शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why no aquarium has a great white shark - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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There are some shark species that seem to do okay in aquariums.

You'll see a lot of nurse sharks, zebra sharks, some reef sharks and sand tiger sharks, but not the great white.

For decades, aquariums have tried to contain the world's largest predatory fish.

Institutions like Marineland, SeaWorld and the Steinhardt Aquarium repeatedly took in white sharks during the 1970s, 80s and 90s, at times drawing huge crowds.

But they never lasted long.

Some needed help swimming.

None of them would eat.

The longest one lasted was just 16 days.

A 1984 report by the Steinhardt Aquarium put it this way.

In most cases, it could be said that all of these captive sharks were merely in the process of dying, with some taking longer than others.

They had constructed an elaborate transport tank with a harness and IV fluids, but still couldn't keep the sharks alive.

It wasn't until 2004 that the Monterey Bay Aquarium proved

that it was possible to keep white sharks for at least six months.

It took a massive effort, and no one's done it since.

Our approach was one of sort of a systematic, logical sequence of things leading up to our success, and it started with designing the tank.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium had a million -gallon egg -shaped tank, 35 feet deep, designed for open -ocean animals like tuna and sharks.

So you need a big tank.

You also need a small shark.

Adult great whites reach 15 feet on average.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium nabbed one in 2004 that was 4 feet 4 inches, less than a year old.

That made it easier to move and easier to keep.

When they're young, they feed on fish.

And as they get older, they transition to feeding more on mammals.

And so we were targeting the age bracket where we were more able to feed their natural diet it.

And once they collected the shark, they didn't take it straight to the aquarium.

Instead, the Monterey Bay team set up a four million gallon pen right there in the ocean.

That way they could monitor the shark and see

if it would feed before they moved it into a transport tank to travel from Southern California, where the sharks were born, up to the aquarium.

Sharks, like all fish, need to have water continually passing through their gills in order to get oxygen.

Most species can open and close their mouths to pump water through, but white sharks and a couple dozen other species don't do that.

To breathe, they have to move forward through the water with their mouths open.

That's why white sharks start to weaken as soon as they're caught in the net.

And that's why they needed a custom built transport tank for mobile life support.

Everything from oxygen sensors and video cameras and lighting and filtration systems

that were needed for the what turned out to roughly be nine to 11 hour transport time.

Aquarium attendance jumped 30 % while the shark was on display.

After six and a half months, they decided to release it because it had killed two other sharks.

Over the next six years, the aquarium displayed five more baby white sharks.

Some they paid fishermen to hand over, some they caught themselves.

Their stays ranged from just 11 days up to five months.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium had succeeded in doing what no one else could.

But it did take a toll on the sharks.

They developed visible sores from bumping into the sides of the tank.

We actually snuck in with photographers

and took pictures of the sharks as they were beginning to trit and fail due to constant scraping against the wall, basically.

As we viewed it, it was a vase of flowers that would be kept for the visitors.

Historically, aquariums kept sharks that lived near the seabed or near reefs.

That makes sense it's easier to recreate those habitats in a tank.

But in recent decades, aquariums have wanted to bring in bigger, more pelagic sharks, those that spend time roaming the open ocean.

They've even been able to exhibit the largest shark in the world, the whale shark, if they have a big enough tank.

But pelagic sharks are used to being able to swim long distances without obstructions, changing directions only as they please.

So the faster moving sharks like the white shark, mako shark, and blue shark, They have trouble with walls when they're put in a tank.

That's what was happening with the Monterey Bay Aquarium's sixth white shark in 2011.

They decided to release it after 55 days and its tracking tag revealed that the shark died shortly after being released.

They're not sure why.

But since then, they haven't tried to bring in another great white shark.

It's a very, very, very resource intensive program

and we felt like we had accomplished our goal of introducing the general public to a live white shark.

It took a huge, carefully planned system to keep a white shark alive.

And even then, the sharks didn't quite fit there.

We can't seem to stop trying though.

Earlier this year, an 11 and a half foot great white shark was taken to an aquarium in Okinawa,

Japan, after getting caught in a fisherman's net.

It was the only adult white shark ever to be put on display.

And within three days, it was dead.

I wanted to show you a great resource online called the Biodiversity Heritage Library.

It's the product of a couple dozen museums and libraries, all agreeing to scan millions of pages from books related to biodiversity.

They've got a bunch of great albums on Flickr, including one that's all about sharks.

Some of these go back to the 16th and 17th centuries, back when naturalists used to call sharks see dogs,

which is funny because as we now know, sharks were roaming the oceans for about 300 million years before the first mammals showed up.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Why no aquarium has a great white shark” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: shark, aquarium, tank, Monterey, Bay। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 27 वाक्य और 989 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:49 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 170 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 76% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्द	उच्चारण	अर्थ
aquarium संज्ञा	/əˈkwɛɹ.i.jəm/	जलजीवशाला
resource संज्ञा	/ɹɪˈzɔːs/	संसाधन
oxygen संज्ञा	/ˈɑksɪd͡ʒən/	जारक, ऑक्सीजन
swim क्रिया	/swɪm/	तैरना
sand संज्ञा	/sænd/	रेत, बालू
custom संज्ञा	/ˈkʌstəm/	प्रथा, रीति
flower संज्ञा	/ˈfloʊɚ/	फूल, पुष्प
institution संज्ञा	/ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/	रीति, प्रथा
nurse संज्ञा	/nɝs/	नर्स
sixth विशेषण	/sɪksθ/	छठवां, षष्ठ
collect क्रिया	/ˈkɑlɪkt/	शामिल होने, इकट्ठा करना
introduce क्रिया	/ˌɪntɹəˈdus/	परिचय
monitor संज्ञा	/ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/	पर्यवेक्षक
tiger संज्ञा	/ˈtaɪɡə/	बाघ, व्याघ्र
photographer संज्ञा	/fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/	फ़ोटोग्रफ़र, छायाकार

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

शब्द	अर्थ
hand over क्रिया	थमाना

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	could be said · were born · were needed
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	have tried · have wanted · They've even been

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 14 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, didn't, they've। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“th” की ध्वनियाँ: sixth /sɪksθ/, breathe /bɹiːð/
“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, obstruction /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃən/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: aquarium /əˈkwɛɹ.i.jəm/, institution /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/, photographer /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/, repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/, elaborate /ɪˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/

हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:

/v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: aquarium /əˈkwɛɹ.i.jəm/, swim /swɪm/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, sequence /ˈsiː.kwəns/
/z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/, visitor /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/
शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: swim /swɪm/, scan /skæn/, sneak /sniːk/, scrape /skɹeɪp/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर aquarium, resource, oxygen जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why no aquarium has a great white shark - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?