シャドーイング練習: 24. Passive Voice | Basic English Grammar for Kids | Grammar Tips - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Passive Voice Who owns this horse?
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Passive Voice Who owns this horse?
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This horse is owned by Mrs. Johnson.
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When was this house built?
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It was built in 1977.
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I got an MP3 player yesterday.
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Was it given by your dad?
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The baby was born only a month ago.
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He is so lovely.
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Grammar Tips Tips for Passive Voice Passive voice is used when we focus on the action
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or a statement is passive if it's more polite than the active voice.
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Here are the forms.
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First, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
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The form of the verb is changed,
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and past participle comes after the changed be verb.
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The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence and is put after the word by.
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The object of the passive sentence can be dropped when the subject isn't specific.
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Examples Let's look at some examples.
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First we have active voice.
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He writes a letter.
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Passive voice.
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A letter is written by him.
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You can see the object letter in active voice.
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becomes the subject in passive voice.
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The verb writes is changed to written,
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and there's the be verb is in front of it.
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The subject he is the object after the word by.
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Active voice.
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Someone stole my bike.
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Passive voice My bike was stolen.
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Here, the subject someone is dropped because it is not specific.
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Active voice He made the doghouse.
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Passive voice The doghouse was made by him.
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Active voice Mr. Johnson takes care of the girl.
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Passive voice The girl is taken care of by Mr. Johnson.
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Active voice Sandy discovered the cave.
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Passive voice The cave was discovered by Sandy.
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Active voice She is singing the song.
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Passive voice The song is being sung by her.
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Active voice I will give this pencil to you tomorrow.
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Passive voice This pencil will be given to you by me tomorrow.
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Active voice Jack will build a house.
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Passive voice A house will be built by Jack.
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Right and Wrong Now go to the Right and Wrong section.
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The first one says, active voice, I buy a book.
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Passive voice, a book am bought by me.
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This is wrong.
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A book is a thing goes with the be verb is, not am.
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The correct sentence is, a book is bought by me.
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The next one says Active voice He sells tickets Passive voice Tickets are sold on him
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This is wrong The word buy is put before the new object The correct passive voice is
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Tickets are sold by him Grammar Tips
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Tips for question form and negative form of passive voice The question form is B-verb plus subject plus past participle.
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The negative form is Subject plus B-verb plus not plus past participle.
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Examples Here are some examples.
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Active voice.
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He reads a book.
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Passive voice.
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A book is read by him.
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Question form.
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Is a book read by him?
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In the question, we have the be verb is,
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the subject, a book, and the participle, read.
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The next one.
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Active voice.
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She sells books.
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Passive voice.
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Books are sold by her.
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Question form Are books sold by her?
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Active voice They won the game.
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Passive voice The game was won by them.
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Question form Was the game won by them?
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Active voice He reads a book.
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Passive voice A book is read by him.
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Negative form A book isn't read by him.
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Here, the subject a book is first,
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be verb is, plus not,
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and the past participle read.
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Active voice.
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He sells books.
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Passive voice.
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Books are sold by him.
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Negative form.
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Books aren't sold by him.
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Quiz Circle the right word.
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The book was writing, written by Michael.
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Was shows the past participle with by.
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So we use the word written.
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The book was written by Michael.
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The game was Postpone Postponed Due to rain Again,
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we have past participle So you choose Postponed The game was Postponed Due to rain
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A baseball team is chosen by the coach.
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Now we have past participle.
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You pick chosen.
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A baseball team is chosen by the coach.
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Quiz Circle the correct sentence.
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A. We won the game.
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B. We were won the game.
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Were does not go with past verbs.
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And we have active voice.
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The correct sentence is A.
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We won the game.
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A. They were not welcomed by people.
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B. They were not welcomed on people.
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Here we have passive voice.
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We use by before the new object.
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The correct sentence is A.
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They were not welcomed by people.
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A. The dinner did prepared by my mom.
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B. The dinner was prepared by my mom.
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Here we need a B verb.
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So we use was.
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The answer is B.
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The dinner was prepared by my mom.
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A. Are you loved by your neighbors?
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B. Do you loved by your neighbors?
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Here we need a B verb.
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R is the B verb.
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So the answer is A.
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Are you loved by your neighbors?
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Find the mistake and correct it.
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The movie directed by Mrs. Carter last year.
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This is passive voice.
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We need the be verb, was.
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The correct answer is, The movie was directed by Mrs. Carter last year.
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The bears were carrying into the zoo.
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We need the past verb carried, not carrying.
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The correct sentence is, The bears were carried into the zoo.
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This car is makes in Korea.
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We need the past verb made.
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The correct sentence is This car is made in Korea.
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The baseball was hit by Steve.
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For passive voice, we need past participle.
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Hitted is not the past participle of hit.
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The past participle of hit is hit.
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So the correct sentence is,
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The baseball was hit by Steve.
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This work will do finished in an hour.
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Here, do is wrong.
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We need to use be.
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So the correct answer is,
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This work will be finished in an hour.
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A car accident was happening in the street
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Here we need to change was happening to past participle Happened A car accident happened in the street
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Make a sentence using the words.
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The first one says, Green Lake Town called Tom's Town is.
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You write, Tom's Town is called Green Lake Town.
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The was town hall built 100 years ago.
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The town hall was built 100 years ago.
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Founded the was 50 years ago school.
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The school was founded 50 years ago.
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The kind of new library is The library is kind of new.
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Was it last year opened?
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It was opened last year.
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In the country, the best city,
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last year, Tom's town, was chosen.
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You write, Tom's town was chosen the best city in the country last year.
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Thank you.
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なぜこのビデオで会話の練習をするべきか？
このビデオでは「受動態」の基本文法を楽しく学ぶことができます。受動態は、アクティブな声と異なり、行動がどのように行われたかに焦点を当てます。これは、英語での表現を豊かにし、特に丁寧さが求められる場面で非常に役立ちます。このビデオを活用して、自然な会話を模倣することで、英語シャドーイングのスキルを磨くことができます。また、定期的な練習で、英語の発音を良くするための基礎を築くことができます。
文法と文脈での表現
以下は、このビデオで使用される重要な構文の分析です。
- 受動態の形: 例えば「This horse is owned by Mrs. Johnson」では、アクティブな文の目的語が受動態の主語となっています。これにより、文の焦点が行動そのものに移ります。
- 過去分詞形の使用: 「was built」という形で過去分詞が用いられ、時間に関する情報を明確にします。この構造は、英語の基本的な構文として覚えておくと便利です。
- 主語の省略: 受動態では、主語が不特定な場合、例えば「My bike was stolen」のように、主語が省略されることがあります。これにより、受動的な文がさらに多くの場面で適用可能になります。
これらの構造を理解し、shadowspeakを使って練習することで、より自信を持って英語を話せるようになるでしょう。
一般的な発音の罠
このビデオではいくつかのトリッキーな単語や発音に注意を払う必要があります。例えば、「built」や「owned」といった単語は、子供たちにとって難しいかもしれません。また、「was stolen」の「was」は短く発音されがちですので、流暢に発音するためには何度も繰り返して練習することが重要です。これにより、shadow speakの練習が効果的になり、英語の本来のリズムに慣れることができます。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。