シャドーイング練習: C1 ENGLISH LISTENING PRACTICE - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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What if you were born completely empty?
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What if the universe literally does not care about you at all, and every rule you follow is completely fake?
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Today, we are exploring the ultimate question.
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What gives your life meaning?
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Oh, wow.
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Yeah, it is.
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It's a question that can really induce a genuine sense of vertigo, you know.
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Oh, absolutely.
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Vertigo is the perfect word for it.
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It's totally dizzying.
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Right, because when you strip away all those comforting narratives we've built up over,
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well, millennia, what you're left with is just this overwhelming expanse of possibility.
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And that's exactly what we're getting into.
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In today's deep dive, we're going to explore three major shifts in human thought, confront two life-altering choices, and master five complex phrasal verbs,
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all leading up to one ultimate truth about your personal freedom.
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That is a total of 11 critical learning points, right?
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Exactly.
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11 points that will completely change how you view your existence.
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But before we jump in, welcome to this deep dive which is your English learning podcast for daily life, real conversation, and easy listening practice.
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So glad to have you here with us.
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Hey, if you'd like to support our work, please don't skip the ads.
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They help us keep creating high quality content and bring you even better lessons in the future.
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You can also join our membership program to get access to exclusive content, special resources, and many more valuable topics.
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Your support truly makes a difference.
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It really does.
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Thank you to everyone already supporting us.
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Now, I want to talk directly to you, the listener.
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If you're a B2 or C1 English learner, you're not just here for surface level grammar, right?
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You want the deep stuff.
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I want you to actively speak, practice, and really think deeply during this session.
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Exactly.
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You are here to become fluent in life's biggest ideas, not just the language.
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So what is our mission today?
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Well, our mission is to synthesize all this profound philosophical thought on existence and meaning, right?
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Yeah.
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We want to transform these really complex theories into practical wisdom for your daily life.
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All while dramatically expanding your advanced English vocabulary.
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Exactly.
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So let's just unpack this right from the start.
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We spend a truly exhausting amount of energy trying to find meaning.
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Oh, yeah.
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People look for it everywhere.
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Religion, politics, art, career, even just like making your social media aesthetic look perfect.
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Right.
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It's this universal hunger.
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But what is truly fascinating is how a specific group of thinkers, you know, the existentialists, approach this craving.
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Right.
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Their approach is super paradoxical, isn't it?
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It really is.
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They essentially say that, yes, your career or family can give your life meaning.
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But fundamentally, in a cosmic sense, none of it possesses any inherent meaning at all.
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Wait.
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I mean, they can provide meaning, but they inherently possess no meaning.
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That sounds like a whittle.
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It does.
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Yeah.
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But to understand it, we really have to travel back in time.
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We have to look at what they were reacting to.
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Let's do it.
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We're going back to ancient Greece, right?
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The baseline of all this.
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Yes.
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So we're talking about thinkers like Plato and Aristotle, and they believed in this framework called essentialism.
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Essentialism.
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So what exactly is the concept of essence here?
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Under essentialism, it is believed that everything has a core set of properties, an essence that makes it what it is.
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Can you give us an analogy to make that a bit more concrete?
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Sure.
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Let's use the classic knife analogy.
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Think about a knife.
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It could have a wooden handle, a metal handle, whatever.
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But the handle doesn't really matter.
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Exactly.
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But without a blade, without the ability to cut, it's no longer a knife.
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Its defining function is its essence.
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And that essence existed as an idea before the knife was even made.
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Okay, I follow that for tools.
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But they applied this to humans too.
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They did.
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They believed human essence exists before we were born.
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Your purpose is given to you, often believed to be by God or nature.
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Wow.
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Isn't it incredibly comforting to think your purpose is already decided?
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Like the pressure is totally off.
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It can be comforting, sure.
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But what happens when you don't know what that purpose is or you're just terrible at it?
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Ah, well that's where the anxiety comes in.
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And this brings us to our first major language focus today, the phrasal verb live up to.
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Live up to.
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That's a great one for our B2 and C1 learners.
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Let's break that down.
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To live up to means to fulfill expectations or a certain standard.
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So in the context of this philosophy, how would we use it?
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You could say under essentialism, being a good human means trying to live up to your predetermined essence.
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Let me repeat that for the audience.
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Listen, I want you to repeat this out loud right now.
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Ready?
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Under essentialism, being a good human means trying to live up to your predetermined essence.
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Perfect.
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It's that constant pressure to meet a standard you didn't even create.
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And, you know, before humans go off trying to find their grand, deep essence, we just sort of exist in society.
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Yeah, we just make everyday chatter.
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Small talk.
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Exactly.
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We're just going through the motions.
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And actually, let's practice this.
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We're going to do a quick small talk role play about the weather.
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Oh, this is great practice.
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Listener, I'm going to say a line and I want you to respond out loud in the pause break.
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You can say something like, yeah, I hope it clears up soon.
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Ready?
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Here we go.
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Crazy weather we're having lately, right?
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It's been pouring all week.
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Great job.
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That kind of routine, predictable conversation, the small talk, is exactly what later philosophers felt was missing the deeper point of existence.
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He looked at everyone just chatting about the rain and thought, is this it?
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Is this all there is?
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Exactly.
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And before we get to their radical shift that blew all this up, let's take a quick pause.
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Yes.
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If you are enjoying this deep dive into meaning and language so far, please take a second to like, share and subscribe.
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It helps us immensely.
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It really does.
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So let's talk about the late 19th century.
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Right.
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Everything changes.
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Everything.
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Thinkers like Friedrich Nietzsche started challenging essentialism.
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They started embracing this idea called nihilism.
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Nihilism.
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That's a dark one.
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That's basically the belief in the ultimate meaninglessness of life, right?
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That's right.
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The belief that there is no grand design.
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And this gives us a great opportunity to integrate some C1 vocabulary.
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Oh, I love C1 vocabulary.
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What do we have?
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We have two words here.
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Preposterous and imbue.
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Let's start with preposterous.
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P-R-E-P-O-S-T-E-R-U-S.
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What does that mean?
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It means completely contrary to reason or common sense.
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Utterly ridiculous.
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Like it's preposterous to think a dog could drive a car.
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Exactly.
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And the second word is imbue.
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I-M-B-U-E.
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This means to inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality.
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So someone could be imbued with a sense of hope.
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Yes.
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Now let's put them together in a sentence for our listeners.
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It seemed preposterous to Nietzsche that we are imbued with a magical purpose from birth.
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Oh, that's a powerful sentence.
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Listener, listen to that again.
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It seemed preposterous to Nietzsche that we are imbued with a magical purpose from birth.
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So if nihilism tore down the old house, existentialism was the new house they built.
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And this is where Jean-Paul Sartre comes in, right?
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With his revolutionary framework.
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Yes.
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Sartre flipped the script entirely.
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He said, existence precedes essence.
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Existence comes before essence.
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Let's really analyze that.
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Well, it means we are born first.
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That's the existence part.
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We show up completely blank with no hardwired purpose.
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We're not like the knife.
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There's no blueprint.
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Exactly.
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Then it is entirely up to us to write our own essence through how we choose to live.
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We have to make it up as we go.
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Right.
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And he didn't hide from this terrifying idea.
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He confronted it.
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Which brings us to our second phrasal verb, face head on.
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This is a great C1 idiom.
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How would you explain that one?
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To face something head on means to deal with a difficult situation directly without avoiding it.
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You look right at the problem.
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Like facing a financial crisis head on.
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Exactly.
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So, listener, practice this example sentence out loud with me.
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Instead of running away from a meaningless universe, Sartre decided to face it head on.
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Perfect.
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He just looked right at the void.
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Wait, I have a big question here.
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Does believing you create your own essence mean you have to be an atheist?
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That is a huge misconception.
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No, existentialism is not synonymous with atheism.
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Really?
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Because Sartre was pretty famously atheist?
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He was, but important thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard were theists.
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They were deeply religious.
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How does that work?
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How can you believe in God but not believe you have a set purpose?
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To explain that, we need another C1 vocabulary word, teleology.
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Teleology.
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T-E-L-L-O-G-Y.
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That sounds very academic.
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It is.
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Teleology is the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve.
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Like saying rain exists so that plants can grow.
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Okay, so how does this fit with religious existentialists?
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Well, theistic existentialists deny teleology for humans.
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They believe God exists, but giving your life a specific predetermined meaning is simply not in his job description.
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Wow, that's a great way to frame it.
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God gives you the canvas, but you have to paint the picture.
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Exactly.
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Which leads us to a highly technical concept they talked about a lot, the concept of the absurd.
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The absurd.
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Now we use that word in everyday English to just mean silly.
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Right, like these prices are absurd.
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But in philosophy it's not a joke.
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It is the search for answers in an answerless world.
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It's the friction.
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The imagery they use is so powerful.
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We are creatures who desperately crave meaning, abandoned in a meaningless universe.
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And we're crying out into the wilderness, getting absolutely no response, but we keep crying anyway.
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It's tragic, honestly.
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Which leads to our third phrasal verb, boil down to.
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Boil down to.
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A B2C1 phrase.
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What does it mean?
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It means to reduce something to its most basic essential element, like boiling soup on a stove until only the rich flavor is left.
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Exactly.
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So we can say the absurd really boils down to the conflict between our human desire for meaning
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and the cold, silent universe.
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Boils down to.
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Write that one down in your notes, listeners.
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So let's contextualize this historically.
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Why did all these ideas suddenly explode in the mid-20th century?
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Well, you have to look at the historical catalyst.
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During and after
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World War II, the horrors of the Holocaust led people to abandon the belief in an ordered, fair world.
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Right.
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When atrocities on that scale became possible, meaning became incredibly hard to find.
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Yeah.
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The old ideas of a just universe just fell apart.
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And out of that trauma, Sartre introduced his most agonizing concept.
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The idea that we don't lack meaning, but rather we have a terrifying abundance of freedom.
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He said we are condemned to be free.
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Condemned.
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It sounds so backwards.
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Freedom is usually a good thing.
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But because there are no absolute rules, no cosmic justice and no fairness, we are forced to invent our own moral code from scratch.
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And that is exhausting.
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So what do people usually do?
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They look for fake authorities.
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Exactly.
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Relying on parents, the church, or the government for objective answers is a trap.
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It is believed that they are just people terrified and figuring it out too.
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And if you just follow them blindly, you're doing our fourth phrasal verb, phoning it in.
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Phoning it in.
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This is a very common idiomatic C1 phrase.
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It means to do something with minimal effort or without genuine engagement, like an actor just reading lines over the telephone.
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So in this context, if you just follow a path set by society without choosing it yourself, you are phoning it in with your life.
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You're just sleepwalking.
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And there's a great idiom that goes with this.
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Yes.
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Burying your head in the sand.
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The bury your head in the sand, it means refusing to think about an unpleasant situation.
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Sartre called this bad faith.
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Pretending that something outside of you gives your life meaning, just so you don't have to face your freedom.
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Like an ostrich hiding from a lion.
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If I don't look at my freedom, it isn't there.
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Exactly.
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It's much easier to bury your head in the sand.
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Okay, let's put this into a real-life moral dilemma.
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We're at a crossroads here.
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There's this very famous anecdote of the student.
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Yes, it's believed to have been presented by Sartre to his actual students.
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It's about a young man facing a terrible choice during wartime in occupied France.
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This gives me chills every time.
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So the student has option A and option B.
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Right.
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Option A, go to war, fight for a great cause, join the resistance.
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But he would be a very small part of a massive movement.
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And what's the cost of option A?
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He would be leaving his elderly, lonely mother behind.
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She only has him.
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Which perfectly introduces our fifth phrasal verb, leave behind.
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This is a strong B2 verb.
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It means to go away and not take someone or something with you.
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So the sentence is, if he went to war, he would leave behind his helpless mother.
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And if he does that, she might die of despair.
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Right.
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So what about option B?
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Option B is he stays with his mother.
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He makes an enormous guaranteed difference in just one person's life. But...
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But he abandons his duty to his country and justice.
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He lets others fight and die for him.
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Wow.
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So he is completely trapped.
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To use another great idiom, he is at a crossroads.
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At a crossroads, meaning he is at a point where a crucial life-altering decision must be made.
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So he goes to Sartre and asks, what should I do?
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What is the right answer?
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And here is the punchline of existentialism.
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The solution to the dilemma is there is no answer.
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No answer.
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None.
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None.
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No moral theory, religious or secular, could help the student do the math on this choice.
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So what was the only true choice?
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The only true choice was whatever choice he made authentically.
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He just had to choose and accept the full weight of his freedom.
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That is heavy.
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And I can see why people say this philosophy is depressing.
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It feels bleak.
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It does.
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And Albert Camus took it even further.
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He controversially believed that the literal meaning of life is simply whatever you are doing that prevents you from killing yourself.
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Wait, seriously.
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This sounds incredibly depressing.
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Is it really all just bleak?
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Do we just suffer?
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No. And this is where we reframe the whole thing.
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This is the turn.
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Please turn it around because I'm feeling the vertigo.
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Okay.
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If the world is inherently devoid of purpose, that means you hold the ultimate power to imbue it with whatever purpose you want.
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Oh, so my blank slate is a superpower.
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Exactly.
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No one can tell you your life is worthless
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if you don't achieve traditional standards like wealth or having children or being famous.
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Because those standards are completely fake.
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Right.
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And on a global scale, it's a call to action.
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If we want justice, order and fairness to exist in the world.
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We have to build them ourselves.
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Exactly.
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We have to invent them because the universe won't do it for us.
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That is actually incredibly empowering.
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It's beautiful, really.
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All right.
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This brings us to our final provocative thought for you, the listener, to mull over today.
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What's the thought?
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If everything you value only exists because you put it there,
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what old useless meanings are you currently carrying around that you need to throw away today?
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What if your blank slate is actually your greatest superpower?
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That is something you can think about all week.
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Absolutely.
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Now, I promised you a bonus reveal at the end of the episode.
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Oh, yes.
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The psychological tip for language learners.
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Here it is.
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Your English fluency doesn't have an essence you're failing to live up to.
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Your fluency is built purely by your daily existence and practice.
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You create your English identity.
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I love that.
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You are entirely in control of your language journey.
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Now it's your turn.
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I have some homework for you.
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I want you to write one key word or one idiom we explained today, alongside its meaning, in the comment box.
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And right next to it, write the exact phrase, I am consistent.
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Yes, write, I am consistent.
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Prove to us that you are committed to your learning.
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And please write your feedback in the comments, too.
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Which kind of topic do you want for the next video?
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We read every comment.
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We really do.
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If you like this deep dive, give it a huge thumbs up.
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And listen closely.
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If you want to read an exclusive article about mastering English, go to the description box right now.
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I have provided a special link.
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Yes, check out the description box.
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If you subscribe just once, you will receive a free, high-quality article in your email every single time we release one.
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It's a fantastic resource for learners.
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So if you enjoyed this podcast, there are many more podcasts on my channel.
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Go check them out and binge watch your favorites.
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Thank you all for joining us on this deep dive.
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Keep speaking, keep listening, and keep creating your own meaning.
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See you next time.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「C1 ENGLISH LISTENING PRACTICE」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：meaning, exactly, essence。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が375文、単語が3028語あります。 音声の長さは16:14です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約186語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| essence 名詞 | /ˈɛsəns/ | 本質 |
| listener 名詞 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 聞き手, 聴取者 |
| verb 名詞 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 |
| knife 名詞 | /ˈnaɪ̯f/ | ナイフ, 小刀 |
| dive 動詞 | /daɪv/ | 潜る |
| boil 動詞 | /bɔɪ(ə)l/ | 沸かす, 沸騰させる |
| absurd 形容詞 | /əbˈsɜːd/ | 馬鹿らしい, 愚か |
| vocabulary 名詞 | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | 語彙, 語彙力 |
| belief 名詞 | /bɪˈliːf/ | 確信 |
| moral 形容詞 | /ˈmoɹəl/ | 倫理的な |
| sand 名詞 | /sænd/ | 砂 |
| comfort 名詞 | /ˈkʌm.fət/ | 快適さ |
| phrase 名詞 | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | 句, 語句 |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 話題, テーマ |
| deeply 副詞 | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | 深く |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| leave behind 動詞 | 置き忘れる |
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する |
| go away 動詞 | 去る, 出る |
| show up 動詞 | 現れる |
| throw away 動詞 | 棄てる, 捨てる |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- What if you were born completely empty?
- What gives your life meaning?
- Their approach is super paradoxical, isn't it?
- Isn't it incredibly comforting to think your purpose is already decided?
- How would you explain that one?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | if he went to war, he would leave · If you subscribe just once, you will receive |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were born · is believed · was even made |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | we've built · have provided |
注意したい発音
話し手はwe're, you're, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を35回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, aesthetic /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, moral /ˈmoɹəl/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, alter /ˈɔl.təɹ/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: verb /vɝb/, dive /daɪv/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: knife /ˈnaɪ̯f/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, comfort /ˈkʌm.fət/, phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/, framework /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。essence, listener, verbなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。