シャドーイング練習: Bookkeeping in 6 Steps (for Beginners) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Bookkeeping is an important part of running your business,

but to be honest, it's not something most business owners know much about or even want to do.

But now more than ever, bookkeeping is crucial to staying organized and having accurate data about your business.

My name is Kristen, and I'm a certified public accountant turned small business owner and entrepreneur.

I left my job at a big four accounting firm to start my own boutique firm

that serves small business owners like maybe yourself.

So today I'm going to teach you the bookkeeping basics.

This video is designed for business owners or anyone that is interested in becoming a bookkeeper.

What is bookkeeping?

Simply put, it is the process of keeping financial records for a business.

And this is so important because bookkeeping is required to file taxes, to get loans or funding,

and to stay compliant with local, state, and federal regulations.

And even more than that, it's crucial to have financial data about your business to make decisions for the future.

And surprisingly, the process is pretty simple.

So I'm going to break down the steps of bookkeeping.

So step one

One is to simply gather financial records or source documents.

And these documents include, most importantly,

bank statements and credit card statements that show a list of transactions during that financial period with an amount,

a date, and a description.

Some other documents that are really helpful are receipt, any record of cash transactions.

So if the business pulled out cash and that cash was used for different types of activities,

that's really important to have written down or logged somewhere.

Also, any invoices that the business issued to its customers or clients and any bills that were issued to the business.

Step two is to categorize transactions.

So now that you have all of the data you'll need,

you then need to sort through those transactions and make some decisions around what category they fall under.

So we have several normal categories in the bookkeeping world, and that's going to be revenue or sales and expenses,

assets, liability, and owner's equity.

And a lot of those terms you may have heard before, equity may be a new one,

but essentially it's a record of owner's distributions and contributions and what money is remaining in the business undistributed.

It's important to be able to basically list out all of the transactions from that bank statement,

from those source records, and decide on categories.

And this is where I will recommend using an accounting software.

And the two that I love the most are Xero Accounting Software and QuickBooks Online.

You definitely want something digital and cloud -based.

You don't want to have to worry about, you know, a physical device being stolen or lost and losing all of your records.

So get something cloud -based and those two softwares will definitely do the trick.

Step three is where a lot of newbie bookkeepers

or business owners who try to DIY their own bookkeeping mess up and that is reconciling your bank account.

So you've got all of the transactions in the accounting software

and categorized and now you have to take an additional step to ensure accuracy and completeness of your data.

In a nutshell, that step is you get the source documents, the bank statements or credit card statements,

and you match them to the balance in the accounting software.

And then when there are discrepancies, you have to really understand those discrepancies because they could be caused by missing transactions,

duplicate transactions, or timing issues.

So you've got to be able to speak to those and make any corrections as needed.

It's shocking how many people's books I see

that come to our accounting firm

and you can very much tell a bank reconciliation has never been completed

because their credit card may say that they have a positive 500 balance

when really they owe negative $2 ,000 on that card, right?

Step four is preparing the financial statements.

And under generally accepted accounting principles, there are three main financial reports that I recommend most business owners know and understand.

And that's going to be the income statement or profit and loss.

Both names are totally acceptable the balance sheet, and then lastly, the statement of cash flows.

And that basically just explains how the cash has moved in

and out of the business for that period and what the net cash increase or decrease was.

So these statements can often be run for various periods of time.

So normally at our firm, we prepare statements on a monthly basis.

So the monthly report would show that month's data, but also a year to date view.

So the business owner can go into their income statement and not only see how they did that month,

but how they're tracking for the whole year.

Now, the balance sheet is a little bit different because it's not over a span of time.

It's an as of period because the balance sheet is basically the statement of net worth of the business.

So what does the business own and what does the business owe?

So because there's really only a snapshot available for that

and there's not going to be the span of time like an income statement or profit and loss,

that would be run as of a certain date.

So as of December 31st. And then the statement of cash flow, similar to the profit and loss or income statement,

can be run for a span of time to show the activity over that period of time.

The next step is reviewing the financial statement.

So these beautiful statements mean nothing if we don't understand them.

So the first statement that we talked about, the income statement or profit and loss is giving you a summary of revenue,

cost of goods sold or cost of services sold,

which basically are those variable expenses that are changing as your revenue grows or as it decreases, right?

So for a product space business, that's going to be the cost of inventory that they sold during that period.

And then the next section is operating expenses.

And generally these are overhead expenses or fixed expenses.

And what that means is they don't fluctuate as much with revenue as the cost of goods sold expenses would.

So you're going to see things like rent and insurance and payroll, etc. in this part of the profit and loss or income statement.

The last line, the bottom line is going to tell you your net profit or net loss.

So this is really a great picture of how the business is performing.

Is there going to be profit left over after the month or is the business in the red?

Are they in a loss position?

The next statement is the balance sheet.

So like we talked about this is going to be a summary of what the business owns

which is called assets and that's at the top of the statement

and what they owe which is called liabilities and that's next

so that's going to be things like credit card balances loan balances

or any bills that are outstanding and then the last section is equity

which like we talked about is a summary of owners contributions to the business, owner's distributions from the business, and also a retained earnings.

So basically what is leftover, what is undistributed in the business.

And then lastly is our statement of cash flows.

And this is broken down into three main sections.

So it's cash flow from operations, cash flow from investing activities, and cash flow from financing activities.

So it pulls data from both the income statement and the balance sheet to show a cash summary.

So how much cash did you start the month with?

How much cash did you increase by or spend?

100

And then what's your leftover cash balance?

101

So it's a reconciliation of cash, which is a business's most important tool.

102

Step six is to use your financial statements to make informed business decisions.

103

So there is so much information to gather from these financial statements and really they tell a story of your business's performance.

104

So some examples about how my clients have used their financial

105

statements to make decisions is they track things like return on ad spend.

106

So if they're spending a bunch of money on advertising they basically see what their return was in revenue

107

and they can make a decision around whether to continue that ad campaign or to halt it altogether.

108

Another good example is your payroll spend right so seeing the total amount

109

that you spend to pay your team members and employees

110

and tracking that on a consistent basis is really important

111

because a lot of business owners like to track revenue per headcount

112

so if there are people in your business that are working for you

113

but aren't producing revenue they may be eating away at a lot of your profits

114

and so it's really helpful to see that in one financial report

115

and then lastly the most important number like I said is the net profit

116

or net loss so really understanding that number

117

and what it tells about the health of your business so

118

if you're constantly in a net loss position look closer at your expenses

119

and see what you might be able to cut

120

or reduce to put you into that profit position okay so you've just learned the six steps for bookkeeping for a business

121

And these steps are so important, whether you're doing your own bookkeeping for your business, or if you're interested in becoming a bookkeeper.

122

Me and my team run a program called Brilliant Bookkeeper, and it will teach you just that.

123

It'll provide you the mentorship and the coaching

124

and the support to learn the skills needed to become a bookkeeper

125

and seal the deal with your first client within 30 days.

126

So I hope that you'll check that out if you're interested in.

127

Bookkeeping really is the difference that can help you

128

or your clients have a more profitable year and take home more income personally.

129

So if you liked this video,

130

please give it a thumbs up and subscribe to the channel and feel free to leave a comment or a question.

131

We would love to hear from you.

132

Thanks so much.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Bookkeeping in 6 Steps」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：statement, cash, bookkeeping, financial, step。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が132文、単語が1741語あります。音声の長さは10:41です。話す速さは1分あたり約163語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の88%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
transaction 名詞	/tɹænˈzækʃən/	処理
expense 名詞	/ɪkˈspɛns/	支出, 費用
sheet 名詞	/ʃit/	枚, シート
summary 名詞	/ˈsʌm.ə.ɹi/	要約, 概要
spin 動詞	/spɪn/	回転する
equity 名詞	/ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/	衡平法
lastly 副詞	/ˈlæstli/	最後に
cloud 名詞	/ˈklaʊ̯d/	雲, 雲霞
helpful 形容詞	/ˈhɛlp.fl̩/	役に立つ, 有用
contribution 名詞	/ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/	貢献
asset 名詞	/ˈæsɛt/	資産
decrease 動詞	/dɪˈkɹiːs/	減少する, 減る
liability 名詞	/laɪəˈbɪlɪti/	負債, 借金
reconciliation 名詞	/ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/	和解
trick 名詞	/ˈtɹɪk/	欺き, 企み

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
write down 動詞	書き留める, 記す

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is designed · is required · were issued
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has never been completed · has moved · you've just learned
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	owe which is · cash, which is
「might / may」による可能性 might/may + 動詞 — 起こりうるが確実ではないこと	may have · may say · may be

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, don't, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を20回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, thumb /ˈθʌm/
「sh」と「zh」の音: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, reconciliation /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/, reconciliation /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, payroll /ˈpeɪˌɹəʊl/, reconciliation /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, inventory /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/, variable [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩], overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/, invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/, inform /ɪnˈfɔɹm/, profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/, certify /ˈsɜː.tɪ.faɪ/, fluctuate /ˈflʌkt͡ʃu.eɪt/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。transaction, expense, sheetなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Bookkeeping in 6 Steps (for Beginners) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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この動画の文法

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この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング練習: Bookkeeping in 6 Steps (for Beginners) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

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動画に出てくる句動詞

この動画の文法

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この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

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