Pratica di Shadowing: Mitosis: The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply! (Older Video 2016 ) - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Scegli una modalità di pratica
Ogni modalità apre una sala di pratica a schermo intero.
108 frasi
Se le frasi sono troppo corte o troppo lunghe, clicca su Edit per modificarle.
1
Have you ever looked down at your leg
2
or your arm to find some cut and you have no idea where it came from or how you got it?
3
So you put a bandage on it and a few days later it's gone.
4
It's all healed and you don't even think anything of it, of this amazing process that causes this to happen.
5
Or let's say you're looking at your nails and you notice they're a lot longer since the last time you cut them.
6
Or let's say you're looking in the mirror and you notice
7
that you are a lot bigger than you were when you were 5 years old.
8
What do all of these things have in common?
9
One major thing they have in common is mitosis.
10
Mitosis is a type of cell division done by most of your body cells and it's really important for cells to divide.
11
If they didn't divide, you wouldn't grow.
12
I mean, how do you grow if you can't make more cells, right?
13
So one reason why you're bigger than you were when you were 5 is mitosis.
14
Mitosis also is great for repair of damage.
15
If you have some kind of accident, like when we were talking about that cut on your arm or leg, well you want to make sure it gets repaired well.
16
So you have to make more cells to do that.
17
Mitosis is great for that.
18
Now, it's really important to understand what it is not.
19
Mitosis is not a process that makes sperm or egg cells because that's something different called meiosis.
20
Which sounds like mitosis, unfortunately, but it's a different process.
21
Mitosis is done to produce body cells.
22
Mitosis makes identical cells.
23
That is the goal.
24
Identical cells cells.
25
So if you're trying to make more skin cells to replace worn out or damaged skin cells, you don't want to start suddenly making stomach cells there.
26
That would be ridiculous.
27
You want to make sure you have identical cells replacing what was lost.
28
So mitosis makes identical cells.
29
It's a really important thing.
30
Now it's also important to understand that your cells are not dividing all the time.
31
If all they did was divide, it would just be rapid, crazy growth.
32
In fact, this is kind of what cancer is.
33
Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth.
34
We have a clip on the cell cycle and what the cell is usually doing most of its daily life, which is actually a phase called interphase,
35
where it's growing and replicating its DNA and carrying out its daily cell functions.
36
That's where cells spend most of their time in respect to the whole cell cycle cycle.
37
Mitosis is a very short amount of time in respect to the whole cell cycle.
38
But mitosis is a critical process because this is where it is going to divide and make more cells.
39
Before we get into the steps of division, it's really important to understand that your cells have something inside them, an organelle called the nucleus.
40
And the nucleus holds your DNA.
41
DNA is really important because it's your genetic information, and if you're going to make more cells,
42
you need to have the same DNA in those new cells as you did in your original cells.
43
You want it to be identical.
44
No mistakes.
45
Very important.
46
The problem is you've got a lot of DNA, and we've got to get that DNA into the new cells using mitosis.
47
So there has to be a better way to organize that DNA.
48
Well, what actually happens is that DNA can be organized into these condensed units called chromosomes.
49
Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein.
50
You've probably heard before that humans have 46 chromosomes.
51
That means 46 chromosomes are found in most human body cell nuclei.
52
What are nuclei?
53
Well, it's the plural of nucleus.
54
You don't say nucleuses, you say nuclei.
55
Well, in the nuclei there are 46 chromosomes.
56
Organizing DNA into condensed chromosomes makes it a lot easier to move over when you're making new cells.
57
So if you have 46 chromosomes in a human body cell, you have to duplicate those chromosomes in interphase before mitosis starts.
58
That basically means you are duplicating your DNA since chromosomes are made of DNA and protein.
59
You have to do this before mitosis starts because
60
if you're going to make an identical cell that has 46 chromosomes just like the original, it makes sense you have to duplicate the genetic material before splitting.
61
So if you look at our cell cycle video clip, we talk about interphase.
62
That's a stage where most of the time cells are spending their time.
63
They're actually duplicating their DNA during that time.
64
So ready for the tricky part?
65
Well, because we tend to count chromosomes by the number of centromeres present,
66
when the 46 chromosomes duplicate - we still say there are 46 chromosomes,
67
as the sister chromatids are still attached, and we're counting bicentromeres.
68
So 46 chromosomes here, they replicate in interphase, and you still have 46 chromosomes in this picture,
69
but you went from 46 to 92 chromatids.
70
We have a video explaining that in more depth and how that factors in for mitosis.
71
Okay, so now we can get right into mitosis.
72
I like to tell students to remember PMAT.
73
It's a little acronym that helps you remember.
74
The P is for prophase, the M is for metaphase, the A is for anaphase, and the T is for telophase.
75
So remember PMAT.
76
The stage is in order.
77
The very first step is prophase.
78
Prophase, because it's the beginning step, the nucleus is still there.
79
And it's going to go away later on, but this is a stage where it's actually still there.
80
The chromosomes are visible.
81
In fact, we say they're condensing, which means they are thickening and visible.
82
The next stage is metaphase.
83
M for metaphase, but I also like to remember M for middle because in this stage, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
84
The nucleus has been disassembled it's no longer there, so we've got the chromosomes in the middle waiting there.
85
Next, the A is for anaphase.
86
In anaphase, I like to think as the A for away.
87
The chromosomes move away.
88
They are moving to opposite sides of the cell, so they are moving towards the poles of the cell.
89
Now, one thing to point out, these chromosomes, they're not moving by themselves.
90
They actually have something called spindles.
91
These spindles are fibers that help move the chromosomes to the ends.
92
Kind of helps them move along.
93
The last stage of mitosis, think T for telophase.
94
In telophase, the chromosomes are actually at the complete opposite ends
95
and new nuclei are forming on each side to make these two new cells.
96
The nuclei are starting to surround the chromosomes on both sides.
97
I like to think of the T4 too
98
because you can really see in this step
99
that the end goal is going to be two cells and in the human body they're each going to have 46 chromosomes.
100
And again, remember, they are identical.
101
Now cytokinesis is responsible for the final separation into two cells by splitting the cytoplasm,
102
which completes after the PMAT mitosis stages.
103
So why did all this matter?
104
Without understanding cell division, we wouldn't understand how growth and repair happens, because they both require more cells to be made.
105
Understanding mitosis is also very important for cancer research.
106
Cancer itself is uncontrolled cell growth.
107
So in other words, uncontrolled mitosis.
108
Well, that's it for the Amoeba Sisters, and we remind you to stay curious.
Scarica l'app
Tutto ciò che serve per parlare fluentemente
Pronuncia con IAVoto per ogni frase
Pratica IPAPadroneggia ogni suono
VocabolarioCostruisci il tuo lessico
Gioco di vocabolarioImpara giocando
Stesso Canale
B21
Stroll Through the Playlist (a Biology Review)
Daily ConversationHigh School Students
C12
Endocrine System
Daily ConversationHigh School Students
C1Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Side by Side Comparison
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B2Circulatory System and Pathway of Blood Through the Heart
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
FOR YOU
Video consigliato
C157
80 frasi
What Are You?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
41 frasi
The different types of mutations | Biomolecules | MCAT | Khan Academy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
28 frasi
What is Nuclear Medicine | Dr. Paulien Moyaert
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
34 frasi
Stem Cells
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
153 frasi
Revolutions in Science and Tech: Crash Course European History #44
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C129
11 frasi
The Worm with 4 Nobel Prizes
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
26 frasi
How do vaccines work?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
110 frasi
World’s Most Advanced Artificial Egg Hatches Chicks
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
156 frasi
The banana is under threat
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
31 frasi
SUMMARIZE SPOKEN TEXT - DNA & RNA
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
66 frasi
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 11 BIOLOGY The fountain of youth
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1301 frasi
Introduction to Hematology
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “Mitosis: The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply!”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: cell, chromosomes, mitosis, Dna, identical. Questo video contiene 108 frasi e 1262 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 8:01. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 157 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 85% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| chromosome sostantivo | /ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/ | cromosoma |
| mitosis sostantivo | /maɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ | mitosi |
| nucleus sostantivo | /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ | nucleo |
| duplicate verbo | /ˈd(j)uː.plɪˌkeɪt/ | duplicare |
| interphase sostantivo | interfase | |
| anaphase sostantivo | /ˈænəˌfeɪz/ | anafase |
| condense verbo | /kənˈdɛns/ | condensare |
| metaphase sostantivo | metafase | |
| prophase sostantivo | profase | |
| telophase sostantivo | telofase | |
| uncontrolled aggettivo | sfrenato, incontrollato | |
| organize verbo | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | organizzare |
| spindle sostantivo | /ˈspɪndəl/ | fuso |
| replicate verbo | /ˈɹɛplɪkeɪt/ | replicare |
| acronym sostantivo | /ˈækɹənɪm/ | sigla, acronimo |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbo | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | compiere, realizzare |
| go away verbo | partire, andarsene | |
| point out verbo | additare | |
| wear out verbo | fare fuori, consumare |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- If they didn't divide, you wouldn't grow.
- You don't say nucleuses, you say nuclei.
- It's a little acronym that helps you remember.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Frasi condizionali if + frase, will/would + verbo — una condizione e il suo risultato | If they didn't divide, you wouldn't grow |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | was lost · is uncontrolled · can be organized |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | Have you ever looked · You've probably heard · has been disassembled |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | life, which is · condensing, which means |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 24 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, they're, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: cytokinesis /ˌsaɪtoʊkɪˈniːsɪs/, cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/, disassemble /dɪs.əˈsɛm.bəl/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: mitosis /maɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/, nucleus /ˈnuː.kli.əs/, duplicate /ˈd(j)uː.plɪˌkeɪt/, anaphase /ˈænəˌfeɪz/, condense /kənˈdɛns/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: anaphase /ˈænəˌfeɪz/, acronym /ˈækɹənɪm/, bandage /ˈbæn.dɪd͡ʒ/, cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come chromosome, mitosis, nucleus.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.