Prática de Shadowing: How to design streets for everyone (Universal Design) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
124 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
This video is sponsored by Brilliant.
2
As someone not living with a disability, it's pretty easy for me to get around city streets, even with ones with less than stellar pedestrian infrastructure.
3
But put a stroller in my hands
4
and an otherwise uneventful walk becomes an exercise in frustration as I have to navigate these tall curbs.
5
All of a sudden, I'm having to use driveways as curb ramps to avoid getting the kid up
6
and down the curb every time.
7
The truth is not all pedestrian infrastructure is created equal.
8
In fact, some of it's so annoying, it's like a toddler who just learned how to say no. Do you want to ride in the stroller?
9
Yeah.
10
Can you please ride in the stroller?
11
Now, the obvious solution in my case would be to install curb ramps so people pushing strollers, people in wheelchairs or motorized scooters,
12
or people who can't make that step can cross the street safely.
13
But curb ramps won't solve every problem out there.
14
Is it possible to design the perfect street?
15
One where all users can feel comfortable and navigate it without safety concerns?
16
This is the goal of universal design and we'll learn about it more after the bike bell.
17
Now I started this video talking about my experiences pushing a stroller
18
because one of the key tenets of universal design is that when you make these changes it's great for everyone,
19
not just for people who you think of as having traditional disabilities.
20
This isn't just a discussion aimed at improving the lives of the 1 .3 billion blind
21
or low vision people in the world, or the 75 million who need a wheelchair, or the nearly 500 million people with a hearing disability.
22
It's for everyone because we will all likely have experiences that will make us need a better design pedestrian network.
23
Maybe you'll push a stroller like me one day, or break a leg, or get old.
24
In the bad old days, universal design was not a consideration in many cities.
25
In 1990, the Americans with Disability Act passed
26
Congress and was signed by President Bush.
27
It aimed to change that.
28
Broadly speaking, it prohibits discrimination based on disability, particularly in the workplace.
29
But Title II of the Act focuses on public entities.
30
It requires public transportation and public spaces to accommodate people with disabilities. Since 1992, the federal government has published the ADA Standards for Accessible Design
31
to help communities know how to design streets for people with disabilities.
32
Other Other organizations have also published best practices for universal design, and these techniques and pieces of infrastructure continue to evolve and improve.
33
So what are some of the best practices in universal design?
34
Let's start with a simple city street.
35
Sidewalks are the obvious piece of infrastructure here.
36
How wide should they be?
37
At minimum, suburban residential sidewalks should be 5 feet or 1 .5 meters wide,
38
and downtown sidewalks should be at least 14 feet or 4 .2 meters wide.
39
The wider the better is the rule of thumb to better accommodate users of all abilities and needs.
40
For example, 7 or 8 feet of width is needed to accommodate two people signing a conversation while walking.
41
Wider sidewalks also allow for people to move more slowly while faster walkers can pass by comfortably.
42
Good streets also have places to sit.
43
Everyone has experienced a moment on a walk where a bench would be really nice.
44
Maybe you need to tie your shoe, take a rest, or do some people watching.
45
Ideally, these places to sit would have arms to help people sit
46
and stand more easily and have shade to protect them from the elements.
47
Streets can be loud and busy and full of stimulus.
48
It's important to have the occasional small, quiet, and closed area for stimulus -sensitive folks, such as neurodivergent people.
49
It helps them take a break.
50
Street trees and groups of benches can give people that respite.
51
Lighting is critically important for most people, especially for those scared of the dark work.
52
More seriously, lighting can help people with low vision see where they are going and help deaf people sign clearly.
53
This is a classic universal design example because while those with disabilities benefit, so too does basically everyone else.
54
If you want a further discussion of street design, go check out a new video at PBS Terra.
55
They profiled Atlanta, a place where there are not as many universal design streets as there needs to be.
56
As a bonus, I make a cameo talking about how to design a car -centric street.
57
I'll leave a link in the description.
58
Okay, with streets covered, let's cross over to intersections.
59
Intersections are one of the most dangerous areas in a city for people of all abilities
60
because they're the primary conflict point between pedestrians and cars.
61
People with disabilities are at an even greater risk.
62
I've left links in the description of videos of blind people navigating intersections.
63
It makes me so nervous just to watch them.
64
How can intersections be made safer for everyone, especially those who cannot always see what they're stepping out into?
65
Let's start simply and get more intensive as we go.
66
First, you could add curb cuts, also called curb ramps.
67
They help people make the transition from sidewalk height to road height and back again.
68
But not all curb ramps are created equal.
69
Diagonal curb ramps are better than nothing, but ejecting pedestrians directly into the center of the intersection isn't super safe.
70
Perpendicular curb ramps are far superior as they point pedestrians in the correct direction.
71
Detectable warning surfaces are not required in most cases, but can offer another piece of tactile feedback.
72
Now that we have pedestrians easing out into the intersection using a ramp, the next thing we can do for them is to reduce crossing distances.
73
This can happen using curb extensions, sometimes called bulb outs.
74
They really only work where there are parking lanes because they take
75
that space and reduce the crossing distance to just the car travel lanes.
76
Everyone benefits from this, but in particular it helps people who need longer to cross an intersection.
77
Curb extensions are also great because they prevent cars from parking too close to the crosswalk, improving visibility.
78
And narrowing the intersection can naturally slow down cars, improving safety for everyone.
79
What about space in between the curb extensions?
80
Crosswalks.
81
Regular old crosswalks help drivers see the shared space in intersections, but they don't do much else.
82
Raised crosswalks take crosswalks to the next level.
83
They eliminate the need for curb ramps entirely, slow traffic, and make it crystal clear to everyone, particularly blind pedestrians, where the crosswalk is.
84
Cities can take this concept even further and raise the entire intersection.
85
This signals to drivers that they are intruding on a pedestrian realm.
86
It sort of reverses the balance of power in an intersection.
87
Typically, pedestrians have to sink to the level of cars to pass through, but a raised intersection forces cars to slow down to pedestrian -friendly speeds.
88
Finally, we can't forget about the traffic signals.
89
Pedestrian countdowns are recommended to help people judge the time they have to cross.
90
For blind pedestrians, audible walk indicators help them know when it's time to get moving across the intersection.
91
There are a variety of sounds used in the U .S., but the recommendation is a rapid tick sound.
92
Speech walk indicators can be used where it's otherwise unclear about which street's walk sign is on.
93
The push button to activate the walk sign must have a raised directional arrow
94
so blind pedestrians can feel the direction of the crosswalk.
95
The tactile arrow should vibrate to help blind and deaf pedestrians know when it is time to cross.
96
One common thread that connects these changes, both on streets and in intersections, is that they are in response to cars.
97
It's no secret that they're noisy, fast, and take up a lot of space.
98
They make it harder for everyone to be a pedestrian.
99
Cars are sort of the universal foil to universal design.
100
And some streets go beyond what we've talked about so far to eliminate the car.
101
Of course, they can be removed entirely, and I've made a video or two about that scenario.
102
But shared street concepts like the Dutch Woonerf prioritize people over cars and can be safer for people of all abilities.
103
Cars aren't eliminated, but are made to feel like guests in a space designed at a human scale.
104
Now it's probably impossible to design the perfect street, even if you follow all the advice in this video.
105
But all streets can be made better.
106
Better for people in wheelchairs, better for people on the autism spectrum, better for people with hearing disabilities.
107
And certainly better for people like me who push a stroller on a daily basis.
108
When we design streets for everyone, everyone wins.
109
A lot of what we talked about in this video is in the realm of civil and traffic engineering.
110
If you're someone who loves engineering and problem solving, then you're going to love the challenges over at Brilliant.
111
They have these weirdly addicting courses on topics like engineering, logic, math, and scientific principles.
112
They can help you level up your critical thinking and observation skills and make you better observers of the urban environment.
113
And they have this great daily challenge feature so you can learn wherever you are.
114
Each daily challenge provides you with the context and framework
115
that you need to tackle it so that you'll learn the concepts by applying them.
116
And if you choose the wrong answer to the challenge, like I did right here,
117
there's a really handy explanation that tells you how to get to the correct answer.
118
This is the kind of thing you can do during your commute on transit
119
or even during a walk on a universal design sidewalk.
120
To take your problem solving and observation skills to the next level and learn more about Brilliant,
121
go to brilliant .org slash city beautiful and sign up for free.
122
And also the first 200 people that go to the link will get 20 % off the annual premium subscription.
123
So go check it out.
124
Thank you.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C11
113 frases
Architectural Design Process Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
18 frases
What is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
51 frases
What's Under Your Feet in New York City?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
21 frases
Solve at MIT: Her Majesty Queen Rania on "Youth, Skills, and the Workforce" Challenge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
54 frases
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
50 frases
Video
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
96 frases
Design Patterns in Java Theory
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
94 frases
Walk and talk and Listen to Native English
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
190 frases
British High Streets Were Perfect... Until We Let This Happen
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
18 frases
Sometimes size does matter #stem #map #perception
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
90 frases
If you’re an aspiring product designer, watch this (roadmap included)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
24 frases
Usability Heuristic 3: User Control & Freedom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How to design streets for everyone”. As palavras que mais se repetem: pedestrian, design, intersection, curb, universal. Este vídeo tem 39 frases e 1704 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:11. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 186 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 81% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente. 9 das 39 frases são perguntas, por isso é um bom treino para a entonação de perguntas e respostas curtas.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| pedestrian substantivo | /pəˈdɛstɹiən/ | peão, peã |
| intersection substantivo | /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/ | nó |
| curb substantivo | /kɝb/ | meio-fio, lancil |
| universal adjetivo | /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ | universal |
| sidewalk substantivo | /ˈsaɪdwɔk/ | calçada, passeio |
| infrastructure substantivo | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | infraestrutura |
| extension substantivo | /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/ | extensão |
| solve verbo | /sɒlv/ | resolver, solucionar |
| eliminate verbo | /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ | eliminar |
| accommodate verbo | /əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/ | acomodar |
| wheelchair substantivo | /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/ | cadeira de rodas |
| navigate verbo | /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | navegar |
| bench substantivo | /ˈbɛnt͡ʃ/ | banco |
| arrow substantivo | /ˈæɹəʊ/ | flecha, seta |
| observation substantivo | /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/ | observação |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
| slow down verbo | desacelerar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Let's start with a simple city street.
- I'll leave a link in the description.
- Finally we can't forget about the traffic signals.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is sponsored · is created · was signed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has published · have also published · has experienced |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | people who can · people who you · those who cannot |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 21 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, can't, I've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, width /ˈwɪtθ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, disability /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: curb /kɝb/, sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔk/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, accommodate /əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/, navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, crystal /ˈkɹɪstəl/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, residential /ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/, tackle /ˈtækəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/, prohibit /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como pedestrian, intersection, curb.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.