Pratica di Shadowing: So... What Was the Point of Artemis II? - Impara a parlare inglese con YouTube
C2
Hi, welcome to another episode of ColdFusion.
348 frasi
Se le frasi sono troppo corte o troppo lunghe, clicca su Edit per modificarle.
1
Hi, welcome to another episode of ColdFusion.
2
This stunning picture of Earth was taken with a clarity that we've never seen before.
3
You can make out the aurora and even our atmosphere.
4
These photos were of course snapped by the crew of the Artemis 2 mission,
5
which recently returned to Earth after looping around the Moon.
6
This is another photo taken from the far side of the Moon,
7
about 400,000 kilometres or 250,000 miles away.
8
It is the furthest humans have ever travelled from Earth.
9
Most people just don't realise how far that is.
10
To put this distance into perspective,
11
this is the International Space Station.
12
It travels around the Earth in low orbit about 400 kilometres or 250 miles above Earth.
13
And this is how far the Moon is in comparison.
14
The International Space Station flies in low Earth orbit,
15
and the last time humans left low Earth orbit was all the way back in 1972.
16
That's all well and good,
17
But what was the point of the Artemis 2 mission?
18
Well, it wasn't just a dangerous sightseeing tour.
19
It's actually part of a long-term vision for the future of spaceflight.
20
The plan is to have regular moon landings every six months by 2028,
21
and eventually build a permanent base on the moon and Mars beyond that.
22
Funnily enough, Toyota has a part to play here,
23
and you'll love the name of their lunar rover.
24
So yes, these are all very lofty goals for sure,
25
but Artemis 2 was a crucial step to get there.
26
And in doing so, the mission carried a huge risk.
27
The four astronauts were travelling on a spacecraft that had never carried humans before.
28
Even during its test flight,
29
there was unexpected damage to the heat shield and the design was never fixed.
30
And the Inspector General actually says,
31
in our judgement, the unexpected behaviour of the heat shield poses a significant risk to the safety of future crewed missions.
32
Regardless, NASA and the crew still managed to carry out a grand human achievement by any measure.
33
In this episode, we'll see what the point of Artemis II was,
34
the mission's objectives, what's in store for the future,
35
and we'll also take a look at the messy way that this mission came to be.
36
Because rather than a well-thought-out mission to explore the stars,
37
it was more of a mission that was shoehorned into existence to create jobs at the behest of US Congress.
38
Despite its hurdles, I'm glad this mission existed.
39
As much as is going on in the world today,
40
missions like Artemis II are one of those rare moments
41
that get us to stop for a second
42
and collectively appreciate the core ingenuity of humanity and have a fresh appreciation of the planet we all live on.
43
Because regardless of how messy the road was to get here,
44
what this crew pulled off was extraordinary.
45
You are watching cold fusion TV.
46
Artemis II is the second out of four missions that NASA had planned.
47
Artemis I, the first mission,
48
was an unmanned version of the rocket and crew capsule.
49
Launched in 2022, its purpose was to test the systems before putting humans out into space.
50
We covered that story here.
51
And it's a good thing that they did test it first
52
because there was a problem with the heat shield on the crew capsule.
53
The very heat shield that protected the crew as they returned to Earth.
54
It suffered more damage than expected.
55
When Artemis 1 splashed down,
56
the mission was hailed as a great success.
57
But in reality, there were problems with the capsule.
58
During the 2022 Artemis I uncrewed test flight,
59
Orion's heat shield chipped and cracked when it re-entered the atmosphere.
60
So of course, NASA would fix it before putting humans on it, right?
61
Well, no. They left the design as is and sent the crew up anyway.
62
We'll come back to what happened here later.
63
Artemis II is made of two separate vehicles,
64
the SLS booster, which is the most powerful human-rated rocket ever made,
65
and the Orion spacecraft.
66
Each side booster is about the height of a 17-story building,
67
so yeah, they're pretty big.
68
No matter how many space launches you have seen,
69
you've never seen one like this because the space launch system is a vessel unto itself.
70
This is a beast.
71
Taller than the Statue of Liberty from the base to the tip of the torch,
72
well over 300 feet.
73
It weighs around six million pounds,
74
but that's okay because it can produce about eight million pounds of thrust.
75
So where are the astronauts in all of this?
76
They're up here.
77
That's where you'll find the Orion crew module.
78
One more thing, you'll see that upside down ice cream cone up there.
79
That is a escape module in a sense,
80
a way for the crew to get out.
81
Even when this rocket is going thousands of miles an hour,
82
it could bring them safely back down to earth.
83
Of course, everybody hopes that this doesn't get used,
84
that everything falls off as it should properly.
85
The names of the astronauts are Reid Wiseman,
86
Victor Glover, Christina Cook and Jeremy Hansen.
87
The crew didn't land on the moon,
88
but instead flew around it.
89
We'll talk about the mission objectives in a little bit.
90
But this trajectory made it the furthest humans have ever been from Earth,
91
beating the record set by the emergency swing around the moon carried out by the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission
92
that I previously covered.
93
The crew spent about 10 days in space in total.
94
The time to travel to the moon was about six days at a speed of 40,000 kilometers an hour.
95
When they reached the far side of the moon they spent six hours observing the lunar surface
96
and that includes parts of the far side that has has never been seen by humans in person before.
97
A touching moment occurred during those six hours when Commander Reed Wiseman requested
98
that a feature on the far side of the moon be named Carol after his late wife,
99
who he sadly lost in 2020.
100
I feel this is a good time to send this down.
101
And especially meaningful for this crew is a number of years ago,
102
we started this journey in our close-knit astronaut family,
103
and we lost a loved one.
104
And there's a feature in a really neat place on the moon,
105
and it is on the near side, far side boundary.
106
In fact, it's just on the near side of that boundary.
107
And so at certain times of the moon's transit around Earth,
108
you can, we will be able to see this from Earth.
109
And so we lost a loved one.
110
Her name was Carol.
111
The spouse of Reed, the mother of Katie and Ellie.
112
And we would like to call her Carol.
113
As the crew looped around the moon,
114
they used its gravity to pull them back towards Earth.
115
And once this was done,
116
the gravity from Earth could take over.
117
The re-entry was no normal return though.
118
Because they'd travelled so far,
119
the return velocity was immense,
120
way more than a normal space mission.
121
They entered the atmosphere at Mark 32,
122
which is 32 times the speed of sound,
123
40,000 kilometres an hour, or 11 kilometres per second.
124
The crew had travelled so rapidly that over the 10 days,
125
everyone on Earth had aged 10 to 50 microseconds more than the astronauts in the time they were away,
126
and that's due to time dilation.
127
As the Orion spacecraft entered the atmosphere,
128
the air molecules hitting the surface of the spacecraft became
129
so compressed with so much friction
130
that it formed a bubble of hot plasma reaching about 2,800 degrees Celsius for minutes at a time.
131
To give you an idea,
132
just take a look at how intense atmospheric re-entry looks like.
133
This footage is from a Soyuz re-entry,
134
and they're traveling about 50% slower than the Artemis mission.
135
After breaching the atmosphere, the crew parachuted back to Earth and touched down on the Pacific Ocean.
136
And with that, the journey of 1.1 million kilometres,
137
or 700,000 miles, was over.
138
Houston, Tagerty, Splashdown, sending post-landing command now.
139
Splashdown confirmed.
140
The crew of Artemis II safely home after travelling further from it than anyone who's ever lived.
141
Though they'd tested, trained and planned for each step of the mission,
142
this day was the most dangerous.
143
Re-entry of a new spacecraft with a heat shield
144
that nearly failed in a previous test flight and had never carried humans before.
145
Okay, so what was the actual point of the mission?
146
Well, it wasn't just a risky sightseeing tour.
147
There was actual work and experiments to be done.
148
But before that, let's hear a word from today's sponsor, Raycon.
149
With Mother's Day coming up,
150
I've been thinking about gifts to give my mum that are actually useful day to day.
151
And one that stood out to me is Raycon's Bone Conduction Headphones.
152
They're designed a bit differently from regular headphones.
153
Instead of sitting in your ears,
154
they just rest on the outside and use bone conduction to transmit sound,
155
which means you can listen to music or podcasts while still hearing everything around you.
156
And that's what I like most about them.
157
Whether I'm out for a walk,
158
running errands, or just going about my day,
159
I can stay aware of what's happening,
160
traffic, people, everything, without completely tuning out.
161
They're built for that kind of everyday use too.
162
You get around 13 hours of battery life,
163
they're waterproof and dustproof, and because there's no in-ear fit,
164
they're comfortable to wear for long periods without really noticing them.
165
I've been using them pretty regularly,
166
and they've just become one of those things that easily fits into my routine.
167
Raycon is known for delivering solid audio quality without the premium price tag,
168
and with over 3 million customers and a 30-day happiness guarantee,
169
there's a reason they've built that reputation.
170
So if you're looking for something practical this Mother's Day,
171
or even just something for yourself,
172
this is a good option.
173
Go to buyraycon.com slash coldfusionbc to get 15% off bone conduction headphones.
174
That's buyraycon.com slash coldfusionbc.
175
The link is in the description.
176
Thanks to Raycon for supporting cold fusion.
177
Now, back to the story.
178
Let's take a look at those mission objectives.
179
There were a few objectives for this specific mission,
180
but the main ones were as follows.
181
Number one, study the moon's surface and photograph its features.
182
The crew even had training from geologists to know what to look for.
183
Number two, test the human body in space.
184
The testing included the effects of zero gravity and radiation on a mission so remote.
185
Comparing information gathered from astronauts before,
186
during and after space flight provides a window into what happens to the human body in space.
187
But Artemis II will be the first to provide these measurements in deep space.
188
In order to do the biological testing,
189
there were small human cell chips with integrated circuits to mimic tissue function.
190
For the experiment, they used the astronauts' bone marrow.
191
They'll compare the effect of cosmic radiation on these cells versus a control.
192
Lots of experiments conducted.
193
One of them is really fascinating,
194
and it includes computer chips that contain the astronauts' bone marrow.
195
And there is hope
196
that evidence collected from this particular experiment could reshape the practice of medicine here on Earth
197
and tell us more about what it would be like to live for a long period of time in deep space.
198
The astronauts also tested a new kind of lithium-ion battery and also a radiation shelter,
199
which is used in cases of emergency like a solar flare.
200
And number three, testing maneuverability.
201
While near Earth, crew member,
202
Victor Glover, carried out a simulated docking maneuver to see how well the craft performed for future missions.
203
We're going to see what the plan is for future missions near the end of the episode,
204
but for now, let's come back to that damaged heat shield.
205
CBA reports what happened during the testing phase.
206
Quote, During the Artemis I mission in 2022,
207
the first test flight of the Orion capsule had no humans on board.
208
Engineers were shocked to see large cracks
209
and chunks missing from the protective heat shield that lines the bottom of the capsule, end quote.
210
Basically, the heat shield is actually designed to burn away slightly to take away some of that thermal energy.
211
NASA used the same material during the Apollo missions,
212
so they opted to use it again.
213
But on testing the Artemis I,
214
it was coming in so fast that the heat shield sustained unexpected damage.
215
There were unpredicted cracks and way too much of the surface was missing.
216
In fact, entire chunks were gone.
217
Over 100 locations were affected.
218
The material's ablative, so it sort of burns away slowly and you expect that,
219
but you didn't expect chunks of it to fall away.
220
There was a subsequent investigation to find out what happened.
221
The suspected cause was from hot gas bubbles being trapped in the heat shield material.
222
The pressure from the bubbles eventually damaged the heat shield.
223
Remember, these guys are travelling at 11km per second,
224
facing temperatures of almost 3000 degrees Celsius,
225
or half the surface temperature of the sun.
226
So why were the bubbles forming?
227
It was later discovered
228
that it may have been caused from the way NASA decided to enter the atmosphere during the Artemis 1 test flight.
229
The plan was to enter the atmosphere twice,
230
once just skimming it to slow the craft down,
231
and the second at a steeper angle to actually enter and land.
232
The bubbles formed through the skimming stage,
233
then heated and exploded during the final re-entry.
234
For Artemis II, NASA decided to go with a single re-entry approach.
235
After intense testing, including breaking off even more of the heat shield to see what happened,
236
they were convinced that the heat shield would perform as designed with the new approach.
237
Some former NASA personnel say the trajectory changes may not be enough,
238
while other engineers and NASA leaders say the analysis,
239
testing, and adjustments do mitigate the risk.
240
NASA also decided that since there was a new shield coming for the Artemis 3 mission,
241
the delays and extra cost wouldn't be worth it in the long term.
242
And Artemis 2 will use the same heat shield design as Artemis 1.
243
So as the Orion crew was barreling towards Earth,
244
there was a slight air of worry among some of the public that was paying attention.
245
Some former astronauts have concerns over safety for this mission.
246
Fortunately, all did go well in the end,
247
so a sigh of relief could be felt.
248
Looking at it from a historical stance,
249
Artemis 2 is significant, although it manages to be despite its beginnings and not because of them.
250
The SLS rocket, the one that launched Artemis 2,
251
is officially called the Space Launch System,
252
but some people jokingly call it the Senate Launch System.
253
And that's because it wasn't built to meet NASA's needs,
254
but it was built to meet Congress's needs.
255
Frankly, a big part of the motivation was because it would make a good jobs program.
256
The publication, The Conversation, has a great piece written by space historian Emily A.
257
Margolis.
258
Basically, the story goes like this.
259
In 2004, President George W.
260
Bush pitched a new vision for space exploration centred around a spacecraft called the Crew Exploration Vehicle.
261
It's to develop and test a new spacecraft, the Crew Exploration Vehicle.
262
He wanted to see it fly by 2008,
263
human missions by 2014, and astronauts on the moon by 2020.
264
By 2008, and to conduct the first manned mission no later than 2014.
265
George Bush's vision would become the Constellation program.
266
But in 2008, the economy imploded.
267
I detailed exactly why in this episode.
268
But the fact of the matter was that there was no money for NASA.
269
It's time to save what we can,
270
spend what we must, and live within our means once again.
271
For NASA, that means scrapping a $100 billion program proposed by the previous administration of President George W.
272
Bush.
273
Especially since the first prototype rocket of the Constellation program,
274
called Ares-1, was already $3.1 billion over budget.
275
The program was axed, but Congress wasn't happy about that.
276
As it turns out, NASA provides work for aerospace contractors,
277
which preserve jobs in numerous congressional districts.
278
There was a vested interest in increasing NASA's budget,
279
so Congress demanded that NASA find something that could be shoehorned into a shuttle.
280
Now building a space shuttle because you want to create jobs is fine,
281
but that meant that the incentives weren't in the right place from a mission point of view.
282
And because of that, Congress's rocket was vague.
283
It didn't matter what it did,
284
it just needed to be able to carry stuff into space.
285
There was no clear reasoning for it.
286
There wasn't even any specifications of what had to be built.
287
The result was the SLS.
288
In 2017, NASA was directed by the government to do a moon landing,
289
but they couldn't build a moon lander with just 0.47% of the federal budget.
290
So, they had to sift through what they already had.
291
The Orion capsule was chosen,
292
even though it was built back in 2012.
293
Now, Orion couldn't land on the moon,
294
but it could fly around it,
295
so that was good enough.
296
So there you go.
297
Both the SLS and Orion capsule were picked without a clear goal.
298
Their missions ended up being retroactively figured out based on what they could do.
299
And to add to all of this,
300
there's some concerns about NASA's ambitious goals and internal operations.
301
Susan Helms of the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel has said
302
that NASA is stacking too many simultaneous innovations on top of each other.
303
She called Artemis 3 high risk.
304
The recommendation was for NASA to re-evaluate its mission objectives for the future.
305
Speaking of which, let's see what could be in store for future missions.
306
So now, with Artemis 2 done, what's next?
307
Artemis 3 in 2027 is planned as a low-Earth orbit docking test rather than landing on the Moon itself.
308
It will test docking with a commercial lunar lander,
309
currently being developed by either SpaceX or Blue Origin.
310
Both firms are currently battling to see which company wins the contract.
311
Then, in 2028 with Artemis IV,
312
NASA plans to finally land on the moon again,
313
kicking off regular moon landings every 6 to 12 months.
314
Now that sounds wild, but NASA had a similar frequency of moon landings in the late 60s and early 70s era.
315
Later in 2028 for Artemis V,
316
the early stages of building a permanent moon base will begin.
317
Beyond this, NASA plans to develop lunar infrastructure,
318
including Lunar communications satellites, rovers like the lunar terrain vehicle,
319
the Viper, which will explore for resources,
320
and a Japanese rover built by Toyota and the Japanese Aerospace Space Exploration,
321
which will be used for missions up to 45 days.
322
The name of the rover is unironically called the Toyota Lunar Cruiser.
323
I just love that.
324
Other goals include solar and nuclear power.
325
So I have to be honest,
326
the goals are so lofty that this is one of those I'll see it when I believe it situations.
327
But the new head of NASA,
328
Jared Isaacman, has shaken things up at the government organisation,
329
so we'll have to watch this space to see if the historic organisation can turn a corner.
330
So in conclusion, although Artemis II was just a stepping stone into a space exploration future,
331
it was still very cool to witness,
332
especially for a mission created out of cancelled space projects.
333
So there you go, that is the whole story of the Artemis II mission,
334
and even though it was messy, it still is inspiring.
335
with wars, rogue tech overlords,
336
economic issues and social division running rampant,
337
missions like Artemis 2 is something to be encouraged by.
338
We humans are still capable of a lot when we put our minds to something positive.
339
Even if you don't care about that,
340
we now have some of the most beautiful imagery ever seen for our history books.
341
And you can't be mad at that.
342
Anyway, that's about it from me.
343
Thanks for watching.
344
My name is Dagogo and you've been watching ColdFusion and I'll catch you again soon for the next episode.
345
Cheers guys.
346
Have a good one.
347
Cold fusion.
348
It's new thinking.
Scarica l'app
Valutazione AI per ogni frase che pronunci
TRENDING
Popolari
Contesto e Sfondo
Nel video tratto dall'episodio di ColdFusion, il relatore discute la missione Artemis II, evidenziando non solo le straordinarie conquiste umane nell'ambito della esplorazione spaziale, ma anche il significato di tali missioni per il futuro dell'umanità. Con immagini mozzafiato della Terra e della Luna, il relatore ci guida attraverso la rilevanza storica e scientifica di Artemis II, ponendo enfasi sui rischi e le aspirazioni legate a questa entusiasmante avventura spaziale. Questo contesto offre un'opportunità unica per chi desidera migliorare la pronuncia inglese tramite il metodo del shadowing.
Le 5 Frasi Chiave per la Comunicazione Quotidiana
- "What was the point of the Artemis 2 mission?" - Che senso ha avuto la missione Artemis II?
- "It's actually part of a long-term vision for the future of spaceflight." - Fa parte di una visione a lungo termine per il futuro dei voli spaziali.
- "The last time humans left low Earth orbit was all the way back in 1972." - L'ultima volta che gli esseri umani hanno lasciato l'orbita terrestre bassa risale al 1972.
- "What this crew pulled off was extraordinary." - Quello che questa squadra ha realizzato è stato straordinario.
- "Missions like Artemis II help us appreciate the core ingenuity of humanity." - Missioni come Artemis II ci aiutano ad apprezzare l'ingegnosità fondamentale dell'umanità.
Guida Passo-Passo per il Shadowing
Per affrontare le difficoltà di questo video e migliorare la tua pronuncia inglese, segui questi passaggi:
- Ascolta attentamente: Guarda il video una volta senza interromperlo, prestando attenzione all'intonazione e al ritmo del relatore.
- Identifica frasi chiave: Concentrati sulle frasi chiave elencate sopra. Ripetile più volte ad alta voce per familiarizzare con la pronuncia e l'accento.
- Fai shadow speech: Usa la tecnica del shadowspeak: ascolta una breve clip e ripetila immediatamente. Questo aiuta a sincronizzare il tuo parlato con quello dell’oratore.
- Pratica con pause: Metti in pausa il video dopo ogni frase e prova a ripeterla. Questo approccio ti permette di assimilare meglio la struttura della frase.
- Registrati: Registrati mentre pratichi le frasi. Successivamente, confronta la tua registrazione con l’audio originale per identificare aree su cui lavorare.
Utilizzando queste tecniche di shadowing su questo shadowing site, potrai migliorare la tua pronuncia e acquisire maggiore fluidità nell'inglese parlato. Ricorda che la pratica costante è la chiave per il successo!
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.
☕ Offrici un caffè
ShadowingEnglish rimane gratuito al 100% grazie al tuo supporto. I costi del server e IA sono elevati — il tuo caffè ci aiuta ad andare avanti! 🙏