record for so many years was Queen Elizabeth of 1940.

She was 83 ,000 tons.

People said they will never build a ship that big again.

Well, now the new

Royal Caribbean ships are literally three times the size.

When this ship, the Icon of the Seas,

launches in 2024, it'll be all the way up here with a volume of over 250 ,000 gross tons.

That elegance of design is missing, I think, on a lot of the big new ships.

It's just the way things go and, you know, we all miss what came before and pine on.

And I'm sure people in 50

or 100 years from now will pine on about how great -looking the ships were back in the 2020s.

There are over 320 cruise ships sailing around the world right now.

But there's only one ocean liner left — the Queen Mary II, also built in St. Nazaire, France, in service since 2004,

and christened by Elizabeth II, still in regular service from Southampton to New York City.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节口语课以视频“How cruise ships got so big”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：ship, ocean, liner, cruise, passenger。这段视频共有 105 个句子、1220 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 7:14。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 169 个词，接近日常对话。只有 78% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
cruise 名词	/kɹuz/	巡航
liner 名词	/ˈlaɪnɚ/	郵船 /邮船
passenger 名词	/ˈpæs.ɪn.d͡ʒɚ/	乘客, 旅客
vacation 名词	/veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/	假期
ton 名词	/tʌn/	噸 /吨, 公噸 /公吨
gross 形容词	/ɡɹoʊs/	粗, 总
comfort 名词	/ˈkʌm.fət/	舒適 /舒适
deck 名词	/ˈdɛk/	甲板
mainstream 形容词	/ˈmeɪn.stɹiːm/	主流的
destination 名词	/dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/	目的地
attract 动词	/əˈtɹækt/	吸引
cabin 名词	/ˈkæbɪn/	茅舍, 小屋
pine 名词	/paɪn/	松, 松樹 /松树
stable 名词	/ˈsteɪ.bəl/	馬厩, 馬棚 /马棚
shock 名词	/ʃɔk/	衝擊 /冲击

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
take off 动词	脫 /脱
take out 动词	取出

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 13 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you're, didn't, wasn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“th” 音: theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/, grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/, afterthought /ˈæft.ɚ.θɔt/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, shore /ʃɔɹ/
长单词——注意重音位置: amenities /əˈmɛn.ə.tiːz/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, advertisement /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/, vacationer /vəˈkeɪ.ʃən.ə(ɹ)/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: cruise /kɹuz/, amenities /əˈmɛn.ə.tiːz/, gross /ɡɹoʊs/, comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, deck /ˈdɛk/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, poorly /ˈpʊɹ.li/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 cruise, liner, passenger 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: How cruise ships got so big - 通过视频学习英语口语

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