Pratica di Shadowing: Truly EVIL Human Experiments That Actually Happened - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Creazione lezione...
1
Evil human experiments!
2
Alright fellas, let's start things off a little easy.
3
Back in the 4th century BC, Greek civilization was reaching new heights.
4
People were getting more and more curious about the world around us and began asking really important questions.
5
What does that do?
6
How does that work?
7
Should I do a soup or salad?
8
How do you magnet work?
9
Is this real life?
10
Or is this fancy?
11
Does the shrimp really fry the rice? Or not?
12
All pretty valid questions for people just wishing to learn the workings of the natural world.
13
While many focus on the mechanics of the universe, others chose to focus on the inner workings of humans themselves, and not only from a philosophical standpoint.
14
Sometimes you just want to know what makes us tick.
15
That's what Greek physician Herophilus wanted to find out and document in detail.
16
After getting his education at the Hippocratian medical school in Greece, Herophilus turned his bulging eyes towards the city of Alexandria,
17
Egypt, with its big throbbing library chock full of scrolls just begging to be read.
18
Time to go to Egypt, he said.
19
And so he did.
20
Doot doot doot.
21
After getting himself established and taking on a student, a young physician named Erisistratus, they got to work.
22
Together, the two men would begin to carve out a new branch of science, anatomy.
23
But in order to do so, you need some bodies to cut open to start slopping their guts around, and what better way to obtain fresh bodies than to use condemned criminals,
24
captured and supplied by the Alexandrian rulers.
25
Little Hero and Era were like kids in a candy store with a hopeful glimmer in their eyes, excited to begin their wondrous experiments.
26
But surely the criminals put under the knife were already past their expiration date, right?
27
Nope.
28
Instead, Hero and Era performed live human dissections, called vivisections, to broaden their understanding of the human body.
29
They even went as far as to perform these surgeries in
30
full view of the public for anyone who thought it would be cool and interesting.
31
Wow, that's both cool and interesting.
32
That's what I'm saying.
33
Hierophilus documented their findings in extreme detail, making breakthrough discoveries of the human anatomy.
34
In doing so, he inflicted unimaginable suffering to his subjects.
35
Since anesthetics weren't really a thing back then, the victims felt every cut and slice, at least until they passed out from the pain or died of blood loss.
36
Dissecting intestines, reproductive organs, eyes, or even purposefully damaging the motor nerves to inflict paralysis.
37
It was basically a big game of, what does this button do?
38
In the end, Hero and Eris findings over 40 years of vivisections were revolutionary for the medical world,
39
especially since human dissection would be outlawed shortly after their work was completed.
40
It wouldn't be until 1800 years later that performing human dissections would be a medically acceptable practice again,
41
but like, you know, on dead people?
42
Their work was stored in the renowned Library of Alexandria, but they were lost in the Great Fire a few hundred years later.
43
Project 4.1 was actually a side project proposed immediately after the deployment of Castle Bravo,
44
a high-yield thermonuclear bomb that was dropped in 1954 by the United States.
45
Bravo was part of Operation Castle, a series of other high-yield nuclear tests with the goal of establishing superiority over the Soviet Union.
46
The Marshall Islands, a remote Pacific group of islands, served as ground zero for the detonation of the nuclear weapons.
47
Castle Bravo was the strongest detonation, and surprisingly produced 2.5 times the expected explosive yield,
48
resulting in an explosive force equivalent to 15 megatons of TNT.
49
To put that into perspective, that is 1,000 times the explosive force of the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan in the final days of World War II.
50
Goddamn.
51
To make matters worse, the Marshall Islands were occupied with citizens.
52
So, US officials were kinda like...
53
Uh, sir, shouldn't we get those people out of the...
54
Bless ya.
55
Thanks sir.
56
My allergies have been bothering me all day.
57
Must be the radiation, right?
58
No but seriously, are we gonna get those people out of the, uh, out of the radiation zone?
59
Yeah, you know, that wasn't my to-do list.
60
Well, too late now, so let's just see how things turn out.
61
Castle was quickly amended with the addition of Project 4.1.
62
This new section aimed to study the human response to significant radiation exposure.
63
You know, as if tens of thousands of victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki weren't evidence enough.
64
Commander of the US Naval Medical Corps, Eugene Cronkite, was in charge of the project
65
and swore everyone involved to absolute secrecy
66
because he thought the public wouldn't be too keen on the whole test nuclear radiation on non-consenting people think.
67
Overall, 239 Marshallese residents were exposed to significant levels of radiation and began showing signs of radiation poisoning a few days later.
68
Symptoms included loss of hair and significant skin damage with weeping wounds, although the wounds did heal rather quickly.
69
Immediate observations ceased after 75 days with the conclusion that no long-term effects were likely, but just out of curiosity,
70
regular checkups were performed on the residents for years after.
71
Women saw increases in miscarriages and stillbirths, and newborns that survived experienced developmental difficulties,
72
impaired growth, and a disproportionate development of thyroid cancer.
73
In addition, about one-third of those exposed had developed significant tumors by 1974,
74
20 years after Operation Castle commenced.
75
In the following years, Marshallese representatives spoke out against the United States with accusations
76
that the scope of the experiment was premeditated and intentional, to which the US officials responded, Nuh-uh.
77
During the early years of the Soviet Union, it wouldn't be uncommon for political opponents to quickly fall ill
78
with a strong case of the death at the hands of poison.
79
In fact, it was quite an effective and discreet way to silence any
80
and all opposition without causing too much of a stir.
81
Well, besides the public reacting to mysterious deaths.
82
And that is why we must rise up against the- Oh, look at that.
83
They got another one.
84
So how were the Soviets so good at developing successful poisons?
85
Well, you've got to run preliminary trials on living subjects, of course.
86
So in 1921, a year before the Soviet Union officially formed, the Kamara was established.
87
This was the Soviet Secret Service's poison laboratory.
88
Here, new deadly poisons were developed and tested on human subjects.
89
Those tested were prisoners from the Gulags, various labor camps built around the country for anyone who even had a fleeting thought that wasn't approved by the Soviet Union.
90
Hmm, carry on.
91
The ultimate goal of the Kamara was to devise a poison that was not only lethal, but undetectable.
92
It would be colorless, tasteless, odorless, and untraceable in an autopsy.
93
would be unknowingly administered various test poisons, which were disguised as medication.
94
For me, if it isn't an orange flintstone vitamin, I don't trust it.
95
The various poisons tested included ricin, which causes severe internal distress and suffering, cyanide, which can cause violent seizures and heart attacks,
96
and karari, a potent muscle relaxant that makes you painfully choke to death.
97
In the end, the tests were pretty successful.
98
For the Soviet Union, not for the prisoners.
99
Which led to innovative ways to discreetly dispatch a target, from deploying a cyanide mist to making an assassination look like a heart attack.
100
But the blue ribbon winner was the concoction known as C2, carbolamine choline chloride, which was basically liquid depression.
101
Exposure to this sucker sparked a very curious reaction.
102
Instead of a violent telltale I've been poisoned type death, the victim would simply become weak with a rapid decline in health,
103
all while maintaining a calm and silent demeanor.
104
Death occurred within 15 minutes.
105
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian officials have claimed that the Kamara has been disestablished and abandoned.
106
Yeah, sure.
107
Now you may have heard about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which was an unethical medical study funded by the United States Public Health Service in 1932,
108
which involved the study of nearly 400 African American men who had naturally contracted syphilis.
109
The goal was to observe the effects of the disease when left untreated in African-American males.
110
Even though penicillin, an antibiotic cure for syphilis, eventually became widely available to the public, the afflicted men were intentionally never cured.
111
Fucked up, right?
112
Well, the US decided to outdo themselves with the Guatemalan syphilis experiment.
113
In 1946 to 1948, more than 5,500 Guatemalan natives including children were involved in the
114
experiment against their will with the Guatemalan government granting access to the unwilling patients in hospitals mental institutions
115
and even orphanages around 1300 relatively healthy individuals ages 10 to 72 were intentionally infected with syphilis
116
and even gonorrhea Transmission was either done by direct bacterial contact into wounds or by sexual transmission with infected native sex workers,
117
which were funded by the US government by the way.
118
The latter of which proved to be a very effective method of infection.
119
The guy in charge of these experiments was Dr. John C.
120
Cutler, but you can call him Dr. Dickass.
121
He often failed to keep accurate medical records of his experiments and instead would only provide anecdotal evidence in his findings,
122
probably because he knew what he was doing was unethical.
123
Which very much sounds like something only a dickass would do.
124
But all joking aside, the experiments conducted on these people were gruesome.
125
Perhaps one of the most notable documented examples of what these people experienced was about a female patient named Berta.
126
The following is an excerpt from that document.
127
Berta was a female patient in the psychiatric hospital.
128
In February 1948, Berta was injected in her left arm with syphilis.
129
A month later, she developed scabies.
130
Several weeks later, Dr. Cutler noted that she had also developed red bumps where he had injected her arm, lesions on her arms and legs,
131
and her skin was beginning to waste away from her body.
132
Berta was not treated for syphilis until three months after her injection.
133
Soon after, on August 23rd, Dr. Cutler wrote that Berta appeared as if she was going to die, but he did not specify why.
134
That same day, he put gonorrheal pus from another male subject into both of Berta's eyes, as well as her private areas.
135
He also re-infected her with syphilis.
136
Several days later, Berta's eyes were filled with pus from the gonorrhea, and she was bleeding from her private area.
137
Three days later, on August 27th, Berta died.
138
Told you he was a dickass.
139
The overall goal of the study was to determine the effectiveness of penicillin in preventing the STDs.
140
Dr. Cutler had allegedly finalized his reports in 1955,
141
but no evidence was ever found proving that the reports were submitted for peer review or even published.
142
So out of all of that suffering, nothing of medical value was produced.
143
Though I will say in some glimmer of fairness, a treatment program was established by the United States and made available to the affected Guatemalan population,
144
but only half were reported to actually have received treatments with a questionable quality of care.
145
United States President Barack Obama formally apologized to the Guatemalan government in 2010, 62 years after the study was performed.
146
Yeah, that last one was quite the doozy, huh?
147
Well buckle up cause it's about to get way worse.
148
See this right here?
149
This is Unit 731.
150
It was home to some of the most notorious and truly evil war crimes committed by the Japanese in World War II,
151
which are definitely up there with some of the worst in the history of mankind.
152
Unit 731 served as a lethal human experimentation and biological weapons laboratory during the Second Sino-Japanese War between China and Japan,
153
which ran concurrent to most of the events of World War II.
154
This nightmare facility was established in 1935 in the subprovincial Chinese city of Harbin,
155
four years after Japanese forces invaded the Chinese region of Manchuria.
156
Inside hundreds of thousands of Chinese
157
and even some Russian prisoners of war were subjected to some of the most egregious and horrifying human experimentations known to man.
158
Experiments performed on men, women, and children.
159
Which is everyone.
160
Those chosen for experimentation were dehumanized and referred to as maruta
161
or logs rather than as people because the cover-up story for Unit 731 was that it was a lumber mill.
162
It should be noted that the vast majority of the experiments in the facility were carried out to fulfill morbid curiosity,
163
with those performing or overseeing the studies described as merely playing.
164
A testimony from a Japanese professor who witnessed the studies was quoted saying
165
that some of the experiments had nothing to do with advancing the capability of germ warfare, or of medicine.
166
There is such a thing as professional curiosity.
167
What would happen if we did such and such?
168
What medical purpose was served by performing and studying beheadings?
169
None at all.
170
That was just playing around.
171
Professional people, too, like to play.
172
So, basically experiments were like, huh, I wonder what would happen if we just hucked a grenade at a guy.
173
Bang.
174
Oh look, he exploded.
175
Hey, can I go home now?
176
Gee, I wonder if this large heavy object will crush this guy.
177
Yup.
178
Will this guy freeze to death if I freeze him to death?
179
Wow, who would have guessed?
180
A lot of these experiments were designed to test the absolute limits of the human body.
181
Tests included depriving victims of food or water to see how long they could survive, placing victims in low pressure chambers until their eyes popped from their skulls,
182
injecting victims with animal blood, hanging victims upside down until death, or even draining victims of blood just to study blood loss limits.
183
Some victims were even dehydrated in front of large hot fans to the point of mummification.
184
At the time of death, they only weighed 20% of their initial body weight.
185
Perhaps one of the worst examples I've read was the forced pregnancy of female victims.
186
The mothers were injected with various diseases and drugs just to see how they affected the unborn child,
187
sometimes performing a vivisection, cutting the fetus out of the mother for examination.
188
There's honestly so many more gruesome experiments that I just can't get into here, so if you are curious, I would encourage you to look them up.
189
But it's like legit really bad, so you've been warned.
190
By the end of the war, as Soviet forces were closing in, Japanese officials had all remaining prisoners executed
191
and the entirety of Unit 731 hastily demolished to destroy any remaining evidence of the program's existence.
192
The United States had discovered trace evidence and pressured Japanese officials into spilling the beans,
193
under threat that they would be handed over to Soviet officials for trial and punishment if they did not cooperate.
194
Once the US learned the full extent of the horrors of Unit 731, all of those involved were swiftly brought to trial and executed for their crimes.
195
Except no, they actually weren't.
196
In reality, the United States claimed that the data collected from the inhumane atrocities was actually pretty valuable,
197
since it is otherwise ethically unobtainable through conventional means.
198
As such, many of those involved were granted immunity and freedom in exchange for the data.
199
The deal was struck, and the United States kept everything under lock and key.
200
The Soviet Union, however, pursued trials against the top military leaders and scientists from Unit 731.
201
In the end, only 12 individuals were tried and sentenced to several years in labor camps,
202
Although the United States repeatedly denied that Unit 731 ever existed.
203
Well that was a bummer.
204
Here's something to cheer you up.
205
I'll see you over there.
📺 Stesso Canale
✨ Video consigliato
B21
186 frasi
Creepy Psychology Experiments That Actually Happened
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
165 frasi
How Gross Was the Past, Really?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
54 frasi
I had surgery... my body tried to drown me
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
208 frasi
fiction_1_OxfordReader
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
396 frasi
Training W/ Real Life Vampire (Anti-aging)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
258 frasi
When Corruption Pushed People too Far in History
University StudentsWorking Adults
B21
221 frasi
The Worst Punishments in Human History
University StudentsWorking Adults
B12
574 frasi
Infected Lovers With HIV Then Sent Cruel Texts | The Man Who Used HIV as a Weapon
University StudentsWorking Adults
B12
33 frasi
Learn English Practice Reading Listening English Level 3 “The History of Trial By July”
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
125 frasi
9 Photos with Terrifying Truths Explained In 12 Minutes
University StudentsWorking Adults
B21
203 frasi
One of these celebs used to work for the CIA
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B11
12 frasi
that sound youtubers use to seem smart
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Che cosa imparerai in questa lezione
Questa lezione ti aiuterà a migliorare la tua pronuncia, l'intonazione e la capacità di seguire un discorso veloce e dinamico in inglese. Attraverso il video su esperimenti umani storici, praticherai il shadowing, una tecnica efficace per rafforzare la comprensione auditiva e la fluidità nella lingua straniera. Analizzerai vocaboli specifici e frasi colloquiali, mentre ti confronti con un tono informativo e a volte emphatico.
Vocabolario e frasi chiave
- Vivisection: Dissezione di un animale o un essere umano vivo (utilizzato nel video per descrivere gli esperimenti di Herofilo).
- Anesthetics: Sostanze che inducono l'insonnia (nel contesto: "anesthetics weren't really a thing back then" = "gli anestetici non esistevano veramente all'epoca").
- High-yield: Alta resa (es. "high-yield thermonuclear bomb" = "bomba termonucleare ad alta resa").
- Ground zero: Punto di detonazione (nel video: "the Marshall Islands served as ground zero" = "le Isole Marshall furono il punto di detonazione").
- Breakthrough: Scoperta rivoluzionaria (es. "breakthrough discoveries of the human anatomy" = "scoperte rivoluzionarie sull'anatomia umana").
Consigli per il practice
Il video ha un tono colloquiale e una velocità media-alta, perfetto per esercitare il shadowing in inglese. Ecco come procedere: 1. Ascolta un frammento di 5-10 secondi e ripetilo immediatamente, imitando l'intonazione e la velocità. 2. Concentrati sulle connessioni tra le parole (es. "what does that do?" = "whatdoesthatdo" in pronuncia veloce). 3. Usa un shadowing site per registrare te stesso e confrontarti con l'originale: noterai differenze nella pronuncia di vocaboli come "vivisection" o "thermonuclear".
Ricorda: il shadow speech non è solo ripetere, ma imitare il flusso naturale del discorso. Ripeti gli esperimenti più complessi (come quelli su Project 4.1) finché non senti che la tua pronuncia è fluida. Con questo video, imparare l'inglese con i video diventa un modo efficace per combinare apprendimento linguistico e conoscenze storiche.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi condizionali if + frase, will/would + verbo — una condizione e il suo risultato | if this large heavy object will crush · if you are curious, I would encourage |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | be read · would be outlawed · was stored |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | anyone who thought · anyone who even · poisons, which were |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | I've been poisoned · have claimed · have received |
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.