シャドーイング練習: A, AN, THE - Articles in English - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Hello, and welcome to the next video.
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Today, I'm going to teach you about a very difficult, confusing, fun, maybe, grammar point.
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It's called articles.
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Oh, really?
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Yeah.
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Articles are confusing.
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There are many, many rules in English about articles.
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I do not have the time the energy to teach you all of them
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but I'll do my best okay
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and what are articles first of all articles are a
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and and the articles come before a noun a A noun is a person,
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a place, or a thing.
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So, I'm going to generalize here and say that before most nouns in English, you have to use an article.
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Of course, there are millions of exceptions to what I've just said.
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Sometimes we do not use an article with a noun.
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That's a whole other lesson, a whole other time warp for your brain.
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We're going to stick to these ones.
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When to use a, an, and the before a noun in a proper English sentence.
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We use these when we speak, when we write, and they're very important in grammar.
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So there's no way to avoid these.
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I'll help you.
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Don't worry.
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The first one is an.
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An's easy.
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It's the easiest.
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We'll do this one first.
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An is a singular noun.
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is used in a singular noun, it's an article and we use it before the noun that starts with a vowel.
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Now, the pronunciation of this word sounds like vowel.
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The vowels in English, we have five vowels in English.
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They are a e me, I,
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O, and you.
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Now, everyone who speaks Spanish,
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Portuguese, Italian, any of our Latin American friends or Latin language speakers, you're going to mix up these two vowels, E and I.
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Let me teach you one thing that will help you.
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If you can remember that you have to dot your I, you're going to get the pronunciation of this word.
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So this word, or this letter, sorry, when you write this letter, you always have to put a pink, a dot, in the middle of a word.
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So you're going to remember that this I, you can make a nice little I here to help you. So I.
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When you write this word by itself, you have to use a capital.
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So this would only be in the middle of a word, but the pronunciation is the same, I.
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So, if you have a vowel, A -E -I -O -U,
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that begins the noun, you have to use an. For example, I.
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Yay!
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We have to say an I, Because the word I begins with a vowel.
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If the word begins with this word, with this letter I, for example, ice cream!
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Yay!
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We have to say, I'd like an ice cream.
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Do you like ice cream?
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Or, if the word begins with a vowel sound.
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What is a vowel sound, Ronnie?
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A vowel sound is usually always the letter H.
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For example the word
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Hour we do not even say the H word it sounds like we're saying hour
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So because this word hour sounds like a vowel because the H is silent.
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We have to say an hour Okay, you got it you're with me an hour so
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an We used before a vowel or before a vowel sound usually a noun that begins with an H
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The next one is A.
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The very first letter of our alphabet.
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A is a vowel.
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Don't let that confuse you.
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A we use for, again, a singular noun.
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All of these are going to be used with singular nouns.
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If the noun is plural, if the noun has an S, do not use an article.
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So, a, we use for a singular noun in a general form.
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You can think of this easier as replacing it with the word any.
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So, if you go to a coffee shop and they have five muffins and they're all the same muffin,
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you're going to say to the person that works at the coffee shop, Hello, I'd like a muffin.
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You do not get to choose or pick what muffin you get.
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You can choose the flavor, but you cannot specifically choose which muffin you would like.
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It's the same as saying any.
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It's like saying, I'd like any muffin.
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Just give me a muffin.
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I want a muffin.
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I'd like anything.
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Just give me something.
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Okay?
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It's used for when you don't care which one it is.
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You just want one of something.
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A. If my nose was stuffy and I had to blow my nose, I would ask someone, do you have a Kleenex?
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I don't have to go through the box of Kleenexes.
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No, I don't want that one.
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Yes, this, no, you're just going to get a Kleenex and you're going to blow your nose, okay?
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So, a and an, the only difference is an you use before a vowel.
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As an example, you can say, I'd like a cookie.
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I was gonna write coffee.
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Maybe I want a coffee right now, but I would definitely rather have a cookie.
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I don't care which cookie you give me.
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Just give me a cookie.
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I'm a cookie monster.
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Okay, so I'd like a cookie.
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I'd like any cookie.
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The next is the.
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The next is the.
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The is opposite to a.
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The means something very, very, very specific.
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General and specific are opposites.
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This means you actually choose which one you are going to get.
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Think about this when you go shopping.
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You do not walk into a store and go, hi, could I have a shirt?
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I don't care what it looks like I don't care how
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much it is just give me a shirt this never happens ladies
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when you go shopping for shoes you just don't go into the shoe store
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and say just a pair of shoes please just a pair
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of shoes don't care size 8 fine anything no we want
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to go through all of the shoes we want to try them all on we want to get a handbag
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and match them with our shoes and choose the shoes of our dreams
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so you're gonna not say a pair of shoes you're gonna
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say the shoes another very confusing thing about
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the is the second time you talk about the same noun in a phrase.
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You have to put the second noun with the.
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For example, this is a little more difficult.
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I bought some fruit.
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Okay, fruit is an uncountable noun.
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If the noun is uncountable, we do not use an article.
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I bought some fruit.
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The fruit was bad.
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But Ronnie, you just said if it's an uncountable noun, we don't use an article.
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What are you doing?
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Have you lost your mind?
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No. This is a grammar rule.
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The first time I talk about the fruit, I use no article because it's uncountable.
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But, the second time I'm talking about the same noun, I have to.
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I don't know why.
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I just have to.
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It's a rule.
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So I have to say the fruit.
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The fruit was bad.
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The third point when we use the article the, the article the, I'm using articles all the time,
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is when the speaker and the listener or the reader, whatever, if you're reading or listening,
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know, they both know which noun you are talking about.
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For example, if you and your friend go to the same school, you have to say the school.
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If I was talking to my friend on the phone and I said, hey, yeah, oh, I left my book at the school.
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My friend and I both know what school I am talking about.
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In my city, there are 2 .5 million schools.
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There's a lot of schools in Toronto.
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There are 2 .5 million people.
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And a lot of people go to different schools.
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But because my friend and I go to the same school, I have to say, the school.
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I'm going to go to the school tomorrow.
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You and I both know we're talking about the same one okay the next one is We use with countries,
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but only one percent of the countries of the world So I ask you what country are you from I?
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am from Canada We have listeners from all over the world.
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I would guarantee
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that 99 % of you would not use an article with your country name I come from Canada below Canada.
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There's a country.
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It's a big country called Anyone know below Canada geography time the United States of America or shorter the USA a
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Lot of people their ancestors I am in Canada came from a country
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or group of countries called the United Kingdom the United Kingdom
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and There's a country in the Middle East called the United Arab Emirates.
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Is anyone from there?
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I went there once in an airplane.
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It's cool.
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The United States, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates.
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All of these three countries,
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we have to use the because there is the word united in the title of the country.
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I do not say the Canada.
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I do not say the Japan.
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If the word has united in it, I say the.
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The second one is if the country has more than two words in the name, you're going to say the.
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For example, New Zealand.
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New Zealand only has two words.
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I do not say the New Zealand.
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If it has more than two words, I have to put the in front of the country.
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The last one is the most difficult.
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If you were like me and did not do well in geography class, this one's hard.
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We have to use the if the country is comprised of tiny or small islands.
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I do not expect everyone in the world to know which countries are made of small islands, But to help you out,
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off the top of my head, the Philippines.
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If you look in a map, the Philippines has many tiny little islands that make one country.
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Another example would be the West Indies, the Canary Islands.
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These are all places that have small islands that form one country.
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So if you look at Japan, for example, Japan has maybe five or more islands, but they're quite large
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so we cannot use this as the Japan they have to be very small islands I hope you understand this
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if you have a question please leave me a comment if you need more help with this please ask me bye
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が174文、単語が1757語あります。 音声の長さは14:12です。 話す速さは1分あたり約124語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| noun 名詞 | /naʊn/ | 名詞 |
| shoe 名詞 | /ˈʃu/ | 靴, シューズ |
| cookie 名詞 | /ˈkʊki/ | クッキー, ビスケット |
| singular 形容詞 | /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ | 唯一, 無二 |
| litter 名詞 | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | ごみ |
| confuse 動詞 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 混乱させる |
| grammar 名詞 | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | 文法 |
| pronunciation 名詞 | /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ | 発音, 読み |
| geography 名詞 | /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/ | 地理学 |
| listener 名詞 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 聞き手, 聴取者 |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 授業, 学科 |
| silent 形容詞 | /ˈsaɪ̯lənt/ | 静かな, 無音の |
| guarantee 名詞 | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | 保証 |
| exception 名詞 | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | 除外 |
| reader 名詞 | /ˈɹi.dɚ/ | 読者, リーダー |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've just said · has united |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is comprised · are made |
| 最上級 the -est / the most … — グループの中で一番 | the easiest · the most difficult |
| 「going to」の未来表現 be going to + 動詞 — 予定や、起こりそうだと分かること | I'm going to teach · I'm going to generalize · We're going to stick |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, you're, I'dなど、短縮形や弱形を49回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: shoe /ˈʃu/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, geography /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/, generalize /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹə.laɪz/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。noun, shoe, cookieなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。