Практика Shadowing: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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This isn't a forest.

Not really.

It's actually an urban park in the densely populated city of Nanchang, China, filled with birds, native trees,

and volcanic rock on 137 acres of urban land.

It's called a sponge city, and it's a type of natural infrastructure

that architects around the world are designing to help us combat and withstand a changing climate.

So what does it mean for a city to become spongy?

This video is presented by Delta Airlines.

Today, like everywhere else on the globe, cities are feeling the effects of climate change,

and they often don't have the right infrastructure to help them survive its impacts.

Some neighborhoods in Houston don't have enough trees to provide shade and relief from rising temperatures.

Meanwhile, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities like Mumbai and Seoul that don't often have the infrastructure to handle more frequent flooding.

This is only made worse by the fact that cities are covered with pavement and other surfaces that can't absorb water.

Urbanization changes habitats.

So when you build on a place, it removes vegetation, It alters hydrology.

That's Dr. Charlie Nylon.

He told me that cities play a complicated role in the climate crisis, especially when it comes to maintaining biodiversity.

Biodiversity is, simply put, the total number of plants and animals that occur someplace.

Biodiversity is one of our main support systems for human life on Earth.

We rely on natural ecosystems full of diverse plants,

animals, and organisms for essential things like clean water, food, and medicine.

And biodiversity is critical to defending the earth against climate change.

We need healthy forests to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, and enough native plants for pollinators to help crops flourish.

But studies show that as urban expansion continues, it can drive habitat losses that directly put some species in danger, profoundly impacting global biodiversity.

Cities have a big impact on what happens locally.

Cities capture a significant number of plant and animal species which are native, so that even in cities, there's a significant amount of biodiversity.

Which means they can play a role in saving these local plant and animal species.

The really important thing to think about is not so much how urbanization reduces biodiversity, but really how in cities you can conserve biodiversity.

One way to do this is by creating environments where nature can flourish.

Environments that can also help cities soak up excess water.

And that's where sponge cities come in.

In 2015, China launched a sponge city pilot program in 30 cities across the country.

The goal of the program was to coordinate and promote the construction of sponge cities, which would improve urban drainage and flood prevention,

and create a diverse biological environment.

Architects did this by supplementing the existing gray infrastructure that relied on concrete pipes and dams with natural solutions,

like gardens that are designed to capture rain and native trees that suck up excess water through their roots.

In China, these ideas were taken from ancient drainage systems.

That's because for centuries, Chinese cities actually handled water pretty well, in part because they were built with nature in mind.

A study from the scientific journal

Water recreated some of these old practices.

Building roofs designed with sloped eaves allowed rainwater to fall onto the permeable pavement below,

and exterior walls were lined with flowers and trees to absorb rain and stormwater.

Today, natural solutions like these have been re -implemented in major cities across China.

In Xi 'an 'an, a sewage pipe was replaced with this natural infiltration system

that uses vegetation beds to purify storm and rainwater.

Shanghai replaced concrete roads and sidewalks with this permeable pavement, which is lined with vegetation, to absorb excess water into the soil underground.

And across Wuhan, dozens of urban gardens like these were planted to absorb water before or it overwhelms communities.

Most of these projects rely on introducing vegetation in an urban area to soak up excess water.

This is a really great way to handle flooding, and it also supports urban biodiversity.

Because you're providing habitat for additional groups, plant and animal species, sometimes you can restore habitats that have been lost.

Despite these benefits, sponge cities can't fix everything.

The connection between climate change and flooding is still being studied.

But when floods do happen, these spongy cities are only able to absorb excess water up to a certain point.

In 2021, sponge city designs in Zhengzhou failed when historic rainfall drenched the city.

More than 300 people died from the catastrophic flooding.

There are other limitations too.

One review of sponge cities in Guayan, New District, found that national standards and codes for spongy infrastructure are really difficult to enforce because climate,

hydrology, and even socioeconomics are vastly different from one city to the next.

So what might work in some cities won't necessarily solve climate -related problems in others.

Plus, ambitious sponge city designs like the sprawling parks built in China are expensive and require a lot of space, which most cities don't have.

So some US cities experimenting with natural infrastructure, like LA and Boston,

are using the green space they already have by trying things like planting vegetation on curbs

and creating green spaces along median stripes.

One type of city design certainly won't save us from climate change, but they can make a difference in how we live with

it we often talk about biodiversity like it's far away

but it's actually right there and I think the more

that people understand that the kinds of things they do from where they live

that really matters people can do things to change cities

they can do things to make cities different they can do things to make cities better

Transcription by CastingWords

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ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы

Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук

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FOR YOU

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «How China is designing flood-resistant cities». Чаще всего повторяются слова: cities, biodiversity, sponge, climate, urban. В этом видео 75 предложений и 954 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 6:27. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 148 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 78% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
sponge существительное	/spʌnd͡ʒ/	гу́бка
infrastructure существительное	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	инфраструкту́ра
flood существительное	/flʌd/	наводне́ние, пото́п
absorb глагол	/æbˈsɔɹb/	поглоща́ть, поглоти́ть
excess существительное	/ˈɛksɛs/	превыше́ние, невозде́ржанность
vegetation существительное	/ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/	расти́тельность
rely глагол	/ɹɪˈlaɪ/	полага́ться, положи́ться
pavement существительное	/ˈpeɪvm(ə)nt/	мостова́я, асфа́льт
concrete прилагательное	/ˌkɑnˈkɹit/	конкре́тный, определённый
capture глагол	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	захва́тывать, захвати́ть
pipe существительное	/ˈpaɪp/	свире́ль, ду́дка
diverse прилагательное	/daɪˈvɜːs/	разнообра́зный, ра́зный
architect существительное	/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/	архите́ктор, архите́кторша
drainage существительное	/ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/	дрена́ж
soak глагол	/soʊk/	намока́ть, намо́кнуть

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	is presented · is only made · are designed
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have been · have been lost
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	species which are · pavement, which is

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 10 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, can't, won't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, flourish /ˈflʊ̈ɹ.ɪʃ/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/, frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/, sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔk/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, shanghai /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, flood /flʌd/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, drainage /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как sponge, infrastructure, flood.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: How China is designing flood-resistant cities - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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