Pratica di Shadowing: I Investigated Chiropractors - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Creazione lezione...
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The building behind me is a university that costs over $10 ,000 a year to attend.
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Here, students learn the teachings of an 1800 scammer that has no scientific backing.
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And on top of that, this practice is known to cause many fatalities every year.
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So in this video, we are infiltrating this prestigious university to figure out what is going on.
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And the craziest thing is, you've definitely heard of it.
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Chiropractors.
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Oh, that's some cracking news.
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You ever been to one?
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No, I have been to a manual physical therapist.
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They also crack you, but more responsibly.
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Let's Google how many people die from chiropractice every year.
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No official or exact annual counts of death.
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Okay.
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Right.
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It's very rare.
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Roughly three deaths per one or 10 million neck manipulations.
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So this is the very useful Google AI overview.
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Yeah, that's real good.
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Yeah, great.
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Hey, let's look at what the f*ing sources are, shan't we?
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Oh, it's all chiropractors' websites.
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Thank you, Google AI overview.
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Let's look at some actual literature, right?
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This very comprehensive study from 2010 comes to a very comprehensive conclusion.
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Numerous deaths have occurred after chiropractic manipulations.
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The risk of this treatment by far outweighs its benefit.
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Oh.
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And these exact numbers are mentioned in another study.
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The authors calculated that the frequency of irreversible complications is about one One per 850 patients undergoing a series of cervical manipulations,
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a figure that is dramatically different from those usually proposed by chiropractors.
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One in 850 is a lot of people.
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One thing to highlight here is that the things that are being measured are quite a bit different.
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Okay.
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The first study was more about death.
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Here it was more about irreversible complications.
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Okay.
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Right.
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And I found that chiropractors' websites love to point towards the death rates, the verifiable death rate being significantly lower right do not really talk about well what
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if you have a stroke yeah i would imagine there's a lot of complications
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when you mishandle someone's neck here's another one the frequency of
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serious adverse events varied between five strokes per 100 000 manipulations
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to 1 .46 serious adverse events per 10 million manipulations
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but it gets a bit confusing
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because these numbers again are quite a bit lower there is no robust data concerning the incidence
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or prevalence of adverse reactions after chiropractic further investigations are urgently
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needed to assess definite conclusions regarding this issue this study is
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from 2009 they were saying more research is highly necessary more research has not been done right
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and this is in part because it is extremely difficult to get this data
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because chiropractors are not screaming from the rooftops hey we killed 10 people this year why not great question
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and on top of that dead people can't really point fingers also true
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so it is extremely difficult but one thing that is for sure is
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that it has led to many bad outcomes although i want to say growing growing up, I thought chiropractic was like just really cool and awesome.
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Yeah, exactly.
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It's a very normal and common thing to see a chiropractor, right?
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We're going to get into why that is.
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But first, you know who definitely died at the hands of a chiropractor?
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No. The inventor of chiropractic.
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Oh.
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Here we have Mr. Palmer.
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Diddy Palmer dropped out of school at 11 because he had enough or something.
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Okay.
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And then spent most of his time grifting.
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Okay.
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Selling snake oil, doing magnetic healing you know whatever to get by
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and make some money okay yeah
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and during one magnetic healing session he allegedly just kind of up someone's back
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and that made something better for the patient
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and bro was like oh my god i figured it out
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uh -huh now even back then back in the early 1900s
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he got like banished for practicing medicine without a license for doing chiropractic didn't even know that
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that was a thing back in the day yeah sure enough
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i'm impressed with 1900s usa like generally they weren't amazing i would say
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but they kind of figured that one out right
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and importantly the way he spread chiropractics was by starting schools to teach chiropractic that's really smart yeah
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and then his son bj palmer wait it was dd
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and bj yeah that's awesome his son uh bought his chiropractic schools
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and then i don't know they got into a bunch of
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drama tldr son drove into dad with a car dad died
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sorry hold up what do you mean tldr also i want to say he didn't die of
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chiropractics then it was a good segue okay let me have
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this one now this is a very abridged version right i
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can highly recommend the chapel video on this it goes is
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way more in depth also don't feel too bad for him
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because allegedly it was also just a an abusive all the cute dad
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and son business alliance started these schools the palmer college of chiropractic
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and it's a brilliant way of spreading a cult or a belief
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or whatever right starting these schools
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and having other people then practice a real school yeah and
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so in this way it really caught on
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and it's kind of how we ended up right now with chiropractors still being like just a thing
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that everyone knows about
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and accepts as being this you know totally legit thing right
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again it is based on nothing it is based on a
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guy with no scientific knowledge just doing whatever they have a ton of like weird little devices
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that measure pressure points of course they claim they can cure
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subluxation what's that a subluxation is a real medical term for a partial
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or incomplete complete dislocation of a joint thank you google ai
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overview sources chiropractor cape town chiropractor god damn it looking at
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the actual information subluxation syndrome is a legitimate potentially testable theoretical construct for
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which there is little experimental evidence weird sentence it's super super real
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but it's like not no so the distinction you need to make here is
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that it is a theoretical concept
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but there is little experimental evidence therefore an entire practice
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that is based on accepting this as complete truth
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and then doing actual medicine is crazy considering there is no
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real evidence it's insane i do think this phrasing is rough
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for most people it's part of the reason why chiropractics in my opinion is
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so widely considered to be a real thing because
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when you google it all of these chiropractors are great at seo yeah
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and they know how to write texts that are comprehensible to everyone yeah
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and all that text ends up at the top of google
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or in the ai results whereas the actual information is yeah written more complexly
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and more nuanced and subluxation and all of this is being taught in universities
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and stuff it is it is crazy well the first thing
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i want to do is for us to just hit up our local chiropractors
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and try and figure out if they actually still subscribe to this bull. So let's go.
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All right, Jesper, you hit up chiropractors in Amsterdam and Utrecht
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and I hit Groningen and my first observation is why is there many?
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Yeah, there's a lot of them and I've also noticed that they keep really strange opening hours.
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I don't know if you have the same, but like some of them are only open on mondays
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and tuesdays while they're in like super prime locations in the capital city
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so rent can't be cheap you know it is weird i
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mean they do love sublocate subluxation they love it most chiropractors do though
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so that's good yeah i mean it's the main theory of
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chiropractic and i mean yeah clearly they all subscribe to that idea and you can subscribe to this channel.
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Is that funny?
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I think that's funny.
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That's really funny.
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That's good.
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That's really funny, Quintanide.
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I also kind of pretend like I was like a chiropractic snob, like I was like really into it, right?
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So I was like, are you fully licensed?
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Where did you study?
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And they basically all said they studied in England or France.
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Yeah, I looked into this and it's like kind of fascinating because the term chiropractor is not protected here in the Netherlands.
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So if you wanted to right now Quinton Hyde you could say I'm a chiropractor
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and go like I'm a chiropractor crack people's backs
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and charge money for that right really that's actually not great do you know
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if the chiropractors are licensed yeah yeah sure yeah from 2004 2004 okay where did they study
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and in England yeah no I was just googling around
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and I saw the the French chiropractor uni and apparently
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that one is like super prestigious like that's that's like the one right yeah it costs like 10 000
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or 10 000 and a half
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or something euros per year they don't really share all
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that much about themselves and no one really knows what happens on the inside
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or what kind of classes they teach
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and everything that's kind of cool i guess
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and terrifying i would love to try and get in
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and actually see what's going on there also
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if you become a channel member you get really cool bonus content
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and we do monthly hangouts with channel members and it's really cool
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that being said i also think we should just go to paris now
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and try to sneak into that school wait let me rephrase
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that to sneaking into the uni so that makes it sound slightly less
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creepy all right we made it to paris that's in france
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and we're in front of the university very good quentin you're
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so good at geography sometimes sometimes like this is the university where most chiropractors in the netherlands
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and i think belgium
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and probably even germany as well probably a large part of europe at all
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so what we're gonna do is i'm gonna go in there
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and i'm gonna ask if i can get like a consultation here
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which is possible uh up until last year you could actually
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book it on the website they've now gotten rid of
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that feature but it's like a cheaper chiropractic consultation
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because it's done by students right um
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so mostly i want you to see what it is like in there well godspeed king thank you
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went on solemnly marching into the belly of the beast
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actually where's the entrance excuse me uh you know what where's
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the entrance it's cool it's just oh i'm looking for the
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the the clinic yeah somehow i didn't see it thank you
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merci how can i do a consultation for something i want to take your reservation a consultation
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if i can yeah it's your first time yes the consultation for today
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if today is still available that would be cool
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Quinton is in there I do see people going in
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and out of the building and it was really hard
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while researching this university to find anything about it because all of their like schedules,
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course information and stuff is behind a password which I guess you can obtain for 10 000 a year.
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Hi, sorry, do you guys study at the the chiropractic?
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Are you in first year, second year? fourth year wow five years wow yeah
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and do you learn about subluxation as well yeah yeah that's
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one of the big uh trends do you learn about the history of like dd palmer
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and bj palmer okay so
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that is you also have history classes incorporated interesting what is the schedule like for you guys We study all the week, but not the weekend.
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Okay, yeah.
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Saturday, Sunday, it's hot.
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But we have a lot of practice lessons.
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Yes, five hours in the week.
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So five hours of practical...
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Yes, yes.
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Oh, wow.
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And do you have exams?
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Yes.
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Is it like...
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Every month.
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Every month?
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Oh my god.
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Sounds really tough.
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Yes.
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But do you enjoy it?
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Yes.
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Yes.
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Okay, okay are the teachers nice or are they yes yes oh quentin is back
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that was perfect timing my main takeaway from
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that is they learn the history of the palmer family
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which yeah that's something what's up king i have news in 30 minutes i'm gonna have my full first session and consult
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yes baby downside it takes two hours you know how he
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told me the price yo it's just students it's only 28 euros i'm like cool
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and he's like and then of course 20 i was like okay so 48 yeah
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what how was the inside of the building crazy
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so um there's two different entrances there's the clinic entrance
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and the uni entrance uni entrance that one clinic entrance
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that one does it feel like a place where students just march in
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and they don't need to bleep any cards i didn't have to bleep any cars i walked in
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because presumably you're gonna go to the clinic part yeah i could
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while you're there try and wander into the thing that's smart okay
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so quentin is going in with our camera lady um who
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is like you know the concerned girlfriend to hopefully get some more shots of what's actually happening
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and i'm gonna be out here waiting until it's my turn
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to do something sorry i'm a few minutes late an old lady fell down
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and we had to help her out okay
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so tell us about what brought you here it's mostly like my upper like shoulders
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or like back like back shoulders i'll call them
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that are like really tight everything we are doing we know
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that it's not it's it's safe for you for sure yeah
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so the this is just to tell you like right general
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condition you know i'll put it in translate i thought maybe with my high school french i can read about this.
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Okay, while Quinton is having his spine snapped into a million pieces, I've just been circling the building of the IFEC,
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and I've also been looking into their requirements for new students, and it's kind of weird.
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So for reference, most universities, like most programs, you need good grades or a specific thing you did in high school.
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Like for example, if you want to study chemistry in most universities, you need to at least have taken chemistry in high school
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and done well on it right it makes sense you need
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that base knowledge
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but in the case of the chiropractors you just need to
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be at least 17 you need to have a high school diploma doesn't matter what kind
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and you need to be able to speak english and
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if you don't then you might need to take a test
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those are literally all the requirements for the moment you can say like me
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and you do like me okay okay sorry maybe no it's it's fine it's fine okay uh
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so can you just uh take off oh yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah the pain is with the left arm
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or the right the right it was the left arm
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and on the right side okay and
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when you do with the right arm yes i'm back at the front entrance of the cairo uni
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and while pacing around i also noticed
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that they have their dorms like right next to i mean
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it's the same building honestly just attached to it this is
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part of the chiropractic university you're looking for the where you can go yeah yeah no i'm just wondering
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because are these the dorms dorms like where you sleep yeah
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oh gotcha gotcha the clinic is right here isn't all
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that weird for unis obviously it's a it's a campus
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but i can imagine how as a student here
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if you also live here it becomes your whole world i was also just informed
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that quentin had to do a whole questionnaire before starting his consultation
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which you know not to read into it too much but
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that is a classic cult thing you know think about the scientology personality tests
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and whatever else so what i'm gonna do now is i'm just gonna
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i guess pretend to be a student
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and march into the uni part of the ifeq have a little hidden cam see if I can gather some more info.
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It feels very closed.
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Also mirror blackout windows.
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Okay so the main doors are not working.
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Let's try this entrance.
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The only way that I got in was because someone held the door open for me.
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Okay so that's four levels to this.
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Oh my god.
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It's the palmer.
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Fascinating.
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Printing room.
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This area is f*ing bad.
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Just wandered into a class.
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Seems very casual.
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Okay, so it seems like the university part of this building is pretty small.
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like it's just um three levels of classrooms the class
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that i walked into seemed super chill like the teacher was just hanging out with the students
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and then i think the main part of this whole complex is just the actual like clinic someone coming in there
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okay i've wandered out of there um yeah you can only
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get in there with like a key card shout out to
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the person who held the door open for me no questions
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asked i stood outside one of the lectures for a little bit
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and just kind of listened to what was being discussed
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and then i also googled it to see if it was like bullshit
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or legit stuff and
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that was mostly just you know legit uh physics essentially just talking about how x -rays work
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and i think that's the hard thing right like you do learn a lot of useful stuff i'm sure but
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that bust of palmer boy you know that's kind of crazy
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that's kind of crazy to be like yeah the snake oil slinging bro is our hero
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and just wandering through there like i said i think most
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of it is geared towards making money off of students paying 10 500 a year
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and making money other people going for consultations like quentin is
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right now yes yes the chiropractic is yes the chiropractic is
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the try to help the body to adapt the best way
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to the environment we use a lot of techniques to do
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that um that there is like soft tissues technique like kind of massage right
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and there is also uh we call it adjustment it's the
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crack thing maybe i will not have to do this okay
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but sometimes i use it as i'm like walking around this super imposing building
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and reflecting on what i saw on the inside i realized
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the top layers don't seem to be part of the university
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at all the classrooms go up to the fourth floor
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which you know is up to there
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and then actually on there you can barely see it
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but that's like um this is for sale
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and for rent posters on top of that the fact
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that all of their windows are reflective and you just cannot look inside
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and you need a key card to be able to get
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inside yeah it gives it a pretty closed off feel whereas
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with most universities you can just wander in right like it's a pretty open space days
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which i think is good you know
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when you're doing science you don't want it to be um
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behind reflective windows you you want to be transparent about
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that then again they're doing imo for the most part pseudoscience
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so yeah so you do this okay with my hands yeah you push your head with your finger
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uh 10 uh times 10 times yeah like i said earlier you i'm checking all the body
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because you you your middle of your back can't work without
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no true fair fair fair that's maybe that's a little disturbing
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but that's uh no i got it this one i mean
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it's a bit sensitive okay yeah no that's I'm not sure if it's sensitive.
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First, please.
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Oh my god.
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You study here?
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Yes.
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At the chiropractic?
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Ah, sick.
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Do you know Mark?
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Because I'm waiting for my friend Mark.
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I don't know who he is from Mark.
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Actually, what year are you in?
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I'm in the first year.
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Oh, okay.
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I think it's the second year, but yeah.
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But in the school, I have a training.
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A different chiropractic training?
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or yeah yes I'm running it oh nice well have fun
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enjoy you too hey you guys speak English yeah sure sick
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what do you do you would like to maybe study have
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a program in English here yes oh cool there are a lot of many Belgian people yeah
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and people to a Cheryl I'll take a free tour you
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got like a whole cool spacer yeah that's awesome okay the accommodation was unfortunately not
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that interesting just a bunch of bros playing table tennis
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and yeah rooms you survived congrats yes
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so okay allow me to run you through it yeah tell
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me what happened we go in we're trying to sneak nat in right
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so we want to do the whole can my girlfriend come
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in spiel this was an immediate acceptance we walk in can
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come in absolutely they're like okay it's time to go in
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and they're asking me what's wrong with you now i was like what
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if i just become completely honest
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and i tell them my like top of my back like
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my shoulders are completely stuck all the time it hurts first
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we sit down we do a questionnaire do you smoke do you drink how long has this been hurtful
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if you do this does it hurt you know all
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that kind of stuff yeah it takes a long time there's
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two two people by the way both wildly attractive okay
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so then they were like we're gonna now go away talk to the teachers about you know what our plan
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and if it's right because we don't want to just do
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that on you they go away they're gone pretty long i think they said
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that they wanted to treat you now as well yeah you caught
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that right they come back they're like okay we're now gonna
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do physical diagnostics they you know they turned me on my
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belly they're on my back i have to take off my shirt didn't love
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that at a certain point they're like okay we have a plan to treat you
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so we're gonna go to the teachers
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so they went away again um they gave me a terms
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of condition in french they were like yeah you can translate it with your phone
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and then they told us they don't always do the cracking stuff
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that is like a only if it's needed last resort type of thing right
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and most of the time it's something else now what i
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found fascinating is a lot of it was like pressure point
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stuff like at a certain point i had to hold my hand like this
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and he was like okay you do this
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and like i was like laying there like this
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and then he would move my leg and he was like does that hurt and i was like yeah
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and then he would do something and then he would do it again
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and it's like does it hurt still like no
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and i will admit the more he did it the less
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it hurt yeah like a massage yeah i think a lot of it was
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that i think a lot of it was either shallow to deep tissue massage they ended up giving me
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three pressure points in my body that i should massage
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but i do want to say since i've had actual physical
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therapy for a long time in the past certain like exercises they gave me
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or made me do are renowned the phrase um your your next best position
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while sitting is the next one is also like a well -known thing
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but the connection between that and what they were doing was never made super clear yeah
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but it like it was all accepted to science i came
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to roughly the exact same conclusion really let me run you
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through what i did yeah what happened at first i walked around the building
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and i noticed the dorms are attached to the building
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so most students live
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and study in like a square hundred meters really then I
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wanted to enter through the door where you told me to enter
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that was not enterable so then I went around to a back door
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that was also keycard locked but a very kind student just held it over to me
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so then I went in and I entered
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and scouted out the entire university class area okay a lot
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of it was very back room see like like liminal spaces
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scouted all four floors there isn't a lot of university space
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and it appears that the top levels of this imposing building aren't being used at all
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and then i started speaking to students
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and same thing as you said they were all
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so delightful all of them were kind of telling me about their student life yeah
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and it seems extremely intense i asked them about um like okay
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so do you learn a lot about the palmers
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and they were basically like yeah
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and within this university you can choose to either go more the philosophical route
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so go more into the history the shady ass history of this
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or be more practical about it i also uh kind of
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listened in on a class happening next to the door okay
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and this was uh from as far as i could tell
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just a pretty fine explanation of x -rays it also led me to the conclusion
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that you surely learn a lot of legit useful stuff here yeah
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but then the i could tell from the from what they
411
were talking about yeah the starting point is very not legit yeah
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and the entire underlying like the base yeah not i was
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talking to these two guys being like oh yeah i'm just waiting for my friend to get out of class
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and i was asking like yeah i looked into the palmer story
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and they seem a bit weird
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and they were like yeah fair enough they're a bit weird
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but it's really good here you learn a of good stuff
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and i'm like i believe you yeah but when you fail to see
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that the underlying idea of everything that this is about
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that you pay 50 000 euros for is it's kind of
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like how the best lies have a tinge of truth
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and it feels so grifty on the part of these universities
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because you can learn all of the useful stuff in regular universities
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that are only like 3 000 a year i guess it's
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one of those things where the end is a lot more nuanced
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and neutral like most interesting stories
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so i i guess i'd love to hear what you think honestly after seeing
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and hearing all of this let there's no wrong answer well there is there's one wrong hook
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and the video you see on your screen right now is one
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that youtube thinks you're really gonna like so let's click it find out whether
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or not they're right can I hit your spine now yeah real hard real hard

Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “I Investigated Chiropractors”. Questo video contiene 370 frasi e 4606 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 27:12. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 169 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare. 76 delle sue 370 frasi sono domande: un buon esercizio per l’intonazione interrogativa e le risposte brevi.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
entrance sostantivo/ˈɛn.tɹəns/entrata
consultation sostantivo/ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən/consultazione
clinic sostantivo/ˈklɪn.ɪk/clinica
crack sostantivo/kɹæk/crepa, fessura
manipulation sostantivo/məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/manipolazione
wander verbo/ˈwɑndɚ/errare, vagare
conclusion sostantivo/kənˈkluːʒən/conclusione
massage sostantivo/məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/massaggio
overview sostantivo/ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/visione d'insieme, resoconto
euro sostantivo/ˈjʊɹoʊ/euro
subscribe verbo/səbˈskɹaɪb/abbonarsi
adverse aggettivo/ˈæd.və(ɹ)s/contrario, avverso
practical aggettivo/ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/pratico
sensitive aggettivo/ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ricettivo, sensibile
whereas/(h)wɛɹˈæz/laddove, mentre

I phrasal verb che sentirai

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
go away verbopartire, andarsene
end up verboandare a finire, finire
figure out verboscoprire, rendersi conto
take off verbotogliere
come back verbotornare
fall down verbo/fɔl ˈdaʊn/cadere
find out verboscoprire
grow up verbocrescere

Frasi da ripetere

Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:

  • Hey, let's look at what the sources are, shan't we?
  • Do you know if the chiropractors are licenced?
  • How can I do a consultation for something?
  • Sorry, do you guys study at the chiropractic?
  • What is the schedule like for you guys?

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

StrutturaNel video
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corsoI've just been circling · I've also been looking
Frasi condizionali if + frase, will/would + verbo — una condizione e il suo risultatoif today is still available that would be
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fais known · are mentioned · being measured
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adessoyou've definitely heard · have been · have occurred

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

Chi parla usa 92 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come I'm, gonna, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.

  • I suoni “th”: theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/
  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: consultation /ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən/, manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: consultation /ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən/, manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/, allegedly /əˈlɛdʒ.ɪd.li/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, heal /ˈhiːl/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, comprehensible /kɒmpɹəˈhɛnsɪbəl/
  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/, clinic /ˈklɪn.ɪk/, crack /kɹæk/, legit /lɪˈd͡ʒɪt/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/
  • /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: crack /kɹæk/, adverse /ˈæd.və(ɹ)s/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, magnetic /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come entrance, consultation, clinic.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →