शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why women’s clothing sizes don’t make sense - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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46 वाक्य
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1
Look at this note. It's from the Blue Book Modeling Agency in 1945.
2
It says Norma Jean, who you might also know as Marilyn Monroe, was in fact, a size 12.
3
LYNN BOORADY: She was.
4
but back in the 50s, a size 12 was very thin.
5
That was a model.
6
You know, a size 12 then would be about a size 6 now.
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Well, to be exact, she would be a size 8 at Topshop, 6 at Zara, and 4 to 6 at American Apparel.
8
..to actually show you the inconsistencies, I went shopping.
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I bought 3 jeans at 3 different stores, all in the same size.
10
We’re already off to a bad start.
11
These all look different.
12
This is not a 4.
13
This one is the one in the middle.
14
This one fits!
15
Hold up. It won’t zip.
16
I give up. Let’s wind back a little bit.
17
It was the Napoleonic wars and later the Civil War in the US that demanded a sizing system for the mass production of clothing for the first time.
18
It was for men’s uniforms.
19
After that, men’s suit sizes were based on the chest measurement and the rest was calculated accordingly, assuming that their bodies were in proportion.
20
The demands for mass production of uniforms escalated and ready-made clothing became really popular.
21
By the end of the nineteenth century, most people were wearing ready-made clothes.
22
In 1939, the US government funded statisticians to collect the weight and 58 measurements of 15,000 women.
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LYNN BOORADY: They only used white women, even though they took measurements of women of color, they didn’t include them in the study or the calculations.
24
The women who would’ve turned out for these studies were the poor women because they would be paid.
25
So the data set even back then was possibly malnourished women, certainly poor women, and not very diverse group of women… and that’s what we started with.
26
They were looking for key measurements that could predict the sizes of other parts of the body, the way chest sizes had for men.
27
But women’s bodies, with variable breast and hip sizes, were much harder to summarize with a single number.
28
So, the data was used to create a system in 1958 with sizes from 8 to 42, an arbitrary number based on bust size, combined with a letter for height and a plus or minus for hips.
29
The sizing chart was really unpopular, so they made some updates, but finally in 1983 it was completely withdrawn.
30
In the 1970s and 80s, companies started labeling the sizes down, and adding lower numbers like 2, zero and now even double zero.
31
So the waist measurement that used to be a size 12 became an 8.
32
LYNN BOORADY: Vanity sizing specifically, is when the size on the label is lowered artificially, in order to tempt to get somebody to buy the garment.
33
So you’re appealing to the person’s vanity.
34
Sizing has become a marketing tool.
35
LYNN BOORADY: I think it’s done because the women are getting bigger, we’re just addressing that.
36
When the first standardizing chart came out in 1958 it was mostly built out of malnourished, white women.
37
Now, that there’s such a wide group of people to cover, the retailers are picking a certain group of people to sell to, honing in what works with that group and what doesn’t.
38
LYNN BOORADY: I think we’re more aiming for our own target markets.
39
So, when Abercrombie & Fitch does their sizing, they’re sizing to their target market not to me.
40
We kept tweaking that information until we sold more garments and could lower the return rate.
41
That means, even brands owned by the same company will have inconsistent sizes.
42
A size 8 at Banana Republic will have the same hip size as a size 2 at the Gap.
43
So if you get frustrated while shopping….
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LYNN BOORADY: It’s not you, it’s the industry, it’s not women’s bodies, we’re fine the way we are.
45
They are just random numbers, they don’t mean anything.
46
And if you don’t like your size just cut it out of your clothes.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह B2 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Why women’s clothing sizes don’t make sense” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: size, Boorady, sizing, lynn, measurement। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 46 वाक्य और 662 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 4:17 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 155 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 80% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 14 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्दउच्चारणअर्थ
measurement संज्ञा/ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/माप, नाप
malnourished विशेषणकुपोषित
garment संज्ञा/ˈɡɑɹmənt/वस्त्र
vanity संज्ञा/ˈvænəti/घमंड, ग़ुरूर
cloth संज्ञा/klɒθ/कपड़ा, पारचा
inconsistency संज्ञा/ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/असंगति, विसंगति
retailer संज्ञा/ˈɹiteɪlɚ/खुदरा
nineteenth विशेषण/ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/उन्नीसवाँ
calculation संज्ञा/ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/गणना, परिकलन
arbitrary विशेषण/ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/यादृच्छिक
calculate क्रिया/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/गणना करना, हिसाब रखना
waist संज्ञा/weɪst/कमर, कटि
minus/ˈmaɪ.nəs/कम, घटाकर
combine क्रिया/kəmˈbaɪn/मिलाना

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 12 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे we're, don't, didn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: cloth /klɒθ/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, statistician /ˌstætɪsˈtɪʃn̩/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, proportion /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: inconsistency /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/, inconsistent /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/, arbitrary /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/, accordingly /əˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

  • /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: vanity /ˈvænəti/, waist /weɪst/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, variable [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩]
  • /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: standardize /ˈstæn.də.daɪz/, summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/, jeans /d͡ʒiːnz/
  • शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: standardize /ˈstæn.də.daɪz/, statistician /ˌstætɪsˈtɪʃn̩/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर measurement, malnourished, garment जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →